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51.
E Masliah M Mallory L Hansen M Alford R DeTeresa R Terry J Baudier T Saitoh 《Brain research》1992,574(1-2):312-316
Previous in vitro studies have suggested that amyloid precursor protein (APP) could be involved in cell surface adhesion, neuritic growth and survival of hippocampal neurons. In the present study, involvement of APP in aberrant sprouting in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was studied by comparing immunolabeling patterns of anti-APP and anti-growth-associated protein 43 (anti-GAP43). Confocal laser imaging of frontal cortex sections double-immunolabeled for APP and GAP43 showed an increase, in AD, of presynaptic boutons immunostained with anti-GAP43 that contained anti-APP immunoreactivity. The neuritic plaques in AD cases presented intense anti-GAP43 immunoreactive abnormal neurites colocalized with anti-APP. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the plaques showed that anti-APP was colocalized with anti-GAP43 in 57.5% of the aberrant sprouting neurites. We conclude that co-expression of APP with GAP43 in the plaque might be involved in the aberrant sprouting response observed in AD. 相似文献
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53.
At two scientific conferences in 1985, one in Copenhagen sponsored by the Nordic Council of Ministers and the World Health Organization (WHO), the other in Raleigh, NC, it was concluded that chronic toxic encephalopathy may develop following long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents (1,2). The terms organic affective syndrome, mild and severe chronic toxic encephalopathy were suggested for this condition describing increasing severity. In May 1990, a conference on organic solvents and the nervous system was held in Copenhagen sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities and the Danish Ministry of the Environment (3). Scientists and representatives from the governments, industries, and labour organisations from the EEC and US participated. 相似文献
54.
E Masliah M Ellisman B Carragher M Mallory S Young L Hansen R DeTeresa R D Terry 《Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology》1992,51(4):404-414
Recent studies have shown that the Alzheimer disease (AD) neocortex is characterized by a loss of large neurons, the presence of dilated terminal axons, widespread loss of synapses, and a disruption of the dendritic cytoskeleton which is manifested as Tau immunoreactive threads. In the present study we have investigated the relationship between synaptic and dendritic abnormalities in the neocortex of Alzheimer patients and examined the extent to which these structural alterations correlate with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. Quantitative neuroanatomical data were obtained from immunofluorescence-labeled specimens using a laser-scanning confocal microscope, computer-assisted image processing and serial section reconstruction techniques. We found that the AD cases showed a 34% loss in the number of presynaptic terminals per 100 square (sq) microns, many of which showed structural abnormalities. The AD neuropil had an average of 10 +/- 7 dendritic threads per 1,000 sq microns, with the average thread measuring 2 sq microns. Severe AD cases had thicker threads compared with mild to moderate AD cases. Three-dimensional analysis showed clustering of synapses around threads, as well as presynaptic boutons apposed to dendritic neuropil threads. Statistical analysis showed that the strongest correlation was between synapse density and Blessed score of cognitive impairment. Thread counts did not correlate with either but were correlated with tangle counts. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that tangle counts, but not threads, strengthened the correlation between Blessed score and synapses. We conclude that synaptic damage may precede dendritic thread and tangle formation, and that threads do not necessarily induce synaptic pathology. Instead, dendrite sprouting in the denervated regions could be associated with increased accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins observed in the dendritic threads. 相似文献
55.
Brendan C Stack J Paul Hansen James M Ruda Jeff Jaglowski Joseph Shvidler Christopher S Hollenbeak 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2004,131(1):54-60
OBJECTIVE: A new class of carboxylic acids has tumoricidal activity for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Fusaric acid (FA) can chelate divalent cations, especially zinc, and inactivate zinc finger proteins involved in DNA repair and protein synthesis. METHODS: 2 squamous carcinoma lines were utilized for in vitro and in vivo portions of this study. Cell counting and flow cytometry were used to analyze cells in culture in treatment and control groups over 96 hours. HNSCC subcutaneous implants were created in treatment and control groups of BALB-c nude mice (N = 30). RESULTS: In vitro studies demonstrated significant changes in cell numbers and cell cycle. In vivo studies of daily intralesional therapy for 1 month also showed reduced onset of growth and overall growth compared to controls. CONCLUSION: FA appears to have a tumoristatic/tumoricidal effect on HNSCC. Further nude mice studies are needed to optimize dosing and administration regimens for FA in anticipation of clinical trials. 相似文献
56.
