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981.
Certain barriers prevent some cigarette smokers from attempting to quit, particularly the fear of post-cessation weight gain. This investigation was an open label study of naltrexone hydrochloride (25 mg/day) in combination with sustained-release (SR) bupropion hydrochloride (300 mg/day) for smoking cessation and minimization of post-quit weight gain in weight-concerned smokers. The study sample (n=20) was compared to matched controls (n=20) who received an identical psychosocial intervention and bupropion SR treatment regimen. The primary outcomes analyzed were: (a) biochemically verified continuous abstinence from smoking over the 6-week treatment, (b) point prevalence abstinence in the last 7 days of treatment, and (c) weight gain from baseline. Neither adherence to the combination pharmacotherapy nor the percentage of patients reporting adverse events differed significantly between the two groups nor were there differences in either continuous or point prevalence abstinence from smoking. Although not statistically significant in this small sample, continuously abstinent participants in the naltrexone+bupropion group gained less weight (mean=1.67 lb) than those in the bupropion only group (mean=3.17 lb; p=.35; Cohen's d=0.56). The results of this preliminary study suggest that combining naltrexone and bupropion may help minimize post-cessation weight gain, but does not result in higher smoking cessation rates compared to bupropion alone. The effect size for the difference in weight gain among continuously abstinent participants was in the moderate range, suggesting that this treatment deserves further study in an appropriately powered clinical trial as an adjunct for weight-concerned smokers, who may value the weight-suppressant effect of naltrexone. 相似文献
982.
Eric Pujade-Lauraine Keiichi Fujiwara Jonathan A Ledermann Amit M Oza Rebecca Kristeleit Isabelle-Laure Ray-Coquard Gary E Richardson Cristiana Sessa Kan Yonemori Susana Banerjee Alexandra Leary Anna V Tinker Kyung Hae Jung Radoslaw Madry Sang-Yoon Park Charles K Anderson Fabian Zohren Ross A Stewart Bradley J Monk 《The lancet oncology》2021,22(7):1034-1046
983.
Erik J. Nelson USAF MC Thomas E. Grissom USAF MC 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》1996,12(6):429-432
Objective. This study sought to determine whether continuous gastric suctioning influences esophageal temperature measurements.Methods. This study evaluated 21 patients scheduled for extremity or lower abdominal surgery. After induction of general endotracheal anesthesia, an orogastric tube, and esophageal and nasopharyngeal temperature probes were placed in functional positions. Baseline esophageal (Tes) and nasopharyngeal (Tnas) temperatures were recorded and the orogastric tube was placed on continuous suction. After the first 11 patients (Group I) were studied, 10 additional patients (Group II) were studied with more frequent data collection to improve the time resolution of temperature changes. Temperatures were recorded for patients in Group I at 2 and 10 min with suctioning and 10 min after cessation of suctioning. In Group II, temperatures were recorded at 1, 2, 5 and 10 min with suctioning and 10 min after cessation of suctioning. Analysis of data was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance and pairedt-tests with the Bonferroni correction.Results. In Group I, Tes decreased significantly from 35.9 ± 0.2 °C (mean ± SE) to 35.1 ± 0.4 °C at 2 min and 34.8 ± 0.3 °C at 10 min of suctioning (p < 0.01). Ten minutes after cessation of suctioning, Tes was not significantly different from the baseline measurement. Tnas did not change significantly over the 20 min observation period. In Group II, Tes continually decreased from 36.2 ± 0.1 °C to 34.8 ± 0.3 °C after 10 min of suctioning (p < 0.006) and returned to near baseline 10 min after cessation of suctioning. There was no significant change in Tnas over the 20 min observation period.Conclusion. We conclude that continuous gastric suctioning decreases esophageal temperature measurements. This phenomenon should be recognized as an artifactual change in esophageal temperature and not a reflection of core temperature.This study was presented, in part, at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Atlants, GA, October 1995. 相似文献
984.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the health behaviors and perceived health status of child care providers. Health behaviors and health status were also examined in relation to caring for children and the providers' perceptions of quality child care. A researcher-developed questionnaire, adapted from Williams, Mason, and Wold (2001), was mailed to a random sample of 1,000 child care providers employed in 49 child care centers in Georgia. Results indicated that, overall, the sample was a healthy population with 86.8% rating their health as good to excellent. Seventy-three percent (73%) received a physical exam annually, and 70% reported having health insurance. Despite these ratings, participants reported that they were overweight, were emotionally strained, and did not engage in physical exercise at least 3 times per week. Although most performed breast self-exams, the majority did not fully understand breast health practices. Furthermore, the majority of the child care providers (78.7%) believed that their health does not impact the care that they provide to children. Last, their definitions of quality of care for children suggested a minimal standard of care or less. These findings provide information that can be useful in designing occupational health programs within community child care settings and in promoting healthy behaviors in women. 相似文献
985.
Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
LD Gillespie WJ Gillespie MC Robertson SE Lamb RG Cumming BH Rowe 《Physiotherapy》2003,89(12):692-693
986.
