Fathers’ contributions to the management of their child’s long‐term medical condition: a narrative review of the literature

Context Fathers’ contributions to the management of long‐term childhood medical conditions are under‐represented in the literature; therefore, the full extent of their involvement is poorly understood by practitioners and researchers, so strategies for promoting their involvement have not yet been fully considered. Objective To review studies of fathers’ actual contributions in a wide range of conditions, the potential to optimize their contribution through additional interventions by health professionals and a direction for future research. Design Narrative review of the literature. Methods CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo and ERIC databases were searched electronically between the years 1995–2008. The terms adherence, adjustment, child, chronic, compliance, concordance, condition, coping, disease, father, illness, information, long‐term, management/intervention, mother, role, self‐care and treatment were searched for separately and in combination. English language papers reporting primary research were selected and supplemented by hand‐searching reference lists. Thirty‐five papers (arising from 29 studies) met criteria and were selected for narrative review. Results Five themes were identified: (i) the impact of long‐term conditions on fathers’ ability to promote their child’s well‐being, (ii) factors influencing fathers’ involvement in health care, (iii) personal growth/beneficial effects for fathers, (iv) the impact of father’s involvement on family functioning and (v) strategies that increase fathers’ participation in their child’s health care and in research investigating fathers’ participation. Conclusions The review suggests that fathers’ involvement in children’s health care can positively impact on fathers’, mothers’ and children’s well‐being and family functioning. A range of strategies are identified to inform the promotion of fathers’ contributions and future research investigating their input.     

Risk management and legal issues with the use of social media in the healthcare setting

Social media have infiltrated all of our lives, both personally and professionally. Most of us could never have envisioned the impact that social media have had on us, particularly in the healthcare arena. Who would have thought even five years ago that a discussion on the ASHRM exchange would involve the use of Twitter in the operating room or that a physician would be reprimanded by a state medical board and have her privileges revoked due to posting information online about a trauma patient? In the coming years, social media use will only increase, causing concern for risk managers across the continuum. Furthermore, although case law and statutory regulations addressing the use of social media are minimal today, it is anticipated that we will see legal challenges to this evolving medium in the future.     

A Comparative Study of a Preservative-Free Latanoprost Cationic Emulsion (Catioprost) and a BAK-Preserved Latanoprost Solution in Animal Models

Abstract Purpose: Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a common preservative in eye drops, can induce ocular surface toxicity that may decrease glaucoma therapy compliance. The ocular hypotensive effect, pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles, and local tolerance of a preservative-free latanoprost 0.005% cationic emulsion (Catioprost(?)), and a BAK-preserved latanoprost 0.005% solution (Xalatan(?)), were compared. Methods: The ocular hypotensive effect was evaluated in monkeys with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by laser photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork. Each monkey (n=8) received both latanoprost formulations once daily for 5 consecutive treatment days in a crossover design with at least a 2-week washout period between treatments. IOP was measured at baseline (on day 1, no instillation), on vehicle treatment day (day 0), and on treatment days 1, 3, and 5 before drug instillation and then hourly for 6?h. In rabbits, the ocular and systemic concentrations of latanoprost free acid were determined following a single instillation and the local tolerance of twice daily instillations over 28 days was assessed. Results: Both the preservative-free and BAK-preserved latanoprost formulations shared the same efficacy profile with the maximum IOP reduction occurring 2?h after each morning dose (-15%, -20%, and -26%; -15%, -23%, and -23% on days 1, 3, and 5, respectively) and lasting through 24?h. The equivalence in efficacy was confirmed by the PK data demonstrating similar area under the curves (AUCs). While both formulations were well tolerated, the incidence of conjunctival hyperemia was reduced by 42% with the BAK-free latanoprost cationic emulsion. Conclusions: In animal models, a preservative-free latanoprost cationic emulsion was as effective as Xalatan(?) for lowering IOP with an improved ocular tolerance profile.