聚嘧啶束结合蛋白相关剪接因子高表达对糖基化终末产物诱导下视网膜色素上皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的观察聚嘧啶束结合蛋白相关剪接因子(PSF)高表达对糖基化终末产物(AGEs)诱导下RPE细胞损伤的保护作用。方法将体外培养的人RPE细胞分为正常对照组(N组)、空白对照组(N+AGAGEs组)、空载体对照组(Vec+AGEs组)、PSF高表达组(PSF+AGEs组)。N组RPE细胞常规培养;N+AGEs组只做转染处理但不导入任何外源性基因的RPE细胞联合AGEs诱导;Vec+AGEs组、PSF+AGEs组利用转染试剂脂质体2000将pcDNA空载体或pcDNA-PSF真核表达质粒导入RPE细胞联合AGEs诱导。除N组以外,其余3组细胞进行相应的转染处理,24 h后应用150μg/ml的AGEs刺激72 h。采用HE染色和Hoechst 33258染色观察PSF高表达对RPE细胞凋亡相关形态改变的影响;通过ROS水平检测分析PSF高表达对AGEs诱导的RPE细胞ROS表达的影响;采用MTT比色法检测PSF高表达对RPE细胞生存力的影响;采用Western blot检测PSF不同作用时间及不同剂量对血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)表达的影响。结果HE染色和Hoechst 33258染色观察发现,N组细胞形态饱满,细胞核呈圆形,细胞质丰富,染色均一;N+AGEs组、Vec+AGEs组细胞体积缩小,嗜酸性染色增强,细胞核致密浓染、固缩甚至碎裂;PSF+AGEs组细胞形态尚饱满,细胞浆染色较均匀,细胞核染色均一。MTT比色法检测结果显示,PSF高表达可有效提高RPE细胞生存力,但该作用可被ZnPP有效拮抗,且差异有统计学意义(F=33.26,P<0.05)。DCFH-DA法检测结果显示,与N+AGEs组、Vec+AGEs组比较,PSF+AGEs组细胞中ROS产量下降,差异有统计学意义(F=11.94,P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果显示,PSF蛋白以时间、剂量依赖性的方式上调HO-1的表达水平。PSF蛋白作用24、48、72 h的HO-1相对表达水平较0 h明显升高,差异有统计学意义(F=164.91,P<0.05)。0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0μg PSF蛋白作用下的HO-1相对表达水平较0.0μg明显升高,差异有统计学意义(F=104.82,P<0.05)。结论PSF可能通过上调HO-1的表达而抑制ROS产生,从而对AGEs诱导下的RPE细胞损伤发挥保护作用。     

心理干预在宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染患者治疗中的应用

目的观察心理干预在人乳头瘤病毒感染患者治疗中的作用.方法将100例人乳头瘤病毒感染患者排除宫颈高度病变后,随机分为研究组和对照组.研究组使用淑润栓外用抗病毒治疗的同时采用心理干预;对照组仅常规使用外用药物.在干预前及干预后3个月,2组患者均发放生活质量评定问卷并且评分,将结果进行干预前、后及同期组间比较.结果研究组心理干预后3个月生活质量评分明显高于对照组.结论心理干预能有效地改善人乳头瘤病毒感染患者的生活质量.     

中老年患者无明确诊断意义的鳞状上皮细胞病变以上宫颈病变临床处理方法研究

目的 探讨中老年患者性质不明不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）及ASCUS以上宫颈病变的临床处理方法.方法 根据临床对中老年患者ASCUS宫颈病变不同处理方法分组,观察1组（348例）行阴道镜检查;观察2组（316例）行高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）检测,HPV阳性行阴道镜检查;观察3组（129例）定期宫颈细胞学复检,鳞状上皮内病变行阴道镜检查,比较三组临床处理情况.结果 三组574例患者同时行液基薄层细胞学检查（TCT）及阴道镜宫颈活检病理检查,结果上皮内瘤变（CIN）以上宫颈病变223例（38.9%）,其中CIN Ⅰ 136例（23.7%）、CINⅡ64例（11.2%）、CINⅢ20例（3.5%）、原位癌3例（0.5%）;观察1组348例中,行阴道镜检查348例（100.0%）,活检CINⅡ以上的患者36例（10.3%）;观察2组转阴道镜检查213例（67.4%）,活检CINⅡ以上的患者38例（12.0%）;观察3组转阴道镜检查13例（10.1%）,活检CINⅡ以上的患者3例（2.3%）.活检CINⅡ以上检出率,观察1组、观察2组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与观察3组比较差异均有统计学意义（x2 =7.014、9.156,均P＜0.05）.结论 高危型HPV检测分流ASCUS,可减少宫颈病变处理过程中误诊、漏诊及过度治疗的问题.     

