游离黏膜组织重建尿道治疗复杂性尿道狭窄的临床研究

目的 探讨利用游离黏膜一期尿道成形治疗复杂性尿道狭窄或闭锁的疗效。方法 2000年8月至2004年7月采用2种游离黏膜一期尿道成形术治疗73例复杂性尿道狭窄。术前42例已行耻骨上膀胱造瘘，余31例最大尿流率1．2～6．5ml／s。用游离结肠黏膜(n=22)重建尿道长10～18cm，平均13cm；用口腔黏膜(n=51)重建尿道长3～11cm，平均5cm。术后随访分别行逆行尿道造影及尿流率，部分患者行尿道镜检查。结果随访2～48个月，平均19个月。术后排尿通畅67例(91．8％)。发生再次狭窄4例，其中结肠黏膜重建者1例，口腔黏膜重建者3例；排尿欠畅2例，定期行尿道扩张；尿道皮肤瘘2例；结肠腹壁瘘1例。1例结肠黏膜重建尿道者术后47个月移植物活检示结肠黏膜的组织形态学基本无变化。结论口腔与结肠黏膜均可作为较理想的尿道替代物，口腔黏膜较适合狭窄段不长的尿道修复，结肠黏膜较适合复杂性超长段尿道狭窄或缺损的治疗。     

Design of a simple, in vitro method for evaluating the efficiency of crude Clostridium histolyticum collagenase and its components for porcine islet isolation

Abstract: The wide variability of different batches of crude collagenase is one of the major factors influencing the isolation of porcine islets of Langerhans. In order to enable the production of reproducible collagenase batches, however, it is first necessary to determine which of the many components of crude collagenase are required for porcine islet isolation. For this to be done, experiments must control for the inter-pancreatic variation seen with porcine pancreata, and this requires methodology that enables many different crude collagenases or collagenase components to be tested on any one pancreas. The aim of this study was to assess four different in vitro methods for evaluating different batches of crude collagenase. Each of the methods involved placing blocks of either distended or undistended pancreas in centrifuge tubes, adding crude collagenase in various concentrations dissolved in Hanks' and incubating the tubes in a waterbath at 35°C. The remainder of the pancreas was simultaneously processed using the semi-automated method. Every 10 min, samples were taken from both the semi-automated circuit and the relevant centrifuge tubes and assessed for number of cleaved islets, cleavage index, degree of fragmentation and quality of exocrine digestion. A correlation was made between each in vitro method and the "gold standard" semi-automated method. We conclude that it is possible to use an in vitro method to evaluate crude collagenase that correlates well with the digestion occurring in the Ricordi chamber and that enables the testing of many batches or components of crude collagenase on any one porcine pancreas.     

Evaluation of a training curriculum for nursing assistants

This is the report of a study undertaken as part fulfilment of the nurse tutor's course at Huddersfield Polytechnic. The purpose of the study was to evaluate nursing assistant training programmes at a mental illness unit in the Trent Region. The results suggest that the training curriculum in the unit where the study took place is effective in terms of teaching methods, lesson contents and consumer satisfaction (nursing assistants and charge nurses). The questionnaire survey supplied helpful comments on the training needs of nursing assistants. The conclusion is that it is not a waste of time to teach some elementary notions of nursing to nursing assistants.     

Standardization of antigen E in ragweed pollen extracts using a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay

A hybridoma-derived monoclonal IgG antibody specific for ragweed AgE was used to develop a competitive binding enzyme immunoassay suitable for quantitation of antigen E levels in ragweed pollen extracts. The assay was capable of detecting as little as 30 ng/ml AgE in crude pollen extracts. The monoclonal antibody was shown to react with AgE present in commercial pooled pollen extracts from a number of ragweed species as well as a laboratory extract from a single species. In contrast to previous conventional xenoantisera, it could distinguish true ragweed (Ambrosia sp) from false ragweed (Franseria sp). The use of monoclonal antibodies in assay systems such as this offers a reproducible and widely applicable method for allergen standardization.