Disability and risk of school related injury

OBJECTIVE: Approximately six million children with disabilities attend school in the United States. Cognitive and physical limitations may compromise their ability to handle environmental hazards and hence increase their risk for injury. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of school related injury among children enrolled in 17 special education schools in one large, urban school district. DESIGN: Altogether 6769 schoolchildren with disabilities were followed up from 1994-98. Injury and population data were collected from pupil accident reports and existing school records. Associations were estimated through generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: A total of 697 injuries were reported for a rate of 4.7/100 students per year. Children with multiple disabilities had a 70% increased odds of injury compared with the developmentally disabled (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 2.3). The physically disabled (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.9) had a modest increased odds of injury. Cuts, bruises, and abrasions composed almost three fourths of all injuries; almost half of these injuries were to the face. Falls (34%) and insults by other students (31%) were the most common external causes. More than a fourth of injuries were sports related, and 21% occurred on the playground/athletic field. Injury patterns differed across disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Although limited to one school district, the population studied is the largest cohort thus far of schoolchildren with disabilities. With this large study base, potentially high risk groups were identified and circumstances of injury described. This information is imperative for developing and improving school based injury prevention measures.     

Evaluating and understanding combination therapy decision drivers for the treatment of overactive bladder in the United States

ObjectiveTo understand factors guiding overactive bladder (OAB) therapy selection and experience with combination therapy (antimuscarinics and beta-3 agonists).MethodsCross-sectional surveys of OAB patients and OAB-treating physicians in the USA were conducted. Patients receiving monotherapy with antimuscarinics were categorized by OAB treatment history: monotherapy only; third-line procedures (e.g., onabotulinumtoxinA injections) and combination therapy; third-line therapy only; and combination therapy only. The patient survey assessed therapy choice drivers and barriers, treatment satisfaction and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. The physician survey assessed drivers of and barriers to OAB treatment choices.ResultsOf 200 patients, 86.5% reported involvement in treatment decision-making; doctor’s recommendation was the most frequently considered factor (84.4%). Most patients (71%) were unaware of combination therapy. The primary reason why those patients aware of combination therapy had not used it (N = 43/200; 21%) was physician recommendation of other treatments (69.8%). For physicians (N = 50), the most frequently considered factors when prescribing OAB treatment were effectiveness (92.0%) and side effects (84.0%); 70% prescribed combination therapy, primarily for symptom severity (82.9%). The main reasons for not prescribing combination therapy were cost/insurance coverage (80%) and lack of information (53.3%).ConclusionsShared decision-making guided treatment decisions; the main considerations were treatment safety and efficacy.     

Effect of new biologically active polypeptides on dihexadecyl phosphate vesicles

Effect of new biologically active polypeptides on hexadecyl phosphate vesicles. The effect that monomeric and trimeric chemotactic peptides may have on the permeation of DHP vesicles was studied by means of electronic absorption spectroscopy. The results show that attaching covalently two or more of the same chemotactic peptides to a suitable carrier molecule produced changes in the permeation of DHP vesicles that deviate from simple additivity rule. Thus a parallelism between the biological potency of the peptides and DHP permeation exists.     

Fluorescenzspektroskopische Untersuchungen an Mucoproteinen des Serums bei malignen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung In weiterer Verfolgung bereits früher beobachteter Unterschiede in der Fluorescenz pathologischer und gesunder Seren wurde ein spektroskopischer Ca.-Serumtest zu erarbeiten versucht. Wegen der beobachteten Vermehrung dieser Fraktion bei Ca., der leichten Darstellbarkeit sowie der distinkten Unterschiede zu anderen Eiweißfraktionen wurden die Mucoproteine zum Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung gemacht.Die bisher erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit Über-einstimmung mit gebräuchlichen neueren Serumtests.Die Verfasser danken ihren Lehrkanzelvorständen Prof. Dr. L. Flamm und Prof. Dr. L. Schönbauer, die die Durchführung der Arbeit ermöglichten, und Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Regler für die Überlassung des Spektrographen. Weiter sind sie den Herren H. Ellbogen und F. Malek für wertvolle experimentelle Hilfe zu Dank verpflichtet.     

Das Kolloid der Schilddrüse und Hypophyse des Menschen

Ohne ZusammenfassungHierzu Tafel III und 1 Textfigur.     

Therapie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Syphilis. Symptomatologie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Hautkrankheiten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Hautkrankheiten

Ohne Zusammenfassung