中风诊疗纵横谈

中医对中风的研究存在以下问题:①病名界定导入西化,使其研究导入狭闭的思维之中,难以取得突破;②中风诊疗呼唤创新理论;③中风的预防研究应当被视为“十一五”期间中风研究的重中之重。     

Transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates cardiac function in rabbits with myocardial infarction

Background Adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） are capable of differentiating into cardiomyogenic and endothelial cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that transplantation of ADSCs into myocardial scar may regenerate infracted myocardium and restore cardiac function. Methods ADSCs were isolated from the fatty tissue of New Zealand white rabbits and cultured in Iscove＇s modified dulbecco＇s medium. Three weeks after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rabbits, either a graft of untreated ADSCs （UASCs, n=14）, 5-azacytidine-pretreated ADSCs （AASCs, n=13）, or phosphate buffer saline （n=13） were injected into the infarct region. Transmural scar size, cardiac function, and immunohistochemistry were performed 5 weeks after cell transplantation. Results ADSCs in culture demonstrated a fibroblast-like appearance and expressed CD29, CD44 and CD105. Five weeks after cell transplantation, transmural scar size in AASC-implanted hearts was smaller than that of the other hearts. Many ADSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes. The AASCs in the prescar appeared more myotube-like. AASCs in the middle of the scar and UASCs, in contrast, were poorly differentiated. Some ADSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells and participate in vessel-like structures formation. All the ADSC-implanted hearts had a greater capillary density in the infarct region than did the control hearts. Statistical analyses revealed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial performance index, end-diastolic pressure, and peak ＋dP/dt, in two groups of ADSC-implanted hearts relative to the control hearts. AASC-implanted hearts had higher peak -dP/dt values than did control, higher ejection fraction and peak ＋dP/dt values than did UASC-implanted hearts. Conclusions ADSCs transplanted into the myocardial scar tissue formed cardiac islands and vessel-like structures, induced angiogenesis and improved cardiac function. 5-Azacytidine pretreatment before implantation is desirable for augmenting myogenesis. Transplantation of 5-azacytidine-treated ADSCs into the myocardial scar was more efficient than that of untreated ADSCs in preservation of cardiac function.     

绯红南五味子茎的化学成分研究

目的 研究绯红南五味子Kadsura coccinea茎的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱法、半制备高效液相色谱法以及Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱法等方法分离纯化,通过质谱、核磁共振谱等光谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到3个甾体化合物,3个羊毛甾烷型三萜和4个联苯环辛二烯型木脂素,共10个化合物。分别鉴定为4-豆甾烯- 3-酮（1）、β-谷甾醇（2）、(24R)-α-乙基-6β-羟基-4-胆甾烯醇-3-酮（3）、羊毛甾-(24E)-7, 24-二烯-26-酸-3-酮（4）、南五味子酸B（5）、南五味子酸C（6）、乙酰基日本南五木脂素A（7）、日本南五木脂素A（8）、长梗南五木脂素B（9）、南五木脂素J（10）。结论 化合物1、3、4为首次从本属植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从本植物中分离得到。     

联合肝叶及血管切除重建根治术治疗肝动脉受侵肝门部胆管癌的近期随访

目的探讨联合肝叶及血管切除重建根治术治疗肝动脉受侵肝门部胆管癌(HCCA)的临床效果和预后情况。方法回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年10月肝动脉受侵HCCA患者98例资料,根据手术方式不同将患者分为联合组(HCCA根治术+肝叶切除+肝动脉切除重建术)51例和姑息组(姑息性胆管肿瘤切除术/内引流减黄手术)47例。所有数据均采用SPSS22.0软件处理分析,两组患者术中术后各项指标以(±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验。并发症比较采用χ^2检验;采用Kaplan-meier绘制患者的生存曲线;以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果联合组手术时间、住院费用明显高于姑息组,但术中出血量、住院时间明显低于姑息组(P<0.05)。联合组并发症发生率为52.9%,与姑息组的42.6%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组均未发生围术期死亡。随访时间截至2019年11月,联合组的1年、2年、3年生存率分别为84.3%、66.7%、43.1%,,明显高于姑息组的17.0%、10.6%、4.3%(P<0.05)。结论联合肝叶及血管切除重建根治术用于治疗肝动脉受侵HCCA,可有效减少术中出血量,提高患者的生存率。     

静脉动脉化再植全拇指完全离断成功1例报告

目的 报道1例应用静脉动脉化方法再植全拇指完全离断手术获得成功。方法1999年7月6日,在13次吻合指动脉失败无法恢复断指血供的情况下,将第一掌骨背动脉与一条掌骨背侧静脉吻合作为供血通路,吻合另二条掌骨背侧静脉作为回血通路。结果术后再植指明显肿胀,背侧有大水泡形成,一周后肿胀开始消退,术后二个月,再植拇指全部成括,且色泽红润,指腹饱满,弹性良好。结论静脉动脉化是一种再植某些特殊类型全拇指完全离断可行的新方法。     

