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101.
Neurological Sciences - Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical pathologies. The recurrence of chronic subdural haematomas is an important concern, considering...  相似文献   
102.

Objective

To analyse and understand vaccination hesitancy discourses, particularly those of people who have decided not to vaccinate their sons and daughters.

Methods

Qualitative study of five individual interviews and two focus groups with people who chose not to vaccinate their children in the province of Granada (Spain).

Results

Mothers and fathers manifest a system of health beliefs different to the biomedical paradigm. From an ethical point of view, they justify their position based on the right to autonomy and responsibility for their decisions. Alleged specific reasons: they doubt administration of several vaccines simultaneously at an early age in a systematic way and without individualising each case; they fear adverse effects and do not understand the variations of the vaccination schedule.

Conclusions

These vaccination hesitancy discourses respond to the individual vs collective conflict; parents defend their right to bring up their children without any interference from the state and focus their responsibility on the individual welfare of their sons and daughters, regardless of the consequences that their actions might have on the collective. In their management of risks, they consider those derived from vaccination more relevant than the individual or collective consequences of not doing so. The vaccines generating most doubts are the more controversial ones within the scientific world. Transparency in communication of adverse effects; authorities respect for other health/disease concepts; banishment of the term “anti-vaccines” from the media and scientific vocabulary, and developing spaces for dialogue are bridges to be built.  相似文献   
103.
IntroductionPeople with Down syndrome (DS) have high respiratory morbidity, evaluating their respiratory health with standardized, objective tests is desirable. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical quality of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) to determine which ones are most suitable for this population.MethodsParticipants included children, teenagers and adults with DS, 5 years of age or older (n = 302). The technical quality of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS), forced spirometry, lung-diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were analyzed by age group. Capnography and pulse oximetry were included in the study. Technical quality was determined on the basis of current international PFTs standards.ResultsFifty-one percent of participants were males. A total of 184 participants (71%) who completed the IOS fulfilled the quality criteria, while 210 (70%) completed the 6MWT. Performance on forced spirometry and DLCO was poor. All pulse oximetries and 96% percent heart rates obtained had good quality, but exhaled carbon dioxide (PetCO2) and respiratory rate (RR) showed deficient repeatability.ConclusionsIOS appears to be the most reliable instrument for evaluating lung mechanics in individuals with DS.  相似文献   
104.
Drug‐induced reactions are complications associated with high mortality and significant morbidity. Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are examples of these conditions, which are characterized by skin and mucous lesions. Here, we report a case of a 9‐year‐old girl who presented with blisters associated with an extensive vesicular rash and multiple ulcerations on the lips and oral cavity. A drug‐induced hypersensitivity reaction to antibiotics was suspected, and a diagnosis of TEN was made. The patient was managed with withdrawal of the suspected causative agent, and the oral lesions were treated with low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) and oral hygiene. This case highlights that TEN requires interdisciplinary intervention with dental assistance and follow‐up to improve symptoms, nutrition, systemic condition, and quality of life.  相似文献   
105.
106.
107.

Background Context

Long-term follow-up of patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) is essential in both modern spinal care and research. Lack of time and staff are commonly reported barriers to implementing long-term follow-up of PROM. Automated and digital follow-up systems for PROM collection are seeing widespread use, yet their validity and comparative effectiveness have never been evaluated.

Purpose

The present study aimed to assess the validity of digital follow-up systems in comparison with the conventional paper-based follow-up (PB-FU).

Study Design

This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected double follow-up data.

Patient Sample

Patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion for spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease between 2013 and 2016 were included in the study.

Outcome Measures

The study determined the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for back and leg pain severity at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months.

Materials and Methods

After lumbar spinal fusion surgery, a double follow-up of PROM was carried out by conventional PB-FU during clinical visits, while simultaneously completing an automatically dispatched digital follow-up questionnaire. As the primary end point, we assessed the intraindividual discrepancy in PROM between PB-FU and automated digital follow-up (AD-FU).

Results

Forty patients completed all parts of the dual follow-up trajectory and were analyzed. We detected no discrepancy in ODI or NRS for back and leg pain severity at any of the baseline, 6-week, 12-month, or 24 month follow-ups (all p>.05). This was confirmed in a sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

In an analysis of dual paper-based and digital follow-up after lumbar fusion surgery, patients report highly similar values using either method of follow-up. It appears that AD-FU without incentives produces lower response rates. To reassess the validity of these systems for data collection in spinal patient care, a prospective validation with higher statistical power is warranted.  相似文献   
108.
109.

Introduction

The nature of community pharmacy is changing, shifting from the preparation and distribution of medicines to the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS); however, often the provision of traditional services leaves little time for innovative services. This study investigated the time community pharmacists spend on the tasks and activities of daily practice and to what extent they are able to implement CPS-related services in daily practice.

Methods

Self-reporting work sampling was used to register the activities of community pharmacists. A smartphone application, designed specifically for this purpose, alerted participants to register their current activity five times per working day for 6 weeks. Participants also completed an online survey about baseline characteristics.

Results

Ninety-one Dutch community pharmacists provided work-sampling data (7848 registered activities). Overall, 51.5% of their time was spent on professional activities, 35.4% on semi-professional activities, and 13.1% on non-professional activities. The proportion of time devoted to CPS decreased during the workweek, whereas the time spent on traditional task increased.

Discussion and conclusion

This study shows it is feasible to collect work-sampling data using smartphone technology. Community pharmacists spent almost half of their time on semi-professional and non-professional activities, activities that could be delegated to other staff members. In practice, the transition to CPS is hampered by competing traditional tasks, which prevents community pharmacists from profiling themselves as pharmaceutical experts in daily practice.  相似文献   
110.

Background

Radium 223 was introduced for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer based on the results of a randomized controlled trial showing risk reduction for death and skeletal events. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of patients receiving radium 223 in a real-world setting.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis in the Triveneto region of Italy.

Results

One hundred fifty-eight patients received radium 223 in our region. After a median follow-up of 9.5 months, 75 patients died. The median overall survival (OS) was 14.2 months, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.2 months. Seventy-one (45%) patients achieved progression as best response. Thirty-seven (23%) patients stopped the treatment early because of progression. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was prognostic for OS (18.4 vs. 12.3 vs. 7.5 months; 0 vs. 1, P = .0062; 0 vs. 2, P = .0002), whereas previous prostatectomy or docetaxel exposure were not. A neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio ≥ 3 significantly impacted OS (18.1 vs. 9.7 months; P < .001) and slightly impacted PFS (6.6 vs. 5.6 months; P = .05). Patients with a baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) value ≥ 220 U/L had worse OS and PFS (24.1 vs. 10.5 months; 7.2 vs. 5.5 months; P < .001). Patients with changes in ALP value achieved better OS (P = .029) and PFS (P = .002). There was no difference according to the line of therapy (0 vs. ≥ 1; P = .490). The main grade 3/4 toxicities were anemia, asthenia, and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion

This large real-world report confirms comparable OS and PFS data when compared with the pivotal study, as well as the predictive role of ALP and neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio. The definition of the optimal position of radium 223 in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has still to be defined.  相似文献   
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