Restricted field of view magnetic resonance imaging of a dynamic time series.

A restricted field of view (rFOV) approach for imaging a dynamic time series of volumes of limited spatial extent within a larger subject is described. The shorter readout with rFOV-MRI can be exploited to either limit image artifacts or increase spatial resolution. To accomplish rFOV imaging of a multislice volume for a dynamic series, an outer volume suppression (OVS) preparation that saturates signal external to a cylinder through the subject is followed by slice-selective excitation and a spiral readout. The pass- and stopband efficiencies of the OVS in an agar gel phantom were 97% (+/-1.5%) and 3% (+/-1%), respectively. Profiles of the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured in a phantom and an adult brain. The rFOV sequence reduced distortions from off-resonance signal and T2*-induced blurring compared to a conventional sequence. Sequence utility is demonstrated for high-resolution rFOV functional MRI (fMRI) in the visual cortex. The rFOV sequence may prove to be useful for other multislice dynamic and high-resolution imaging applications.     

Assessing impairment in patients with panic disorder: the Sheehan Disability Scale

Summary The DSM-III-R incorporates both distress (symptoms) and disability (impairment) in the definition of a psychiatric disorder. In psychiatric research there is a wide array of instruments used to measure symptom severity, but a limited selection for the assessment of impairment. The psychometric properties of one such instrument, The Sheehan Disability Scale (Sheehan 1983), are evaluated in this paper. The data analyzed come from two studies of patients with panic disorder, the Cross National Collaborative Panic Study-Phase I and the Panic Depression Study. In this report both the alpha coefficients and factor analyses indicate that the reliability of the scale is acceptable. The factor structure of the items and the sensitivity to change of their composite demonstrate satisfactory construct validity. The criterion-related validity is substantiated by the significant relationship between symptomatology and impairment. These analyses were limited to patients with panic disorder. Further work is needed to evaluate the instrument in assessing patients with other disorders.     

BIBLIOTHERAPY

Bibliotherapy is the use of literature to help heal. It can be an effective intervention for nurse-midwives to use with clients. Presented is a discussion of how to do bibliotherapy and an annotated bibliography of resources.