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91.
92.
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to allow mothers who are at high risk for abusing their child to describe how they manage when their infant cries. METHOD: This phenomenologic qualitative study used a focus group design and semi-structured interview format. Participants were seven low-income women with a child enrolled in an urban day care facility, which provided the setting for data collection. RESULTS: Analyses of the data revealed three themes: (a) activities done to pacify the infant, (b) coping mechanism, and (c) social support available. DISCUSSION: The results of this study indicate that activities (a) may include the infant, such as holding and singing, or (b) may be directed toward the mother, such as using headphones or leaving the room. These activities follow the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics and are not unique. Social support primarily was provided at the day care facility, supplemented with personal relationships that are tentative. Valued informal and formal interactions with supportive persons provide the emotional and psychosocial support for this at-risk population. 相似文献
93.
Yehuda Tamari Anthony J. Tortolani Melanie Maquine Kerri Lee–Sensiba John Guarino 《Artificial organs》1991,15(1):15-22
A retrospective study to determine the relationship between early microporous membrane oxygenator (MMO) failure and blood pressure at the MMO outlet (Pmo) was conducted using data collected with 19 dogs (22 +/- 1 kg, mean +/- SEM) undergoing routine normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Because gas flow was maintained at a high level, it could not be used to control CO2 exchange. Instead, blood PCO2 was controlled by adding CO2 to the sweep gas. Blood PO2 was controlled as suggested by the manufacturer, by adjusting the %O2 in the gas phase (g). Blood flow was 2575 +/- 54 ml/min; Pmo ranged from 173 to 790 mm Hg; and hematocrit was 33 +/- 1%. O2 exchange was calculated from blood gas parameters. Changes in the diffusion potential of O2 (delta PO2) and CO2 (delta PCO2) and MMO performance (P, taken as oxygen exchange normalized to a diffusion potential of 100 mm Hg) indicated MMO failure. Initial values, taken within 60 min of bypass initiation, were compared to final values taken at 226 +/- 9 min of bypass. Despite higher final delta PO2 (411 +/- 9 vs. 538 +/- 19 mm Hg, p less than 0.0001 paired t-test) and delta PCO2 (18.6 +/- 2.4 vs. 30.5 +/- 4.7 mm Hg, p less than 0.0017), arterial blood PO2 decreased (159 +/- 15 to 89 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.0005) and PCO2 increased (36.4 +/- 1.5 to 46.1 +/- 3.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.0039), and the performance decreased [24.5 +/- 1.1 to 20.1 +/- 0.7 (ml/min)/(100 mm Hg), p less than 0.0001].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
94.
Wynn JL Scumpia PO Delano MJ O'Malley KA Ungaro R Abouhamze A Moldawer KL 《Shock (Augusta, Ga.)》2007,28(6):675-683
Neonates have a higher prevalence of bacterial sepsis and have greater morbidity and mortality from sepsis than other infants and children. Our understanding of the inflammatory and immunological responses to sepsis is hampered by the lack of appropriate neonatal murine models. In the present report, we have developed a cecal slurry model of generalized peritonitis in neonatal mice (age range, 5-7 days) and compared the outcome and the innate and adaptive cellular responses of these animals with those of the young adult animals (age range, 7-10 weeks) with sepsis induced either by cecal slurry administration or by cecal ligation and puncture. Neonatal mice were more susceptible to sepsis and mounted a markedly attenuated systemic inflammatory response compared with young adult animals (specifically, decreased plasma interferon gamma; interleukins 1alpha and 1beta; regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES); and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations). Compared with young adult animals, septic neonatal mice did not lose significant percentage or absolute number of splenic CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that the cecal slurry model of generalized peritonitis can produce sepsis in neonatal mice with dose-dependent lethality. Inherent differences in the host response to polymicrobial sepsis between neonatal and young adult animals may explain the increased sensitivity of the neonatal mouse to generalized peritonitis. 相似文献
95.
