几种为Authorware制作的CAI课件节省磁盘空间的方法

文章结合实践介绍了在应用Authorware制作CAI课件时,通过采用对媒体素材的压缩、程序方面的压缩和文件发布及安装时的压缩等操作,使课件“减肥”,以达到节省磁盘空间的几种措施和方法。     

Causal influences in primate cerebral cortex during visual pattern discrimination

Anatomical studies of the visual cortex demonstrate the existence of feedforward, feedback and lateral pathways among multiple cortical areas. Yet relatively little evidence has previously been available to show the causal influences of these areas on one another during visual information processing. We simultaneously recorded event-related local field potentials (LFPs) from surface-to-depth bipolar electrodes at six sites in the ventral region of the right hemisphere visual cortex in a highly trained macaque monkey during performance of a visual pattern discrimination task. Applying a new statistical measure, the short-time directed transfer function (STDTF), to the LFP data set, we charted the changing strength and direction of causal influence between these cortical sites on a fraction-of-a-second time scale. We present results showing, for the first time, the dynamics of distinct feedforward, feedback and lateral influences in the ventral portion of the primate visual cortex during visual pattern processing.     

Voluntary sucrose ingestion, like corticosterone replacement, prevents the metabolic deficits of adrenalectomy

We tested whether corticosterone replacement causes increased sucrose drinking in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats compared to sham-ADX (sham) rats. ADX rats given high doses of corticosterone drank as much sucrose as sham rats, whereas at three lower doses of corticosterone, drinking was similar between groups and was only approximately 40% of that ingested by shams. Compared to sham rats, ADX rats drinking saline, or saline and saccharin, gain weight more slowly, contain less white adipose tissue, and have higher sympathetic outflow as assessed by uncoupling protein content in brown adipose tissue. Allowing sucrose as well as saline to drink restored all of these variables to normal in ADX rats with no- or low-corticosterone. All endpoints from sucrose-drinking ADX rats with no-or low-corticosterone were indistinguishable from those in water-drinking shams. By contrast, sucrose-drinking ADX rats that were given high doses of corticosterone exhibited the usual catabolic effects of corticosterone on body weight gain and, unlike sucrose-drinking shams, were obese. We conclude that (i) high corticosterone stimulates the potability of sucrose and inhibits sympathetic stimulation of uncoupling protein; (ii) sucrose, without corticosterone, normalizes metabolic deficits in ADX rats probably through actions mediated both peripherally and by the central nervous system; and (iii) ADX rats have a distinct sucrose appetite.     

Knock down of spinal NMDA receptors reduces NMDA and formalin evoked behaviors in rat

Chronic pain remains a major health problem afflicting an estimated 70% of patients with advanced cancer and inflammatory disorders, and up to 94% of patients with spinal cord injuries. Although progress has been made in the pharmacotherapy of chronic pain management, such as usage of adjuvant drugs and more effective methods of drug delivery, the mainstay of clinical pain management still depends on opiates. NMDA receptor activation, at the level of the spinal cord has been shown to play an important role in the facilitation of nociception (pain) in several animal models. Unfortunately, potent NMDA receptor antagonists, such as MK-801 and APV, have toxic properties and low safety margins that preclude their clinical use. We present evidence which indicates that the use of antisense oligonucleotides targeted to the NMDA-R1 receptor subunit (AS-NMDA-R1), but not sense, abolishes NMDA and formalin induced behaviors. Moreover, we demonstrate that spinal administration of AS-NMDA-R1 results in the abolition of staining for immunoreactive NMDA-R1 in the spinal cord. These data provide novel evidence supporting the feasibility of the use of gene therapy approaches in the management of neuropathic pain.     

Management of patients with positive margins after cervical conization.

OBJECTIVE: To define recommended treatment in cases of positive margins on cone biopsy specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study concerned 220 conizations performed between January 1996 and June 1998. The results of 70 conizations (31.8%) with positive margins were analysed. There were 32 cold knife conizations (mean age: 43 years) and 38 conizations by the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (mean age: 33 years). RESULTS: Mean depth of conization was 15.94 mm for cold knife conization and 10.08 mm for loop electrosurgical conization. Fifteen patients were excluded (5 with invasive cancer and 10 were lost to follow-up). This study included 55 patients with a mean 12-month follow-up. Six underwent hysterectomy for mini-invasion on the specimen or advanced age. Eleven underwent a second conization (followed by hysterectomy in 2 cases). The other 38 patients were submitted to simple surveillance with cervico-vaginal cytology and colposcopic examination. The rate of residual lesions (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: CIN 3) after conization with positive margin was 14.5% (n = 8). CONCLUSION: Residual persistent dysplasia is not present in all patients after conization with positive margins. Cytology and colposcopy allow detection of dysplasia, indicating the need for a second conization. In women with no desire for further pregnancy, systematic repeat surgery must be recommended.     