Jairaj Chaitra Fitzsimons Clara Mai McAuliffe Fionnuala M. O’Leary Niamh Joyce Niamh McCarthy Anthony Cassidy Eugene Donnelly Jennifer Tully Elizabeth Imcha Mendinaro Austin Jackie Doolin Kelly Farrell Chloe O’Keane Veronica 《Archives of women's mental health》2019,22(3):349-355
Archives of Women's Mental Health - Ireland has the second-highest birth rate in Europe and poorly developed perinatal psychiatry services. There are no screening services for antenatal... 相似文献
987.
Deepti Chittamuru Larry D. Icard John B. JemmottIII Ann O’Leary 《Archives of sexual behavior》2018,47(7):2081-2090
Studies show that having sex with multiple partners increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. The present article reports prospective predictors of having multiple sexual partners among 505 African American men in Philadelphia who have sex with men (MSM) who participated in an intervention trial and attended a 6-month follow-up. Participants completed audio computer-assisted surveys of demographics, sexual behavior, and Reasoned Action Approach and Social Cognitive Theory mediators concerning multiple partners. We analyzed the incidence of self-reported multiple partners at the 6-month follow-up, controlling for treatment condition and baseline levels of the theoretical variables. The odds of having multiple partners decreased with increasing age (p?<?.03). Participants who said they were HIV positive had lower odds of having multiple partners (p?<?.009). The more pride participants reported in their identities as black or African American men, the lower the odds that they reported having multiple partners (p?<?.02). Adverse outcome expectancies accruing to multiple partners fully mediated the effect of black pride and partially mediated the effects of age on the odds of having multiple partners. Modifiable factors such as perceived negative outcome expectancies regarding having multiple sex partners should be addressed in designing interventions and prevention programs with the goal of decreasing the number of sexual partners among African American MSM. 相似文献
988.
Catherine Hui Min Lee Jean OLeary Phyllis Kirk Timothy A. Lower 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2018,50(4):379-387.e1
Objective
Determining the effect of the Loving Support Peer Counseling Program (LSPCP), and characteristics of participants on breastfeeding (BF) outcomes at Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) agencies in Washington State.Design
Nonrandomized treatment vs control.Setting
Public Health–Seattle and King County (PHSKC), Catholic Health Initiatives Franciscan Medical Group (CHIFMG).Participants
Women enrolled in WIC (intervention: PHSKC, n?=?15,290; CHIFMG, n?=?3,582).Interventions
Clinics with a LSPCP.Main Outcome Measures
BF initiation and BF duration of all infants who turned 8 months old during the reported period.Analysis
Two-tailed binomial test and tree-based regression.Results
Both PHSKC and CHIFMG clinics with a LSPCP expressed significant (P?<?.001) improvement in BF initiation and BF duration for >6 months. The likelihood that women enrolled in WIC would initiate BF at PHSKC clinics increased by 3%, whereas those in CHIFMG clinics increased by 6.8%. Women receiving services in smaller PHSKC clinics (n?<?60 women) were likely to breastfeed their infants at >1 week. The proportionalities of non-Hispanic and black participants in PHSKC clinics were the primary and secondary predictors of the likelihood of BF discontinuing between 7 and 28 days' duration. In addition, clinics serving participants who spoke Tigrigna had increased rates of BF for a minimum of 6 months.Conclusions and Implications
Findings may be used to reevaluate funding allocations, secure grants to reduce program constraints to stabilize LSPCP, develop strategies to reduce BF cessation at larger clinics, and improve peer counseling and other BF support to black and non-Hispanic women in the early postpartum period. The findings contribute to the study of the effects of LSPCP on BF initiation and duration while furthering a scholarly understanding of the way in which the WIC program interacts with participant characteristics at 2 local WIC agencies in Washington State. 相似文献989.
Chuenlei Parng Pratap Singh Debra D. Pittman Katherine Wright Beth Leary Sunita Patel-Hett Swapnil Rakhe James Stejskal Marjorie Peraza Dawn Dufield John E. Murphy Rob Webster 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(7):1995-2004
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) exhibits multiple isoforms, which are known to present in multiple locations such as plasma, endothelium, and platelets. TFPI is an endogenous negative modulator of the coagulation pathway, and therefore, neutralization of TFPI function can potentially increase coagulation activity. A human monoclonal antibody, PF-06741086, which interacts with all isoforms of TFPI is currently being tested in clinic for treating hemophilia patients with and without inhibitors. To support clinical development of PF-06741086, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of PF-06741086 were characterized in monkeys. In addition, a mechanistic model approach was used to estimate PK parameters in monkeys and simulate PK profiles in human. The results show that PF-06741086 exhibited target-mediated drug disposition and had specific effects on various hemostatic markers including diluted prothrombin time, thrombin generation, and thrombin-antithrombin complex in monkeys after administration. The model-predicted and observed human exposures were compared retrospectively, and the result indicates that the exposure prediction was reasonable within less than 2-fold deviation. This study demonstrated in vivo efficacy of PF-06741086 in monkeys and the utility of a rational mechanistic approach to describe PK for a monoclonal antibody with complex target binding. 相似文献
990.