肾转移瘤的CT诊断特征

目的：探讨肾转移瘤的CT诊断特征．方法：回顾性分析12例肾转移瘤及12例原发性肾癌的CT表现．结果：12例肾转移瘤共检出42个病灶,4例单发,8例为双侧、多灶性;9个病灶位于肾髓质内呈楔形,33个病灶累及肾皮髓质、呈类圆形;41个病灶平扫呈等密度,所有病灶增强后均呈轻度强化,均未见包膜;8个病灶引起肾轮廓改变;7例肾转移瘤同时伴有其它部位及脏器的转移．12例肾原发癌均为单发,同时累及肾皮髓质,呈类圆形或不规则形;10例病灶平扫呈等、低密度;1例增强后轻度强化,11例增强后呈中、重度不均匀强化,3例可见假包膜;10例引起肾轮廓改变;2例伴有肾静脉癌栓,1例伴有肾周淋巴结转移．结论：肾转移瘤具有典型的影像学特点,了解这一特点有助于肾转移瘤的诊断．     

防御素2融合VE-Cadherin重组质粒的抗血管生成免疫作用

目的构建β防御素2(BD2)融合血管内皮钙粘附素(VE-Cadherin)胞外段重组质粒,以期探讨其免疫后抗肿瘤血管生成作用。方法PCR扩增成熟BD2片段和VE-Cadherin胞外段。以连接肽连接成熟BD2片段和VE-Cadherin胞外段,通过重叠PCR构建融合分子。将所得三种片段插入到pSecTag2B真核表达质粒。转染CT26肿瘤细胞,RT-PCR检测其表达。取转染COS细胞后的上清液做趋化实验,检测融合分子对树突状细胞(DC)的趋化作用。所得质粒经肌肉注射免疫小鼠后,皮下植入包裹CT26肿瘤细胞的藻酸盐微球,检测血管生成情况。结果测序证实三种质粒构建正确,能在真核细胞中顺利表达。BD2融合重组质粒和未融合的BD2质粒转染细胞后的上清液趋化DC的能力相近(P>0.05)。与其余各组质粒免疫相比,融合重组质粒免疫后能够显著抑制藻酸盐微球中肿瘤细胞诱导的血管生成(P<0.01)。结论BD2融合血管生成相关分子后的重组质粒免疫动物后能在体内有效地打破机体对肿瘤新生血管的免疫耐受。     

新型定位板在经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术术前定位中的应用

目的 :探讨新型定位板应用在腰椎后外侧经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术的术前定位中的有效性、可靠性。方法:2015年3月~2016年3月收治腰椎退行性疾病患者102例,其中单节段腰椎间盘突出症51例,单节段腰椎管狭窄症42例,经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术后症状复发9例,采用随机数字表随机分入两组后行腰椎后外侧经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术。A组54例,手术节段为L3/4 8例、L4/5 28例、L5/S1 18例,采用新型定位板术前定位;B组48例,手术节段为L3/4 8例、L4/5 26例、L5/S1 14例,采用金属定位针术前定位。两组患者年龄、性别、手术节段、保守治疗时间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。记录两组术前的透视次数和准备时间、穿刺时间、穿刺期透视次数、手术并发症、穿刺术后1h穿刺区疼痛VAS评分,并进行统计学分析。结果:A组术前的准备时间为5.2±1.0min、透视次数为1.1±0.3次,穿刺时间9.6±2.2min,穿刺期透视次数3.1±1.0次;B组术前的准备时间为10.7±2.3min、透视次数为3.8±1.2次,穿刺时间16.3±3.3min,穿刺期透视次数4.6±0.6次,两组比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),A组均优于B组。两组均未出现椎管内血肿、腹腔脏器损伤、下肢感觉和运动功能异常,B组出现硬膜刺裂1例(1/48)、穿刺区域皮下血肿4例(4/48),两组并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05);术后1h穿刺区域疼痛VAS评分,A组为3.4±0.5分,B组为5.0±0.9分,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:对于经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术,使用新型定位板术前定位,并进行穿刺路径设计,可减少术前透视次数、术前准备时间,有助于缩短穿刺时间及穿刺期透视次数,定位板具有使用方便、可靠、有效等优点。     

神经再生素对皮层细胞基因表达影响的基因芯片研究

目的：采用基因芯片技术,观察神经再生素对体外培养的胚鼠大脑皮质细胞基因表达的影响。方法：取ICR胚鼠（15d)大脑皮层细胞,无血清培养。实验组加入神经再生素（2μg/ml）,对照组加入等量基础培养液。培养6h后,抽提实验组和对照组皮层细胞总RNA,经反转录分别用Cy5、Cy3荧光标记成cDNA探针。将荧光标记的cDNA与MGEC－40s基因表达谱芯片杂交,芯片扫描、数据处理。结果：实验组与对照组大脑皮质细胞出现64条差异性表达的基因。呈现上调的基因有：钙调素结合蛋白、锌指蛋白激酶、核糖体蛋白等基因;下调基因有：抑制细胞分裂因子等基因。结论：神经再生素可作用于体外培养的胚鼠大脑皮层细胞,从基因调控水平促进脑细胞生长。     

Regulating and Motivating the Driver

This report evaluates the possibility that atmospheric iodine (I) can make a significant contribution to I nutrition and concludes that the combustion of gas and oil can increase atmospheric H. Sedimentation treatment of water supplies extracts some I from raw water, and sewage plants concentrate I and return it to the environment via sewage effluent. The I cycle in nature is discussed, and it is concluded that minute amounts of I usually are present in the atmosphere but are not usually in significant enough amounts to contribute substantially to bodily I requirements.     