Conventional colonoscopy versus chromoendoscopy and magnifying endoscopy for the diagnosis of colorectal lesions: a comparative prospective study in 995 patients

Early endoscopic diagnosis of colorectal cancers is the best tool for the reduction of colorectal cancer mortality, but conventional colonoscopy seems unable to detect minor changes in the colorectal mucosa. The authors compare the results of conventional colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy plus magnifying endoscopy for the detection of colorectal lesions. This prospective study evaluated 995 consecutive selected patients. All patients with a previous diagnosis of colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, history of colorectal surgery, high coagulative risk or poor bowel preparation were excluded from the study. All examinations were performed by a single endoscopist. The authors compared the results of conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy with a 0.4% indigo carmine solution and magnifying endoscopy. At the end of each examination, data from ordinary and dye-spraying views were carefully recorded. A total of 202 protruding, 99 flat and 5 depressed lesions were detected. The incidence of high-grade dysplasia and early carcinoma was 9.9% for protruding lesions, 13.1% for flat lesions and 60% for depressed lesions. Chromoendoscopy revealed new neoplastic patterns not detectable at conventional endoscopy in 127 patients. This prospective study shows the high accuracy rate of chromoendoscopy for the detection of non-polypoid lesions. Chromoendoscopy could be used as a routine procedure in order to enhance the early diagnosis of colorectal cancers.     

372例亚急性甲状腺炎临床分析

目的探讨亚急性甲状腺炎的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析吉林大学中日联谊医院1962年1月至2000年1月期间收治的372例亚急性甲状腺炎患者的临床资料。结果372例亚急性甲状腺炎中129例误诊为其他甲状腺疾病,6例合并甲状腺乳头状癌。183例在发病前有上呼吸道感染病史,235例颈前区疼痛,348例发现颈前区包块,45例合并乙型肝炎病毒感染。行彩色多普勒检查、甲状腺核素扫描检查、甲状腺吸131Ⅰ率测定及细针穿刺细胞学检查,其阳性率分别为95.62%、89.66%、69.70%及89.41%,T3、T4及TSH指标也有不同程度改变。107例患者行激素加甲状腺素治疗,133例行口服肠溶阿斯匹林连续2个月以上治疗,部分患者加服优甲乐100μg/d。135例行手术治疗。结论无上呼吸道感染病史和无颈前区疼痛的亚急性甲状腺炎病例易误诊为其他甲状腺疾病。彩色多普勒、细针穿刺细胞学检查诊断率高,特异性强,是首选的检查手段;甲状腺核素扫描可以准确地反映甲状腺功能状态;检测血清中T3、T4及TSH水平可以协助诊断本病,判断疾病所处阶段。口服肠溶阿斯匹林加用优甲乐治疗本病效果良好。     

乳腺癌乳晕下亚甲兰注射检测哨兵淋巴结的临床研究

目的　评价乳晕下亚甲兰注射检测乳腺癌哨兵淋巴结。　方法　 2 0例早期乳腺癌患者应用亚甲兰乳晕下注射检测哨兵淋巴结。　结果　哨兵淋巴结检出率 95 % (19/ 2 0 )。预测腋窝淋巴结转移准确率为 94 7% (18/ 19)。　结论　乳晕下注射染料检测哨兵淋巴结为最佳途径 ,亚甲兰可以用于哨兵淋巴结检测。     

降主动脉瘤的腔内移植物治疗

目的 探讨腔内移植物治疗降主动脉瘤的可行性。方法 12例降主动脉瘤接受了血管腔内技术治疗,包括5例真性动脉瘤、6例Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤及1例假性动脉瘤。13枚支架型血管在局部（n=2)或全身麻醉（n=10)下经一侧股动脉切开安装在病变部位。结果 腔内技术成功率100％。无瘤体破裂、截瘫、脏器及肢体缺血等并发症。早期并发症：3例早期内漏血。CT及MRA随访1－30个月：5例真性动脉瘤4例被完全旷置,1例内漏转化为持续性。6例Stanford B型夹层入口4例一期封堵满意,2例少量内漏血自愈,4例假腔内完全血栓形成2,例部分形成。1例假性动脉瘤效果满意。结论 腔内移植物治疗降主动脉瘤是一种安全、可靠、实用的新方法。但其远期治疗效果有待继续观察,尤其是夹层动脉瘤的腔内治疗具有更多的不确定性。