全文获取类型
收费全文 | 859篇 |
免费 | 100篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 12篇 |
妇产科学 | 3篇 |
基础医学 | 170篇 |
口腔科学 | 44篇 |
临床医学 | 60篇 |
内科学 | 156篇 |
皮肤病学 | 32篇 |
神经病学 | 92篇 |
特种医学 | 47篇 |
外科学 | 183篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 54篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 48篇 |
肿瘤学 | 53篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 24篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 32篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 24篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 46篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 37篇 |
2009年 | 24篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 45篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有963条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Kolaczinski K Kolaczinski J Kilian A Meek S 《Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》2007,101(9):852-853
Contrary to previous consensus, a recent WHO statement recommends a more dominant role for indoor residual spraying (IRS) in malaria control in high transmission settings of sub-Saharan Africa and re-emphasises the role of DDT. We review the issues related to this change in recommendation. In high transmission settings, IRS must be implemented indefinitely and at high quality to achieve control. As current infrastructure limitations and unpredictable funding make this unlikely, each country must carefully consider the role of IRS. There remains a need to support ongoing insecticide-treated net scale-up. Insecticide choice is hampered by the lack of economic costing data. 相似文献
112.
The barley stem rust-resistance gene Rpg1 is a novel disease-resistance gene with homology to receptor kinases 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Brueggeman R Rostoks N Kudrna D Kilian A Han F Chen J Druka A Steffenson B Kleinhofs A 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2002,99(14):9328-9333
Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici was among the most devastating diseases of barley in the northern Great Plains of the U.S. and Canada before the deployment of the stem rust-resistance gene Rpg1 in 1942. Since then, Rpg1 has provided durable protection against stem rust losses in widely grown barley cultivars (cvs.). Extensive efforts to clone Rpg1 by synteny with rice provided excellent flanking markers but failed to yield the gene because it does not seem to exist in rice. Here we report the map-based cloning and characterization of Rpg1. A high-resolution genetic map constructed with 8,518 gametes and a 330-kb bacterial artificial chromosome contig physical map positioned the gene between two crossovers approximately 0.21 centimorgan and 110 kb apart. The region including Rpg1 was searched for potential candidate genes by sequencing low-copy probes. Two receptor kinase-like genes were identified. The candidate gene alleles were sequenced from resistant and susceptible cvs. Only one of the candidate genes showed a pattern of apparently functional gene structure in the resistant cvs. and defective gene structure in the susceptible cvs. identifying it as the Rpg1 gene. Rpg1 encodes a receptor kinase-like protein with two tandem protein kinase domains, a novel structure for a plant disease-resistance gene. Thus, it may represent a new class of plant resistance genes. 相似文献
113.
114.
IL‐17 and IL‐22 are tissue‐signaling cytokines that favor protection and regeneration of barrier organs such as the skin, lung, and gastrointestinal system. Both cytokines share cellular sources, signaling pathways, and functional aspects; however, taking a closer look they differ, e.g. in their pro‐inflammatory or regenerative potential. An imbalance of the carefully orchestrated tissue‐signaling system might result in autoimmune diseases, promote cancer growth, or predispose to infectious diseases. This review highlights recent understandings in cellular sources, signaling mechanisms, physiologic as well as pathogenic role of the double‐faceted cytokines IL‐17 and IL‐22. 相似文献
115.
Cytomegalovirus vector expressing RAE‐1γ induces enhanced anti‐tumor capacity of murine CD8+ T cells
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《European journal of immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Tihana Tršan Kristina Vuković Petra Filipović Ana Lesac Brizić Niels A. W. Lemmermann Kilian Schober Dirk H. Busch William J. Britt Martin Messerle Stipan Jonjić 《European journal of immunology》2017,47(8):1354-1367
Designing CD8+ T‐cell vaccines, which would provide protection against tumors is still considered a great challenge in immunotherapy. Here we show the robust potential of cytomegalovirus (CMV) vector expressing the NKG2D ligand RAE‐1γ as CD8+ T cell‐based vaccine against malignant tumors. Immunization with the CMV vector expressing RAE‐1γ, delayed tumor growth or even provided complete protection against tumor challenge in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Moreover, a potent tumor control in mice vaccinated with this vector can be further enhanced by blocking the immune checkpoints TIGIT and PD‐1. CMV vector expressing RAE‐1γ potentiated expansion of KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells with enhanced effector properties. This vaccination was even more efficient in neonatal mice, resulting in the expansion and long‐term maintenance of epitope‐specific CD8+ T cells conferring robust resistance against tumor challenge. Our data show that immunomodulation of CD8+ T‐cell responses promoted by herpesvirus expressing a ligand for NKG2D receptor can provide a powerful platform for the prevention and treatment of CD8+ T‐cell sensitive tumors. 相似文献
116.