ERP and RT Delays in Long‐Term Abstinent Alcoholics in Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions During Gender and Emotion Categorization Tasks

Background: There is considerable evidence that alcoholics differ from nonalcoholics in the processing of stimuli that have emotional content. The current study examines those differences that are present in multi‐year abstinent individuals. Methods: We compared reaction time (RT), accuracy, and Event Related Potentials (ERP) measures in long‐term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA, n = 52) with that in age‐ and gender‐comparable nonalcoholic controls (NAC, n = 47). Subjects were presented with male and female faces exhibiting happy, neutral, or sad facial expressions and were instructed to identify the picture gender in 1 task and the emotion being expressed in a subsequent task. Results: LTAA had slower RTs than NAC when instructed to identify emotion, while RT was comparable when identifying gender. There were no differences between groups on task accuracy. P160 latency was increased in LTAA for both tasks compared to NAC, though P160 amplitude did not differ between groups. The P160 effect was about 5 × as large as the RT effect and was statistically independent of the RT effect, while the RT effect was no longer present after removing variance because of the P160 effect. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate slower early processing of emotional facial stimuli in alcoholics that is unresolved by long‐term abstinence and is most sensitively indexed by delayed P160 latency in LTAA.     

Inhibitors in congenital coagulation disorders

The development of inhibitory 'allo' antibodies to a deficient coagulation factor is arguably now the most severe and important complication of clotting factor concentrate exposure in haemophilia and other congenital coagulation disorders. Furthermore, development of an inhibitor to the factor VIII or factor IX transgene product remains a significant concern in gene therapy protocols for haemophilia. Although the development of an inhibitor does not usually change the rate, initial severity or pattern of bleeding, it does compromise the ability to manage haemorrhage in affected individuals, resulting in a greater rate of complications, cost and disability. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of the epidemiology, immunobiology, laboratory evaluation and management of inhibitors arising in patients with congenital coagulation disorders. An attempt has been made to focus on recent advances in the immunology of inhibitors, and to speculate on their potential clinical application.     

硒对鸡胚脑发育的影响

目的观察补硒对正常鸡胚脑谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、Ⅱ型脱碘酶(IDⅡ)活性和生长相关蛋白(GAP-43)表达的影响,探讨硒对正常动物脑发育的作用。方法对孵育8 d的鸡胚分别注射不同剂量的MSeC(含0、1、5、10、20、40 μg硒),孵育至第20天时处死。测定脑组织中硒、GPx活性、IDⅡ活性,检测GAP-43蛋白的表达。结果对正常鸡胚补硒,可提高脑硒水平、脑GPx活性及GAP-43的表达,补硒量与脑硒、脑GPx活性显著相关(P< 0.01),而与脑IDⅡ活性无相关性。结论MSeC可有效提高鸡胚脑组织硒水平、脑GPx活性和GAP-43的表达,对脑IDⅡ活性没有影响。对正常鸡胚适量补硒可能会促进神经系统的生长和发育。     

Trends in Alcohol-Related Mortality among New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanics, and Non-Hispanic Whites

Reduction of alcohol-related mortality is a national goal for health promotion and disease prevention. We conducted this analysis to determine whether trends in New Mexico's Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and American Indians were consistent with national trends in alcohol-related mortality, and whether differences in drinking patterns could account for racial and ethnic differences in rates. Age-adjusted, race-specific, and ethnic-specific alcohol-related mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 5-year periods for 1958–1991 using New Mexico vital statistics data. We estimated the prevalence of acute and chronic at-risk drinking behaviors and abstinence from data collected by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for the period 1986–1992. We found that alcohol-related mortality rates varied substantially by race, ethnicity, sex, age, and calendar period. American Indians had the highest rates for both sexes. Rates increased sharply from the period 1958–1962 until the late 1970s and the early 1980s, and then began to decrease rapidly. However, during the most recent decade, the rates have followed contrasting trends in the three ethnic and racial groups. Although rates have continued to decline among non-Hispanic Whites, rates for Hispanics and American Indians have not declined, and still remain substantially higher than rates during the 1958–1962 period. Differences in at-risk drinking behaviors reported to the BRFSS do not explain the contrast in race-specific and ethnic-specific mortality rates. Although progress has been made in reducing national per capita alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality, certain high-risk racial and ethnic groups may not be sharing in the progress.