Ontogeny of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the brain and hypophysis of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis

The ontogeny of gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH)-like immunoreactive (gamma-MSHI) structures in the brain and hypophysis was investigated in the rat by means of indirect immunofluorescence. gamma-MSHI neurons in the arcuate nucleus appeared at Day 13 of gestation, in the anterior hypophysis at Day 16, in the intermediate lobe at Day 18, and in the nucleus commissuralis after birth. gamma-MSHI fibers first appeared at Day 15 of gestation in the hypothalamic area and extended dorsally to reach the surface of the diencephalon. At Day 16 of gestation, another gamma-MSHI fiber bundle was found that ran laterally along the ventral surface of the diencephalon. At Day 19, immunoreactive fibers first appeared in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain and upper pons, and thereafter they increased in number, reaching a maximum at postnatal Day 15. gamma-MSHI fibers in the lower pons and medulla oblongata first appeared after birth. They also increased in number with age and reached a maximum at postnatal Day 15. The present ontogenetical study has demonstrated the different times of first appearance of each of the 3 major gamma-MSHI structures-containing cell groups in the brain, i.e., the arcuate nucleus, hypophysis and nucleus commissuralis. These findings may reflect the different functions of 3 groups of cells.     

One-stage voice rehabilitation in total laryngectomy

The posterior wall of the upper trachea was used to make a T-E shunt. An intelligible shunt speech could thus develop two weeks postoperatively. This procedure is reliable, easy and safe, and is applicable in almost all of total laryngectomy cases. A big horizontal tuck-situated above the shunt and made of mucous membrane of the inferior pharyngeal wall and the posterior cricoid was helpful in preventing aspiration.     

Rilmenidine differs from clonidine in that it lacks histamine-like activity

Studies were carried out to determine whether rilmenidine, a recently introduced antihypertensive agent with a similar mechanism of action of clonidine, possesses histamine-like activity on tissues responding to histamine H2-receptor agonists. In guinea-pig isolated atria, both histamine and clonidine caused concentration-dependent positive chronotropic effects which were blocked by the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (5 microM); in contrast, rilmenidine produced a concentration-dependent negative chronotropic effect which was not altered by cimetidine. In stilboestrol-treated rat isolated uterus contracted by KCl, histamine and clonidine produces concentration-dependent relaxations which were blocked by cimetidine (5 microM); rilmenidine also produced relaxation, but this was not affected by cimetidine (5 microM). These findings suggest that rilmenidine, unlike clonidine, does not activate histamine H2-receptors in either guinea-pig atria or rat uterus.     

聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为的研究——Ⅳ.表面活性剂的影响

本文研究了各类表面活性剂对聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为的影响。阴离子表面活性剂使其增塑糊有较高致流值,呈明显假塑性流动;阳离子和非离子表面活性剂使其增塑糊有低的表观粘度,接近牛顿型流动。测定了聚氯乙烯粒子表面的Zeta电位和接触角,并讨论了表面活性剂影响增塑糊流变性能的机理。     

尿素氮试纸的制备和应用

血液尿素氮是肾功能最重要的观测指标之一,是临床常规和急诊不可缺少的检验项目.尿素氮的测定方法,长期以来采用湿化学分析。如二乙酰—肟法,脲酶—吲哚酚法、脲酶—谷氨酸脱氢酶偶联法等.这些方法有足够的精确性和准确性,但需昂贵的仪器设备和专业技术人员,且操作繁琐又不能应急.干化学试剂以其用血微量、操作简便、快速、易于掌握和无需特殊仪器设备等优点有效地补充了湿试剂法之不足.国外已有尿素氮试纸法报道.50-93494专利技术是以脲酶、pH指示剂和屏障体组成的尿素氮试纸.此技术的特点是不用pH缓冲剂,而用多种高分子物质组成的屏障体来控制血液pH的影响.缺点是在试纸表面形成一坚硬的甲膜,使血样不易渗入试剂层,反应产生的颜色较浅,肉眼不易分辨.     

鸡和大鼠小脑发育的比较观察

观察发育阶段不同的鸡和大鼠的小脑标本外形,并在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下观察了结构。鸡卵在孵育的第6天,小脑原基出现。第15天小脑皮质形成,普肯野氏细胞(普氏细胞)排成一层。新生鸡小脑皮质发育近成年状态,普氏细胞发育基本完成。大鼠在生后第5天小脑皮质形成,第20天发育成熟。在生后第5天普氏细胞排成一层,第20天接近成熟状态,此时在电子显微镜下显示为粗面内质网和多聚核蛋白体区域性集中分布。鸡小脑比大鼠小脑发育早,这是种属差异。     

中等职业学校教育教学管理新谈

随着教育制度的改革,中职院校的学生面貌发生了巨大变化。面对新形势,我们应科学借鉴先进的教育理念,合理设置教育目标,为职业教育改革注入新的理念和活力。     

人文化护理在产科的应用

目的 提高护理质量，提高护理对象的满意度，减少医疗护理纠纷的发生。方法 产前有计划的开办孕妇学校；住院后根据个体化需要，制定标准的教育计划、优化服务环境、营造良好的人文化氛围；分娩过程中人性化护理、工休座谈会人文化的有效沟通；出院产妇送温连心卡及随访等。结果 收到良好的效果，环境的人文化管理，使护理对象感到如同家的感觉，满意度大大提高，产程的人文化实施，更体现了人性化护理。结论 产科人文化护理的实施，不但密切了护患关系，提高护理管理水平和护理质量，还使护士完善了社会形象，提高了社会地位，实现了自我价值。