我院2002～2004年降血脂药应用分析

随着人们生活水平的提高和饮食结构的改变，随着我国人民生活水平的提高和社会老龄化程度的增高，高脂血症（高脂蛋白症）的发生率不断上升，已成为一种常见性多发性疾病，而高脂血症是易致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一，动脉粥样硬化是机体衰老、血压升高、冠心病和脑血管病的危险因素。大量研究表明，调脂治疗可明显降低这些疾病的发病率及死亡率，成为临床常用的重要药物之一。本文报告了近3年（2002～2004年）我院主要降血脂药利用的动态变化，旨在为临床合理应用该类药物提供依据。     

逍遥散加减在皮肤科的应用

逍遥散由当归、白芍、白术、茯苓、炙甘草、柴胡、生姜、薄荷组成,有疏肝解郁,健脾和营之功[1].后世医家在原方基础上加减化裁,广泛应用于临床各科.凡邪在半表半里者,出现肝郁脾虚之证,均可采用,以调其偏胜,扶其不足,使病去人安.笔者临床应用逍遥散治疗肝郁不舒、克伐脾土、脾失健运、气血失和而产生的各种皮肤疾患,收到较好的疗效.     

波依定与洛汀新治疗不同中医证型高血压疗效比较

目的:观察波依定与洛汀新对不同中医证型高血压的疗效是否具有中草药的某些特征,能否按中医辨证选择抗高血压药.方法:按照WHO的标准明确高血压诊断与分级,根据<中药新药临床研究指导原则>分为4型.216例患者随机分为两组,分别给予波依定与洛汀新治疗,疗程4周.分析对总体血压和不同证型血压的影响,以及对不同症状的疗效有无差异.结果:两种药物降低患者总体血压的幅度基本相同;但分层研究,对4种中医证型患者的血压的降低程度明显不同,洛汀新对肝火亢盛型血压降低幅度更明显,波依定对痰湿壅盛型比其它三型降压更好;对阴虚阳亢型和阴阳两虚型两组之间差异无显著性.对各种证型症状的改善作用也显示同样的结果.结论:抗高血压药对不同中医证型高血压的疗效不同,表明西药也同样具有中草药的某些特性,可以根据中医辨证选择抗高血压药.     

丹参酮ⅡA对兔髂动脉球囊损伤后胶原生成抑制的效应观察

目的:观察兔髂动脉损伤后,丹参酮ⅡA治疗组中膜平滑肌细胞(SMC)周围胶原变化的趋势.方法:取体重2.5～3kg纯种雄性新西兰大白兔30只,球囊导管扩张法制作左髂动脉内膜球囊损伤模型,术后分配到治疗组和对照组.治疗组丹参酮ⅡA稀释静脉注射,疗程6天;对照组采用等量生理盐水静脉注射.术后7天、14天和28天处死实验兔,将左侧髂动脉取出制作石蜡切片,并作胶原染色.结论:术后7天治疗组和对照组胶原纤维染色均不明显,术后14天和28天对照组SMCs周围可见胶原染色阳性,红染增多;治疗组14天SMCs周围也可见红染增多,但28天红染不明显;两组差异以术后28天明显(P=0.017);胶原染色随时间变化的趋势有统计学意义(P=0.005).结论:丹参酮ⅡA有抑制血管损伤后细胞外基质堆积的作用,从而可能有防治术后再狭窄的效应.     

中医疾病证候学研究方法初探

此次调查在西医辨病的基础上,以中医辨证理论方法为核心,按照事先设计的方案,收集特定时间内膝关节骨关节炎患者的病状,先进行计量诊断确立辨证要素,再进行聚类分析及logistic回归分析等筛选出特异性较高的症状,为疾病辨证分型、辨证标准的阐明提供依据.是一种值得介绍的中医证候研究方法.