谷固醇达克罗宁膜质量标准研究

目的：建立谷固醇达克罗宁膜的薄层鉴别、盐酸达克罗宁的含量均匀度及含量测定的方法。方法：采用薄层色谱法鉴别谷固醇及高效液相色谱法测定盐酸达克罗宁的含量及其均匀度。结果：谷固醇薄层斑点清晰;在选定的色谱条件下,盐酸达克罗宁在1.205～120.5μg·mL^-1范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.9999）,平均回收率为101.3％,其RSD为0.9％（n＝9）。结论：所建方法专属性强,准确度高,可更有效地用于谷固醇达克罗宁膜的质量控制。     

颈部三角吻合术在微创食管切除术中的应用

目的：评价三角吻合术在微创食管切除、食管胃颈部吻合术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年3月在复旦大学附属中山医院胸外科接受胸腹腔镜食管癌根治切除加食管胃颈部吻合术的137例患者的临床资料,其中三角吻合77例（三角吻合组）,管状吻合60例（管状吻合组）。结果三角吻合组和管状吻合组术中吻合时间分别为（18．0±3．9） min 和（17．0±2．9） min,差异无统计学意义（P＝0．099）;术后吻合口瘘发生率分别为3．9％（3/77）和10．0％（6/60）,差异无统计学差异（P＝0．152）;吻合口狭窄发生率分别为1．3％（1/77）和15．0％（9/60）,差异有统计学意义（P＝0．002）。两组患者在围手术期死亡率、心血管并发症、肺部并发症等方面的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论颈部三角吻合术是一种安全、有效的吻合方法,可以降低术后吻合口狭窄的发生。     

Sculpting the UMLS Refined Semantic Network

Background

The Refined Semantic Network (RSN) for the UMLS was previously introduced to complement the UMLS Semantic Network (SN). The RSN partitions the UMLS Metathesaurus (META) into disjoint groups of concepts. Each such group is semantically uniform. However, the RSN was initially an order of magnitude larger than the SN, which is undesirable since to be useful, a semantic network should be compact. Most semantic types in the RSN represent combinations of semantic types in the UMLS SN. Such a “combination semantic type” is called Intersection Semantic Type (IST). Many ISTs are assigned to very few concepts. Moreover, when reviewing those concepts, many semantic type assignment inconsistencies were found. After correcting those inconsistencies many ISTs, among them some that contradicted UMLS rules, disappeared, which made the RSN smaller.

Objective

The authors performed a longitudinal study with the goal of reducing the size of the RSN to become compact. This goal was achieved by correcting inconsistencies and errors in the IST assignments in the UMLS, which additionally helped identify and correct ambiguities, inconsistencies, and errors in source terminologies widely used in the realm of public health.

Methods

In this paper, we discuss the process and steps employed in this longitudinal study and the intermediate results for different stages. The sculpting process includes removing redundant semantic type assignments, expanding semantic type assignments, and removing illegitimate ISTs by auditing ISTs of small extents. However, the emphasis of this paper is not on the auditing methodologies employed during the process, since they were introduced in earlier publications, but on the strategy of employing them in order to transform the RSN into a compact network. For this paper we also performed a comprehensive audit of 168 “small ISTs” in the 2013AA version of the UMLS to finalize the longitudinal study.

Results

Over the years it was found that the editors of the UMLS introduced some new inconsistencies that resulted in the reintroduction of unwarranted ISTs that had already been eliminated as a result of their previous corrections. Because of that, the transformation of the RSN into a compact network covering all necessary categories for the UMLS was slowed down. The corrections suggested by an audit of the 2013AA version of the UMLS achieve a compact RSN of equal magnitude as the UMLS SN. The number of ISTs has been reduced to 336. We also demonstrate how auditing the semantic type assignments of UMLS concepts can expose other modeling errors in the UMLS source terminologies, e.g., SNOMED CT, LOINC, and RxNORM that are important for health informatics. Such errors would otherwise stay hidden.

