Sensitive skin evaluation in the Japanese population

Sensitive skin syndrome was first described in 1977; however, no robust study has been carried out to evaluate its prevalence in Japan. A national representative sample of the Japanese population over the age of 18 years was taken. Individuals were questioned by telephone and selected according to the quota method. When asked “Do you have a sensitive skin?”, 52.84% of men and 55.98% of women answered “rather sensitive” or “very sensitive”. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) between the two sexes. The non‐response rate among respondents was zero, suggesting that the term “sensitive skin” held a meaning for the majority of the population. Concerning questions about the onset of a rash, tingling or irritation in the presence of various factors, such as emotional issues, cold, heat, sun, dry air, air‐conditioning, water, air pollution and temperature variations, respondents with rather sensitive or very sensitive skin responded “yes” more often than others: approximately three‐times more often for water (18.97%/6.15%), air pollution (39.29%/12.45%) and warm climatic conditions (29.74%/9.8%). To our knowledge, this epidemiological study is the first to focus on sensitive skin among Japanese people of this century. It is of particular interest for two reasons: (i) it was conducted on a representative sample of the Japanese population; and (ii) the methodology used was identical to that used for sensitive skin assessment studies conducted in Europe and the USA, making it possible to draw certain comparisons.     

克罗米芬联合促卵泡素治疗30例多囊卵巢综合征的疗效分析

目的探讨分析克罗米芬联合促卵泡素在多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）治疗中的疗效。方法回顾性分析该院就诊并确诊为PCOS的患者共60例,随机数法分为两组,对照组治疗方案：克罗米芬＋人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）,观察组治疗方案：克罗米芬＋促卵泡素＋人绝经期促性腺激素（HMG）＋HCG,排卵后黄体酮支持治疗两周,比较两组患者促排卵疗效。结果观察组患者排卵率和妊娠率均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;观察组患者治疗总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论克罗米芬联合促卵泡素治疗PCOS促排卵疗效确切,能够有效提高排卵率和妊娠率,推荐临床推广应用。     

呼和浩特市区餐饮单位的餐具消毒效果

目的了解呼和浩特市餐饮单位餐具消毒状况,分析不同规模餐饮单位餐具消毒效果。方法采用大肠菌群快速检测纸片法,抽取2005-2007年本市餐饮单位消毒后备用餐具进行检测。结果3年共检测餐具7957份,合格率为64.28％;大、中、小型餐饮单位合格率分别为74.59％、65.32％和36.33％;大中专院校食堂合格率为68.21％。结论呼和浩特市餐具消毒总体合格率较低,应加大执法力度,加强监测频率,尤其要督促搞好学校食堂餐具消毒工作。     

Diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers: A Canadian Thoracic Society and Canadian Paediatric Society position paper

Asthma often starts before six years of age. However, there remains uncertainty as to when and how a preschool-age child with symptoms suggestive of asthma can be diagnosed with this condition. This delays treatment and contributes to both short- and long-term morbidity. Members of the Canadian Thoracic Society Asthma Clinical Assembly partnered with the Canadian Paediatric Society to develop a joint working group with the mandate to develop a position paper on the diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers.In the absence of lung function tests, the diagnosis of asthma should be considered in children one to five years of age with frequent (≥8 days/month) asthma-like symptoms or recurrent (≥2) exacerbations (episodes with asthma-like signs). The diagnosis requires the objective document of signs or convincing parent-reported symptoms of airflow obstruction (improvement in these signs or symptoms with asthma therapy), and no clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis. The characteristic feature of airflow obstruction is wheezing, commonly accompanied by difficulty breathing and cough. Reversibility with asthma medications is defined as direct observation of improvement with short-acting ß₂-agonists (SABA) (with or without oral corticosteroids) by a trained health care practitioner during an acute exacerbation (preferred method). However, in children with no wheezing (or other signs of airflow obstruction) on presentation, reversibility may be determined by convincing parental report of a symptomatic response to a three-month therapeutic trial of a medium dose of inhaled corticosteroids with as-needed SABA (alternative method), or as-needed SABA alone (weaker alternative method). The authors provide key messages regarding in whom to consider the diagnosis, terms to be abandoned, when to refer to an asthma specialist and the initial management strategy. Finally, dissemination plans and priority areas for research are identified.     

