用气囊充气模拟结肠镜引起大鼠胃运动的变化

1 对象和方法成年雄性SD大鼠84只,清洁级,体质量(200±20) g. 置于安静、温暖(20℃)、避强光的环境中饲养. 随机均分成2组,每组42只; 再随机均分成7个亚组用于直肠顺应性检测,制定压力曲线.     

Cultural tailoring for the promotion of Hepatitis B screening in Turkish Dutch: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background  

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is an important health problem in the Turkish community in the Netherlands, and promotion of screening for HBV in this risk group is necessary. An individually tailored intervention and a culturally tailored intervention have been developed to promote screening in first generation 16-40 year old Turkish immigrants. This paper describes the design of the randomized controlled trial, which will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two tailored internet interventions as compared to generic online information on HBV, and to assess the added value of tailoring on socio-cultural factors.     

Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‐analyses of prospective cohort studies

Use of dietary supplements is rising in countries where colorectal cancer is prevalent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analyses of prospective cohort studies on dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk. We identified relevant studies in Medline, Embase and Cochrane up to January 2013. Original and peer‐reviewed papers on dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer incidence were included. “Use‐no use”(U‐NU), “highest‐lowest”(H‐L) and “dose‐response”(DR) meta‐analyses were performed. Random‐effects models were used to estimate summary estimates. In total, 24 papers were included in the meta‐analyses. We observed inverse associations for colorectal cancer risk and multivitamin (U‐NU: RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87,0.97) and calcium supplements (U‐NU: RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79,0.95; H‐L: RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70,0.92; DR: for an increase of 100 mg/day, RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94,0.99). Inconsistent associations were found for colon cancer risk and supplemental vitamin A and vitamin C, and for colorectal cancer risk and supplemental vitamin D, vitamin E, garlic and folic acid. Meta‐analyses of observational studies suggest a beneficial role for multivitamins and calcium supplements on colorectal cancer risk, while the association with other supplements and colorectal cancer risk is inconsistent. Residual confounding of lifestyle factors might be present. Before recommendations can be made, an extensive assessment of dietary supplement use and a better understanding of underlying mechanisms is needed.     

Double bypass for inoperable pancreatic malignancy at laparotomy: postoperative complications and long-term outcome

INTRODUCTION

Between 4% and 13% of patients with operable pancreatic malignancy are found unresectable at the time of surgery. Double bypass is a good option for fit patients but it is associated with high risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to identify pre-operatively which patients undergoing double bypass are at high risk of complications and to assess their long-term outcome.

METHODS

Of the 576 patients undergoing pancreatic resections between 2006 and 2011, 50 patients who underwent a laparotomy for a planned pancreaticoduodenectomy had a double bypass procedure for inoperable disease. Demographic data, risk factors for postoperative complications and pre-operative anaesthetic assessment data including the Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were collected.

RESULTS

Fifty patients (33 men and 17 women) were included in the study. The median patient age was 64 years (range: 39–79 years). The complication rate was 50% and the in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. The P-POSSUM physiology subscore and low anaerobic threshold at CPET were significantly associated with postoperative complications (p=0.005 and p=0.016 respectively) but they were unable to predict them. Overall long-term survival was significantly shorter in patients with postoperative complications (9 vs 18 months). Postoperative complications were independently associated with poorer long-term survival (p=0.003, odds ratio: 3.261).

CONCLUSIONS

P-POSSUM and CPET are associated with postoperative complications but the possibility of using them for risk prediction requires further research. However, postoperative complications following double bypass have a significant impact on long-term survival and this type of surgery should therefore only be performed in specialised centres.     

6,7-亚甲二氧基-1(2H,4H)-吖啶酮衍生物的合成及镇痛作用

报道13个6,7-亚甲二氧基-1(2H,4H)-吖啶酮衍生物的合成。初步药理实验表明:合成的化合物均有不同程度的镇痛作用,其中化合物Ⅱe的镇痛效力最强。     

蜜环菌菌丝体化学成分的研究——Ⅵ.蜜环菌癸素(armillaripin)的分离与结构

从人工发酵培养的蜜环菌[Armillaria mellea(Vahl.ex Fr.)Quel.属白蘑科(Tricholometaceae)真菌]菌丝体的石油醚提取物中,经硅胶层析分离得到一新的倍半萜醇芳香酸酯类化合物,命名为蜜环菌癸素(armillaripin)。根据光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和MS)分析推测其化学结构,并进一步用X-线衍射晶体解析法确证其结构和其相对构型。