Isoflurane Anesthesia Attenuates Endothelium-dependent Pulmonary Vasorelaxation by Inhibiting the Synergistic Interaction between Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin

Background: Endothelium-derived nitric oxide causes vasodilation in part by increasing the dilator activity of other endothelium-derived mediators, including prostacyclin and a K sup +ATP channel-dependent hyperpolarizing factor. Although previous studies have proposed that isoflurane (ISO) depresses endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by inhibiting endothelium-derived nitric oxide activity, the effects of ISO on the interactions among endothelium-derived dilators have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of ISO on endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine pulmonary arteries. Specifically, the goal was to assess the effects of ISO on the individual actions and on the synergistic interactions of these endothelium-derived mediators.

Methods: Canine pulmonary arterial rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. The effects of 1 minimum alveolar concentration ISO (0.4 mM) on vasorelaxation responses to bradykinin, A23187, acetylcholine, cromakalim, and SIN-1 were assessed in phenylephrine-precontracted rings with and without pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N sup omega -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; L-NAME), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), or a K sup +ATP, channel inhibitor (glybenclamide).

Results: Isofluane attenuated pulmonary vasorelaxation induced by bradykinin, A23187, and cromakalim but had no effect on relaxation induced by acetylcholine or SIN-1. Neither the nitric oxide-mediated nor the prostacyclin-mediated components of relaxation induced by bradykinin and A23187 were altered by ISO. However, ISO abolished the K sup +ATP -mediated component of relaxation and the K sup +ATP -dependent synergistic interaction between nitric oxide and prostacyclin.     

51例黄磷烧伤临床分析

对５１例黄磷烧伤病人进行临床分析。结果表明：黄磷对人体毒性大，即使烧伤面积不大，亦可因磷中毒而丧。磷中毒易造成肾、肝等裨性器官的损害。硫酸铜用于烧伤创面用量过大易引起铜中毒致急性溶血性贫血，不可作为黄磷 伤的创面用工。     

The ends of outcomes assessment

Outcomes assessment holds great promise to improve the quality and efficiency of health care. By subjecting practices to rigorous and systematic analysis, we should be in a position to make judgments about what does and does not work in clinical practice. However, the outcomes of outcomes assessment themselves should be approached with the same critical eye. Among the many sorts of criteria by which to evaluate outcomes assessment are several key parameters: foremost among them are cognitive outcomes, ethical outcomes, and economic outcomes. Only when these outcomes are thoroughly explored and taken into account will the fullest potential of outcomes assessment be realized.     

氯胺酮对脑缺血大鼠突触体ATP酶活力的影响

目的 研究氯妥酮（ＫＴ）对大鼠脑缺血ＡＴＰ酶活性变化的影响。方法 采用大鼠四动脉阻断脑缺血模型，缺血１０ｍｉｎ后测量纹状体和海马突触体Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ和Ｃａ＾２＋－＝ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果 脑缺血时两个脑区的ＡＴＰ酶活性均显著下降。缺血的前预先应用ＫＴ２５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和５０ｍｇ．ｋｇ可拮抗脑缺血时ＡＴＰ酶活性的下降。结论 ＫＴ可通过拮抗脑缺血时ＡＴＰ酶活性的下降对抗脑缺血损伤。     

Relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families

Hakulinen T, Paunonen M, Laippala P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 247–254
Relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families
In this study relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families in Finland were studied. The sample was 160 urban families expecting their first or second child in the third trimester of pregnancy. One-hundred and eighteen families participated in the study. The Family Dynamics Questionnaire (FDQ) and the Family Dynamics Measure (FDM) were used in this study. Most expectant parents reported their family was well-functioning. Mothers of higher socioeconomic status found more flexibility in their families than mothers of lower socioeconomic status. Fathers in families expecting their first baby reported more mutuality, role reciprocity and more stability than second-time fathers. The findings contribute cues for public health nurses and midwives regarding parity, socioeconomic status and family dynamics to provide more specific family guidance during the transition to parenthood. Realistic information on the changes in family dynamics after childbirth should be given to pregnant parents.     

Recombinant allergen fragments as candidate preparations for allergen immunotherapy

Background: Lately, renewed interest has arisen in the new forms of allergen immunotherapy because they may offer alternatives for drug treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a well-characterized preparation of the main respiratory cow dander allergen, Bos d 2, with attenuated allergenic activity. Methods: The immunologic characteristics of Bos d 2 preparations were studied by indirect IgE ELISA, ELISA inhibition, Western blotting, histamine release, skin prick tests, and the proliferation tests of allergen-specific T-cell clones. Results: The complete recombinant Bos d 2 was observed to bind effectively, IgE of cow-allergic patients in indirect ELISA. In other experiments, the IgE-binding capacity of recombinant Bos d 2 proved to be lower compared with native Bos d 2. When the two overlapping recombinant fragments of Bos d 2 (corresponding amino acids 1-131 and 81-172, respectively) covering the whole molecule were compared with the complete recombinant Bos d 2 with several methods, only a low level of residual reactivity was observed. For example, recombinant fragments could not bind antibody at all in ELISA inhibition tests retaining, however, some reactivity in skin prick tests. In contrast, the fragments were able to stimulate vigorously Bos d 2-specific T-cell clones. Conclusion: The approach we have taken may offer a simple and reproducible way to produce hypoallergenic preparations for immunotherapy, circumventing simultaneously some of the problems of other experimental methods such as individual T-cell epitope recognition in peptide-based immunotherapy. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:721-7.)     

慢性肝病患者血清和腹水肿瘤坏死因子—α检测的临床意义

目的：了解慢性肝病患者血清和腹水肿瘤坏死因子－α检测的临床意义。方法：采用双抗体夹心ＥＩＳＡ法，对２０例慢迁肝、２０例慢活肝和２９便肝硬化代偿期病人血清ＴＮＦ－α进行检测；对２１例肝硬化腹水无自发性腹膜炎（ＳＢＰ）者、２３例肝硬化腹水并ＳＢＰ者、２５例肝癌腹水者和２４例胃肠癌腹水者进行血清和腹水的ＴＮＦ－α检测。结果：血中ＴＮＦ－α水平在下列各组疾病呈逐渐上升（慢迁肝组〈慢活肝组和肝硬化代偿期组〉     

An adjusted version of Kohlberg's moral theory: discussion of its validity for research in nursing ethics

Critics of Kohlberg's moral theory today focus on the content of his theory and more specifically on its justice-orientated moral concept. This has led to the well-known 'justice-care debate'. The purpose of this article is to critically examine the validity of Kohlberg's moral theory for research in nursing ethics from a caring perspective (referring to the content) as well as from a cognitive-structural perspective (referring to the basic assumptions of the model). The analysis points to the usefulness and value of the cognitive-structural model to empirically study nurses' ethical behaviour; the content of Kohlberg's model, however, needs to be adapted by adding a caring perspective as well as some personal and situational variables. An adjusted version of Kohlberg's model is proposed and discussed.     

ATP片剂的UV—HPLC测定

采用ＵＶ－ＨＰＬＣ法测定ＡＴＰ片剂的含量，较地方标准收载的方法方便易行，重现性好。测定的回收率为１００．８±１．５％。