肾移植受者生存质量的研究

[目的]研究肾移植受者的生存质量及其影响因素,为改善其生存质量提供科学依据.[方法]采用健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)对肾移植受者和健康人群进行调查.[结果]两组在精力、精神健康方面无统计学差异,在其余方面肾移植组得分低于对照组;肾移植术后1年以上者在生理机能、情感职能、生理职能得分显著高于术后1年以内的病人;医疗费支付方式是病人生存质量的影响因素.[结论]肾移植受者的生存质量除了精力、精神健康两方面外,其余方面均未达到正常人的生存质量水平;术后1年以上者的生存质量优于1年以内者;公费医疗者的生存质量优于非公费医疗者.     

Ductus venosus blood flow assessment at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation and fetal outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between abnormal ductus venosus (DV) at 11-14 weeks' gestation and chromosomal abnormalities, structural defects and fetal outcome. METHODS: DV flow-velocity waveform (DV-FVW) and nuchal translucency thickness (NT) were prospectively evaluated in 1217 singleton pregnancies. RESULTS: The DV-FVW was abnormal in 84 fetuses, NT was above the 95th centile in 160 fetuses and both markers were observed in 41 fetuses. Chromosomal defects were diagnosed in 22 fetuses. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for an abnormal karyotype were 86.4%, 86.9%, 11.9% and 99.7%, respectively, for an increased NT. These values were 68.2%, 96.9%, 31.3% and 99.3%, respectively, for DV-FVW abnormalities and 68.2%, 97.6%, 36.6% and 99.3%, respectively, when both markers were found simultaneously. Regarding structural defects, these values were 43.8%, 92.9%, 8.3% and 99.1% for an abnormal NT, 25.0%, 92.6%, 4.8% and 98.8% for DV-FVW abnormalities and 25.0%, 97.9%, 15.4% and 98.9% for both together. Considering those cases of unexplained fetal demise, the values were 44.4%, 85.9%, 5.0% and 98.9% for NT abnormalities, 22.2%, 92.6%, 4.8% and 98.6% for an abnormal DV-FVW and 22.2%, 98%, 15.4% and 98.7% for both. In cases with increased NT, the percentage of live births with normal karyotype and no major fetal structural defects decreased from 93.8% in normal DV-FVW fetuses to 77.3% in abnormal ones. CONCLUSION: DV assessment at 11-14 weeks' gestation is useful in screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities and may help to reduce the false-positive rate when combined with NT measurement. Abnormal DV-FVW is also associated with an increase in adverse perinatal outcome in fetuses with enlarged NT. However, the value of DV-FVW assessment in cases with normal NT is unclear.     

IL‐15 modulates the balance between Bcl‐2 and Bim via a Jak3/1‐PI3K‐Akt‐ERK pathway to promote CD8αα+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte survival

IL‐15 is an essential survival factor for CD8αα⁺ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) in vitro and in vivo. However, the IL‐15‐induced survival signals in primary CD8αα⁺ iIELs remains elusive. Although Bcl‐2 level in CD8αα⁺ iIELs positively correlates with IL‐15Rα expression in the intestinal epithelial cells, overexpression of Bcl‐2 only moderately restores CD8αα⁺ γδ iIELs in Il15^?/? mice. Here, we found that IL‐15 promptly activated a Jak3‐Jak1‐PI3K‐Akt pathway that led to the upregulation of Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1. This pathway also induced a delayed but sustained ERK1/2 activation, which not only was necessary for the maintenance of Bcl‐2 but also resulted in the phosphorylation of extra‐long Bim at Ser⁶⁵. The latter event facilitated the dissociation of Bim from Bcl‐2 without affecting Bim abundance in IL‐15‐treated CD8αα⁺ iIELs. Using an adoptive cell transfer approach, we found that either overexpression of Bcl‐2 or removal of Bim from CD8αα⁺ iIELs promoted their survival in Il15ra^?/? mice. Taken together, IL‐15 promotes CD8αα⁺ iIEL survival by both increasing Bcl‐2 levels and dissociating Bim from Bcl‐2 through activation of a Jak3‐Jak1‐PI3K‐Akt‐ERK1/2 pathway, which differs from a previously reported IL‐15‐induced survival signal.     

