Evaluation of Videophone Communication for Families of Hospitalized Children

This study evaluated videophones as a means of support among families who had limited access to their hospitalized children due to geographic separation. These videophones facilitated video-mediated communication between the hospital and the family home. Qualitative interviews explored the outcomes and processes related to videophone use for a subsample of 14 participants. Content analysis identified six themes: being in hospital far from home is “draining,” vicarious growth and the recalibration of priorities, “it's like you're right there,” source of happiness in a hard place, ease of videophone use, and limitations of the videophone. Participants reported that family separation during pediatric hospitalization was very difficult, and use of the videophones mitigated these effects through decreasing feelings of isolation and anxiety, and increasing feelings of connection between family members.     

Vertebral fractures despite normal spine bone mineral density in a boy with nephrotic syndrome

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are associated with fragility fractures in children with various chronic illnesses. The impact of GCs on bone health in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is less well understood. Here we report skeletal findings in a 10-year-old boy with steroid-sensitive NS who presented with back pain due to vertebral fractures 5 years after NS diagnosis. Spine radiographs showed a Genant grade 2 fracture at T7 and a grade 1 fracture at T8. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) revealed a lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score of −0.5 and a total body areal BMD Z-score of −0.4. Quantitative transiliac bone histomorphometry revealed low trabecular bone volume and cortical width but no osteomalacia. Our findings show the potential for significant bone morbidity due to osteoporosis in steroid-sensitive NS treated with intermittent GC therapy and emphasize that vertebral fractures may be an underrecognized complication. Furthermore, our report highlights that vertebral fractures can be associated with normal spine areal BMD in this context, suggesting that DXA-based, anteroposterior areal BMD should not be relied upon exclusively for assessing bone health and disease in children with steroid-sensitive NS.     

Information needs of case managers caring for persons living with HIV

Objective

The goals of this study were to explore the information needs of case managers who provide services to persons living with HIV (PLWH) and to assess the applicability of the Information Needs Event Taxonomy in a new population.

Design

The study design was observational with data collection via an online survey.

Measurements

Responses to open-ended survey questions about the information needs of case managers (n=94) related to PLWH of three levels of care complexity were categorized using the Information Needs Event Taxonomy.

Results

The most frequently identified needs were related to patient education resources (33%), patient data (23%), and referral resources (22%) accounting for 79% of all (N=282) information needs.

Limitations

Study limitations include selection bias, recall bias, and a relatively narrow focus of the study on case-manager information needs in the context of caring for PLWH.

Conclusion

The study findings contribute to the evidence base regarding information needs in the context of patient interactions by: (1) supporting the applicability of the Information Needs Event Taxonomy and extending it through addition of a new generic question; (2) providing a foundation for the addition of context-specific links to external information resources within information systems; (3) applying a new approach for elicitation of information needs; and (4) expanding the literature regarding addressing information needs in community-based settings for HIV services.     

Neonatal and delivery outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis

Objective:

To determine (1) whether the risk of adverse neonatal and delivery outcomes differs between mothers with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) and (2) whether risk is differentially associated with clinical factors of MS.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the British Columbia (BC) MS Clinics' database and the BC Perinatal Database Registry. Comparisons were made between births to women with MS (n = 432) and to a frequency‐matched sample of women without MS (n = 2,975) from 1998 to 2009. Outcomes included gestational age, birth weight, assisted vaginal delivery, and Caesarean section. Clinical factors examined included age at MS onset, disease duration, and disability. Multivariate regression models adjusting for confounding factors were built for each outcome.

Results:

Babies born to MS mothers did not have a significantly different mean gestational age or birth weight compared to babies born to mothers without MS. MS was not significantly associated with assisted vaginal delivery (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–1.16; p = 0.20) or Caesarean section (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.69–1.28; p = 0.69). There was a slightly elevated risk of adverse delivery outcomes among MS mothers with greater levels of disability, although findings were not statistically significant. Disease duration and age at MS onset were not significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

Interpretation:

This study provides reassurance to MS patients that maternal MS is generally not associated with adverse neonatal and delivery outcomes. However, the suggestion of an increased risk with greater disability warrants further investigation; these women may require closer monitoring during pregnancy. ANN NEUROL 2011;