Francoise Mouchet Valérie Hansen Inge Van Herreweghe Olivier Vandenberg Régine Van Hesse Michèle Gérard Michèle Toppet Maryse Wanlin Véronique Toppet Georges Casimir Dominique Haumont Jack Levy 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2004,25(12):1062-1066
OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis among infants, family members, and healthcare workers (HCWs) who were exposed to a 29-week-old premature infant with congenital tuberculosis, diagnosed at 102 days of age. DESIGN: A prospective exposure investigation using tuberculin skin test (IST conversion was conducted. Contacts underwent two skin tests 10 to 12 weeks apart. Clinical examination and chest radiographs were performed to rule out disease. Isoniazid prophylaxis was administered to exposed infants at higher risk. SETTING: A neonatal intensive care unit in an urban hospital in Brussels, Belgium. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-seven infants, 139 HCWs, and 180 visitors. RESULTS: Newly positive TST results occurred in HCWs who had been in close contact with the infant. Six (19%) of 32 primary care nurses and physicians had TST conversions and received treatment. Among the 97 exposed infants, 85 were screened and 34 were identified as at higher risk of infection. Of these, 27 received preventive isoniazid. None of the infants and none of the 93 other infants' family members evaluated were infected. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital tuberculosis in an infant poses a risk for nosocomial transmission to HCWs. Delayed diagnosis of this rare disease and close proximity are the most important factors related to transmission. 相似文献
57.
58.
The present study assessed neuropsychological functions related to attention, executive function and everyday memory in a group of men with a diagnosis of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Twenty Bosnian male combat veterans with a diagnosis of PTSD were tested using the Sustained Attention to Response Task, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test, the Trail Making Test, Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (verbal scales). Their performance was compared with age- and IQ-matched male war veterans with no PTSD. The study disclosed pervasive cognitive impairments with large effect sizes pertaining to attention, working memory, executive function, and memory. The effects did not appear to be attributable to alcohol abuse, loss of consciousness, or educational level. We speculate that, in the present group of combat veterans, PTSD was associated with dysfunction of a higher-level attentional resource which in turn affected the activity in other systems concerned with memory and thought. 相似文献
59.
60.
Interobserver variation in the evaluation of neurological signs: observer dependent factors. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. Hansen S.H. Sindrup P.B. Christensen N.K. Olsen O. Kristensen M.L. Friis 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1994,90(3):145-149
Introduction - Interobserver variation among four observers in evaluation of eight selected neurological signs was investigated. Material & methods - Two hundred and two consecutive unselected inpatients were examined by two senior neurologists and two trainees, all without knowledge of the neurological case history. The signs examined were: anisocoria, jerky eye movements, facial palsy, elbow extension force, finger-nose test, Barré sign, knee jerk, and extensor plantar reflex. Observed agreement rates and kappa coefficients were calculated in order to compare the interobserver variability among neurologists and trainees, and to evaluate differences in the interobserver variability between signs. Results - Observed agreement rates varied from 0.80 to 0.95 for neurologists and from 0.65 to 0.98 for trainees. For neurologists kappa coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.67 and for trainees from 0.22 to 0.81. The neurologists had higher kappa values than the trainees in 5 signs, but this difference was only statistically significant for jerky eye movements. For the individual signs the observed agreement rates were between 0.50 and 0.93 for all four examiners combined, and overall kappa values varied from 0.32 to 0.71 with highest agreement for facial palsy and lowest for knee jerk. Conclusion - The magnitude of the interobserver and intersign variation indicates that the interpretation of the neurological signs tested, without knowledge of the case history, should be done with some caution. 相似文献