The prevalence and characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes in China

Data on the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China is scarce. We conducted a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study involving 12 hospitals from six regional cities to investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea and related risk factors, diabetic complications and comorbidities in China. Each hospital recruited at least 70 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to the endocrinology ward. A total of 880 participants were enrolled and administered overnight sleep monitoring with a portable monitor (ApneaLink^?, ResMed, San Diego, CA, USA); other information was collected from medical charts and a standardized questionnaire. In this study, 60.0% (95% confidence interval: 56.8%, 63.2%) of hospitalized patients in China with type 2 diabetes mellitus had comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 5). Only 1.5% (eight of 528) of the patients with both conditions had been diagnosed previously with obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of moderate–severe (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15) and severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 30) was estimated to be 25.6% (22.7, 28.5%) and 10.3% (8.3, 12.4%), respectively. Age, sex, body mass index, snoring, reported breath‐holding in sleep or gasping or choking arousal, sleepiness, diabetes duration, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases history were correlated significantly with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. In China, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high. Routine screening for and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is an important, but often neglected, part of the management of diabetes.     

Discontinuous unilateral involvement of 12 part core biopsies by adenocarcinoma predicts bilateral involvement of subsequent radical prostatectomy

At our institution, percent tumor burden in prostate core biopsies is quantified using variations of one of two methods. Measurement by the Aggregate method reports only adenocarcinoma and omits intervening stroma and benign prostatic glands while the Discontinuous method includes the intervening stroma and benign glands between distinct foci of adenocarcinoma. In this study, we selected cases with 12‐part core biopsies that were followed by a radical prostatectomy within two years. Interestingly, we found that when adenocarcinoma involved prostate 12‐part core biopsies and subsequent resection unilaterally, there is no significant difference in absolute percentage of tumor using either measuring method (P = 0.4). In contrast, when adenocarcinoma involved the biopsies unilaterally and subsequent prostatectomy bilaterally, the two measurement methods had a statistically significant difference in percentage scores (P = 0.002). In the study cohort, other factors including Gleason score (P = 0.88) and total number of adenocarcinoma‐involved cores (P = 0.27) did not introduce any significant correlation with bilateral involvement. In this study, we found that biopsies that discontinuously and unilaterally involve half of a prostate are much more likely to involve both lobes than those that are unilateral and present in nodular aggregates.     

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody-based therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of the effect of PIK3CA mutations in KRAS wild-type patients

Introduction

We conducted a meta-analysis to dissect the association between PIK3CA mutations (exon 9 and exon 20) and resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.

Material and methods

In 11 previously published studies, 864 cancer patients were treated with cetuximab or panitumumab-based therapy. Primary outcomes included objective response (complete response + partial response vs. stable disease + progressive disease), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We calculated the odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the risk or hazard. We found consistent and clinically substantial risk or hazard for objective response, PFS, and OS in the cetuximab or panitumumab-treated mCRC patients.

Results

PIK3CA mutations as a whole were associated with reduced response and poor PFS and OS in KRAS wild-type mCRC patients (objective response: OR = 0.42 and 95% CI 0.23–0.75; PFS: HR = 1.54 and 95% CI 1.13–2.09; and OS: HR = 1.4 and 95% CI 1.02–1.91). PIK3CA exon 9 mutations had no effect, whereas exon 20 mutations were associated with a worse outcome compared with wild types, with an OR of 0.21 (95% CI 0.05–0.93).

Conclusions

PIK3CA mutations as a whole might be useful prognostic factors for assessing clinical outcomes of anti-EGFR MoAb-based chemotherapies in KRAS wild-type mCRC patients. In particular, PIK3CA exon 20 mutations were significantly associated with lack of response.     