Epidemiology and treatment of the metabolic syndrome

Recent definitions of the metabolic syndrome from the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) have given us a clearer picture of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and the risks it poses for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Solid epidemiological and trial evidence support lifestyle changes as the main modifiable risk factors, including abdominal obesity, sedentary lifestyle and a diet rich in saturated fat and low in fiber content, in the treatment of individual components of the metabolic syndrome. Physical activity may prevent the metabolic syndrome as defined by the WHO and NCEP, but the evidence for lifestyle changes using these definitions is still sparse. No trials on the treatment of the metabolic syndrome to prevent diabetes have been published. However, both the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study and the Diabetes Prevention Program found that moderate lifestyle interventions in persons with impaired glucose tolerance, a condition related to the metabolic syndrome, decreased the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 58%. Some drugs may also prevent diabetes. Further research on lifestyle modifications in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, and on how best to promote lifestyle changes, is needed. In the meantime, efforts to curb obesity and overweight, increase physical activity and improve compliance with current dietary recommendations should continue.     

脑卒中患者医院感染的临床分析及预防对策

在我国大规模人群调查显示，脑卒中年发病率为109．7～217/10万，且随年龄而增长，脑卒中患者为医院感染的高危人群，其感染发生率明显高于其他疾病。为了解脑卒中患者的医院感染危险因素，预防和控制医院感染的发生，现对海安肿瘤医院院收治的396例脑卒中患者病历资料进行调查，分析脑卒中患者医院感染的危险因素和特点，为有效控制院内感染提供依据。     

The global burden of headache in children and adolescents – developing a questionnaire and methodology for a global study

Background

Burden of headache has been assessed in adults in countries worldwide, and is high, but data for children and adolescents are sparse. The objectives of this study were o develop a questionnaire and methodology for the global estimation of burden of headache in children and adolescents, to test these in use and to present preliminary data.

Methods

We designed structured questionnaires for mediated-group self-administration in schools by children aged 6-11 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years. In two pilot studies, we offered the questionnaires to pupils in Vienna and Istanbul. We performed face-to-face interviews in a randomly selected subsample of 199 pupils to validate the headache diagnostic questions.

Results

Data were collected from 1,202 pupils (mean 13.9 ± 2.4 years; 621 female, 581 male). The participation rate was 81.1% in Istanbul, 67.2% in Vienna. The questionnaire proved acceptable: ≤5% of participants disagreed partially or totally with its length, comprehensibility or simplicity. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values ranged between 0.71 and 0.76 for migraine and between 0.61 and 0.85 for tension-type headache (TTH). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83. The 1-year prevalence of headache was 89.3%, of migraine 39.3% and of TTH 37.9%. The prevalence of headache on ≥15 days/month was 4.5%. One fifth (20.7%) of pupils with headache lost ≥1 day of school during the preceding 4 weeks and nearly half (48.8%) reported ≥1 day when they could not do activities they had wanted to. The vast majority of pupils with headache experienced difficulties in coping with headache and in concentrating during headache. Quality of life was poorer in pupils with headache than in those without.

Conclusion

These pilot studies demonstrate the usefulness of the questionnaires and feasibility of the methodology for assessing the global burden of headache in children and adolescents, and predict substantial impact of headache in these age groups.     

Association of waist and hip circumference with 12-year progression of carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that waist and hip circumferences together provide additional information on the progression of preclinical atherosclerosis beyond either of them alone in elderly women. DESIGN: A 12-year follow-up study. SUBJECTS: A population-based sample of 102 women 60-70 years of age at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Waist and hip circumferences and body mass index (BMI) were assessed and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was quantified noninvasively by ultrasonography. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the 12-year carotid IMT progression across the thirds of waist circumference (0.080, 0.277, 0.279 mm, P=0.02 for difference) and hip circumference (0.030, 0.342, 0.260 mm, P=0.001 for difference) adjusted for conventional risk factors (age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, serum low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose). The association of waist circumference with IMT progression was not significant after further adjustment for hip circumference or BMI. Further adjustment for waist circumference and BMI did not change the association of hip circumference with IMT progression. The IMT progression was greatest in women with waist circumference >83 cm and hip circumference 相似文献