Conclusions

It is hoped that the UMLS curators will implement all required corrections and use the RSN along with the SN when maintaining and extending the UMLS. When used correctly, the RSN will support the prevention of the accidental introduction of inconsistent semantic type assignments into the UMLS. Furthermore, this way the RSN will support the exposure of other hidden errors and inconsistencies in health informatics terminologies, which are sources of the UMLS. Notably, the development of the RSN materializes the deeper, more refined Semantic Network for the UMLS that its designers envisioned originally but had not implemented.     

Ultrafast folding of alpha3D: a de novo designed three-helix bundle protein

Here, we describe the folding/unfolding kinetics of alpha3D, a small designed three-helix bundle. Both IR temperature jump and ultrafast fluorescence mixing methods reveal a single-exponential process consistent with a minimal folding time of 3.2 +/- 1.2 micros (at approximately 50 degrees C), indicating that a protein can fold on the 1- to 5-micros time scale. Furthermore, the single-exponential nature of the relaxation indicates that the prefactor for transition state (TS)-folding models is probably >or=1 (micros)-1 for a protein of this size and topology. Molecular dynamics simulations and IR spectroscopy provide a molecular rationale for the rapid, single-exponential folding of this protein. alpha3D shows a significant bias toward local helical structure in the thermally denatured state. The molecular dynamics-simulated TS ensemble is highly heterogeneous and dynamic, allowing access to the TS via multiple pathways.     

钙对用克山病病区粮喂养大鼠甲状旁腺激素降钙素以及生长激素分泌的影响

用模仿克山病病区易感人群膳食组成的病区粮偏食喂养大鼠，观察在该饲料中补充不同浓度的钙对大鼠内分泌及生长代谢的影响。结果表明：病区粮偏食明显低钙，仅为常规食的１／３２；用该饲料喂养的大鼠体重增长缓慢；血清总钙及血浆钙离子水平明显降低，仅约为常规食组动物的一半左右，血Ｐ升高；血清甲状旁腺激素（ＰＴＨ），降钙素（ＣＴ）和生长激素（ＧＨ）水平均明显降低，与常规食组比，均为Ｐ＜０．０１。补Ｃａ后随血清Ｃａ增加，血清ＰＴＨ、ＣＴ和ＧＨ均明显升高而接近常规食组水平。这说明钙对用克山病病区粮喂养大鼠的内分泌功能及生长代谢具有一定的调节作用，从而改善了用病区粮喂养大鼠引起的代谢偏移。     

北京市部分地区老年人神经系统疾病患病率及生活活动能力的调查

目的调查老年人神经系统疾病及有关因素，为制定相应的防治措施提供依据。方法采用问卷访问和体格检查相结合的方法，对北京市城区、平原、山区的１７５５名老年人进行调访。结果４０．３％的老年人患有神经系统疾病。脑血管病患病率为２１．４％，高血压为所有脑血管病的重要因素，肥胖（或超重）和冠心病分别为脑梗塞和短暂性脑缺血的相对独立的因素；锥体外系疾病患病率为４．ｏ％。结论老年人神经系统疾病患病率逐年增高，且是导致老年人日常生活活动能力下降的主要原因之一，完全性卒中、帕金森病及痴呆为主要致残疾病。     

弓形虫培养上清体外对CD4+CD25+T细胞的影响

目的探讨体外培养条件下弓形虫培养上清对CD4+CD25+T细胞的影响。方法用弓形虫培养上清和自小鼠脾脏分离的CD4+CD25+T细胞共同孵育，Annexin-v染色法检测CD4+CD25+T细胞的凋亡情况，淋巴细胞增殖实验检测CD4+CD25+T细胞对CD4+CD25-T细胞的抑制功能。结果  用弓形虫培养上清孵育10 h的小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+T细胞有(36. 90±0.36)%出现凋亡，和RPMI-1640孵育组相比，凋亡率上升了（13. 60士2.15）%。与RPMI-1640孵育组相比，用弓形虫培养上清处理5、10 h的小鼠脾脏CD4+CD2 5+T细胞对CD4+CD25 -T细胞的抑制功能下降(P<0.01)。结论  弓形虫培养上清中可能存在某些成分能够诱导CD4+CD25+T细胞出现凋亡，并使CD4+CD25+T缅胞对CD4+CD25-T细胞的抑制功能下降。