Dorval V Ritchie K Gruslin A 《Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique》2007,98(5):379-382
BACKGROUND: Women in Canada, as in the rest of the world, represent an increasing proportion of new HIV positive cases. In 2002, women accounted for 25% of all positive HIV tests reported in Canada; with the majority being in their childbearing years (15 to 39 years), perinatal transmission of HIV in Canada is cause for concern. Following the development of interventions that can effectively reduce vertical transmission rate, prenatal screening of HIV has become the first and most pivotal step in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The purpose of this study was to assess how women's knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV and HIV screening in pregnancy influence screening rates. METHOD: A prospective anonymous survey of 231 women attending antenatal care clinics at a teaching university hospital or in a community clinic was conducted. RESULTS: In general, pregnant women supported universal HIV screening in the prenatal period. Women who previously had been tested for HIV and who did not perceive that they were at risk for contracting HIV were more likely to decline HIV testing in their current pregnancy. Overall knowledge regarding HIV and its transmission is less than optimal, particularly among those women who declined HIV testing. CONCLUSION: Knowledge gaps exist between women accepting and declining prenatal HIV screening, particularly relating to benefits of screening. These results suggest that efforts have to continue to be put into educating the public but also, importantly, into changing current attitudes. 相似文献
96.
The Australian National Poliovirus Reference Laboratory (NPRL), located within the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, is the national laboratory for Australia, the Pacific Islands and Brunei Darussalam, and is accredited by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the Regional Reference Laboratory for the WHO Western Pacific Region. The NPRL, in collaboration with the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, co-ordinates surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), the major clinical presentation of poliovirus infection. After classification of AFP cases by the Polio Expert Committee, the non-polio AFP rate for Australia in 2006 was 1.1, meeting the WHO surveillance requirement of detecting more than one AFP case per 100,000 children aged less than 15 years. During 2006, 80 specimens were referred to the NPRL, 59 from AFP cases and 21 from other sources. Poliovirus type 3 was isolated from two patients without AFP and the isolates were characterised as Sabin-like using WHO accredited methodologies. Echovirus 30 was isolated from two cases of AFP and coxsackievirus B5 and adenovirus were isolated from individual cases. During 2006, 1,998 cases of poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus infection were reported world-wide, of which, only 6.8% (127) were due to importation of wild poliovirus. 相似文献
97.
Kerri E. Woodward Debra L. Boeldt Robin P. Corley Lisabeth DiLalla Naomi P. Friedman John K. Hewitt Paula Y. Mullineaux JoAnn Robinson Soo Hyun Rhee 《Behavior genetics》2018,48(4):283-297
The present study examined the influence of maternal and child characteristics on parenting behaviors in a genetically informative study. The participants were 976 twins and their mothers from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study and the Twin Infant Project. Indicators of positive parenting were coded during parent–child interactions when twins were 7–36 months old. Child cognitive abilities and affection were independent correlates of positive parenting. There were significant gender differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on positive parenting, with shared environmental influences on parenting of girls and additive genetic influences on parenting of boys. Girls received significantly more positive parenting than boys. Differences in etiology of positive parenting may be explained by developmental gender differences in child cognitive abilities and affection, such that girls may have more rewarding interactions with parents, evoking more positive parenting. 相似文献
98.
99.
Quin E. Denfeld James O. Mudd Wohaib Hasan Jill M. Gelow Shirin O. Hiatt Kerri Winters-Stone Christopher S. Lee 《Heart & lung : the journal of critical care》2018,47(4):281-284
Background
The relationship between physical heart failure (HF) symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms is unclear.Objective
To quantify the relationship between plasma β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 (βARK1) and physical symptoms among adults with HF.Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from two studies of adults with HF. Plasma βARK1 was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Physical symptoms were measured with the HF Somatic Perception Scale (HFSPS). Generalized linear modeling was used to quantify the relationship between βARK1 and HFSPS scores.Results
The average age (n = 94) was 54.5 ± 13.1 years, 76.6% were male, and a majority (83.0%) had Class III or IV HF. βARK1 was significantly associated with HFSPS scores (β = 0.22 ± 0.10, p = 0.038), adjusting for other predictors of physical symptoms (model R2 = 0.250, F(7, 70) = 3.34, p = 0.004).Conclusions
Higher βARK1 is associated with worse physical HF symptoms, pinpointing a potential pathophysiologic underpinning. 相似文献100.
Kristina M. Jackson Jennifer E. Merrill Angela K. Stevens Kerri L. Hayes Helene R. White 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2021,45(4):752-764