当归多糖对高糖状态下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨向分化的影响

目的 探讨当归多糖（ASP）对高糖状态下大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）成骨向分化的影响。方法 培养并收集第3代BMSCs进行成骨成脂分化诱导鉴定。将BMSCs分为3组进行培养：正常对照组（葡萄糖浓度5.5 mmol·L ^-1）、高糖组（葡萄糖浓度25.5 mmol·L ^-1）、ASP+高糖组（葡萄糖浓度25.5 mmol·L ^-1+40 mg·L ^-1 ASP）。CCK8检测各组BMSCs的增殖活性,茜素红染色和碱性磷酸酶活性检测成骨活性。实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测成骨标记基因Runt相关转录因子2（Runx-2）、锌指结构转录因子（Osx）、骨钙蛋白（OCN）、Ⅰ型胶原酶（COL-Ⅰ）mRNA及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路关键因子CyclinD1及β-catenin的mRNA表达。建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,将大鼠分为3组：正常对照组（正常大鼠）、糖尿病组（糖尿病大鼠）、糖尿病+ASP组（糖尿病大鼠,ASP喂养）,制备大鼠胫骨骨缺损,进行组织学检测,观察骨缺损修复情况。结果 高糖组、ASP+高糖组的BMSCs增殖高于正常对照组（P<0.05）,高糖组和ASP+高糖组二者之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。高糖组中BMSCs钙结节数量、碱性磷酸酶活性及Runx-2、OCN、Osx、COL-Ⅰ、CyclinD1、β-catenin的mRNA表达均低于正常对照组和ASP+高糖组（P<0.05）,正常对照组和ASP+高糖组之间无统计学差异（P<0.05）。组织学检测结果显示,糖尿病组骨小梁数量少于正常对照组和糖尿病+ASP组（P<0.05）,而正常对照组和糖尿病+ASP组二者之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 ASP可促进高糖状态下大鼠BMSCs的成骨分化及2型糖尿病大鼠的骨缺损修复,这种促进作用可能与Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活有关。     

髓样来源的抑制细胞在舌癌小鼠中的表达及意义

目的 评价舌癌小鼠外周血和病变部位髓样来源的抑制细胞（MDSC）的变化及意义。方法 建立4NQO舌癌小鼠模型,观察MDSC细胞在外周血的表达,同时观察T细胞亚群的表达,评价MDSC细胞与T细胞亚群及CD4⁺/ CD8⁺比例变化的相关性。观察MDSC细胞在舌黏膜病变部位的表达,并检测舌组织精氨酸酶1（ARG-1）mRNA的表达。结果 4NQO小鼠外周血中MDSC比例随着肿瘤进展显著升高（P<0.01）,外周血中MDSC比例与相应CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞的比例呈正相关,与CD4⁺/CD8⁺比呈负相关关系。4NQO小鼠异常增生区域的MDSC细胞较正常对照组有所增加,在舌癌组织内及与正常组织的交界处,均浸润了大量的MDSC细胞,而且ARG-1 mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.01）。结论 MDSC细胞在舌癌组织和外周血中的扩增可能是肿瘤进展的重要原因。MDSC细胞可能成为口腔癌免疫治疗的潜在靶点。     

国内外几种自然色义齿基托树脂主要性能比较研究

本研究选择了具有代表性的Lucitone、Meliodent、Pigeon、HO—1、HO—2等5种自然色义齿基托树脂,对其抗弯、吸水性、溶解性等主要性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:牌号为Lucitone的基托树脂冲击强度最佳,其他性能,5种义齿基托树脂没有显著的差异。     

定制旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换治疗膝部骨肿瘤19例

背景:早期的固定铰链式关节由于存在较高的假体翻修率,已逐渐被旋转铰链式人工关节所替代.定制型人工膝关节还可以更好的匹配患者的解剖形态,实现机械和解剖的多样性个体化.目的:评估定制旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换治疗膝部良恶性骨肿瘤的临床效果.方法:应用旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换治疗膝部骨肿瘤患者19例,男13例,女6例,年龄19～51岁;其中良性骨肿瘤6例,恶性骨肿瘤13例,股骨下端肿瘤15例,胫骨上端肿瘤4例.采用Enneking功能评定标准评估术后功能,复查X射线片评估假体情况与肿瘤复发.结果与结论:手术时间2.5～5.3(3.64±0.89)h,术中出血量300～800(452.63±135.88)mL.19例均获随访,随访时间3～64(30.45±21.44)个月, 仅1例局部复发,无肺部转移.膝关节活动范围伸0°,屈曲95°～140°(124.47±12.89)°,Enneking功能评分为(20.95±3.69)分,优良率为89%.结果说明定制旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换是一种有效的治疗膝部良恶性骨肿瘤的保肢方法.