Christoph Becker Kilian Konrad Kenjiro Dahlem Kitty Lange Manuel Christoph Ketterer Jens Pfeiffer 《Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery》2018,46(8):1373-1378
Introduction
To evaluate the influence of comorbidities and anemia on outcome and survival in patients with sinonasal carcinomas.Materials and Methods
Review of medical records of 121 patients with carcinoma treated at a single quaternary medical care and cancer center between 2002 and 2015. Comorbidities were classified according to the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) scoring system.Results
71 patients were male, 50 were female. Median age was 65 years, and the median interval between tumor diagnosis and date of study inclusion was 71 months. The most common histological subtype was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 64). The median ACCI score was 2 and the most frequent ACCI score was 0 (n = 26). Mean overall survival was 52.2 months (ACCI 0–2) and 39.5 months (ACCI ≥ 3), respectively (p < 0.0001). Mean disease-free survival was 52.9 months (ACCI 0–2) and 45.5 months (ACCI ≥ 3), respectively (p = 0.026). Mean overall survival in patients without anemia was 49.5 months, compared with 39.8 months in patients with anemia (p = 0.043).Conclusion
Comorbidity is an independent risk factor on overall, disease-free and disease-specific survival in patients with sinonasal carcinoma. Anemia is associated with shorter overall survival. This is the first study evaluating comorbidity using the ACCI scoring system and focusing on patients with sinonasal carcinoma. 相似文献117.
Kilian Weiss Nicola Martini Peter Boesiger Sebastian Kozerke 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2012,68(6):1696-1704
An optimized echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging sequence is proposed to facilitate spatial mapping of triglyceride and total creatine content in the human heart. The sequence integrates local‐look field of view reduction, cardiac and respiratory gating, and dedicated reconstruction steps to account for gradient channel delays, field inhomogeneity, and phase incoherence due to residual motion. The technique is demonstrated in 12 volunteers in comparison to single voxel point‐resolved spectroscopy in the septal wall at 1.5 T. Triglyceride‐to‐water and total creatine‐to‐water ratios derived from echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging (0.48 ± 0.18% and 0.06 ± 0.03%) and point‐resolved spectroscopy (0.52 ± 0.17% and 0.07 ± 0.02%) were found to agree well. In the septal region, intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 0.72 were estimated. A relatively weak agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.34 and 0.52) was found for sectors in the lateral wall due to field gradients induced by the posterior vein and limited sensitivity of the receive coil array in this area. On the basis of the findings, it is concluded that fast spectroscopic imaging of both cardiac triglyceride and total creatine content is feasible. Shimming and sensitivity challenges in the lateral region remain, however, to be addressed. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
118.
I Heukamp M Kilian J I Gregor A Neumann C A Jacobi H Guski I Schimke M K Walz F A Wenger 《Pancreatology》2005,5(4-5):403-409
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Antioxidative vitamins are known to inhibit metastasis. Therefore we evaluated the impact of vitamins A (retinol), C (ascorbic acid) and E (alpha-tocopherol) on liver metastasis in a model of ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma in hamster. METHODS: One hundred and twenty male Syrian hamsters were randomized into 8 groups (Gr.) (n = 15). Gr. 1-4 were given 0.5 ml normal saline subcutaneously (s.c.) weekly, whereas Gr. 5-8 received 10 mg N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP)/kg body weight s.c. for 3 months for tumor induction. In the 13th week Gr. 2 and 6 were administered retinol, Gr. 3 and 7 received ascorbic acid and Gr. 4 and 8 were given alpha-tocopherol orally. No treatment was performed in Gr. 1 and 5. After 24 weeks animals were sacrificed, pancreas and liver were histologically determined. Activities of glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentration of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were analyzed in hepatic tissue. RESULTS: Retinol and alpha-tocopherol decreased the incidence of liver metastases (44.4 vs. 86.7%, p < 0.05). The number and size of liver metastases were significantly reduced by retinol. Activities of GSH-Px and SOD were increased and concentration of TBARS was decreased in NML and LiMe by all vitamins. CONCLUSION: Obviously, antioxidative vitamins prevent oxidative stress in hepatocytes. This may be one mechanism decreasing liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer in the present trial. 相似文献
119.
Increased levels of interleukin-1 in bronchoalveolar washings from children with bacterial pulmonary infections 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
R W Wilmott J T Kassab P L Kilian W R Benjamin S D Douglas R E Wood 《The American review of respiratory disease》1990,142(2):365-368
To investigate its role in pulmonary infections, concentrations of interleukin-1 were measured in 22 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 19 children with cystic fibrosis (CF), and in 13 disease controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-1 beta and the D10.G4.1 proliferation assay for IL-1 activity. Significantly higher levels of IL-1 beta and IL-1 activity were found in BALF from patients with bacterial pulmonary infections than in those without such infection. There was no significant difference between the levels in patients with CF and pulmonary infections and those in children with bacterial infections complicating other diseases. High performance liquid chromatography showed that most of the IL-1 beta was associated with a molecular weight peak of 17 to 18 kD. Pulmonary inflammation reflected by the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the sample correlated significantly with the IL-1 concentration. 相似文献
120.
Walter DH Rittig K Bahlmann FH Kirchmair R Silver M Murayama T Nishimura H Losordo DW Asahara T Isner JM 《Circulation》2002,105(25):3017-3024