乡土特色的少年宫活动对中小学生积极心理品质的提升作用

目的探究乡土特色少年宫活动对学生积极心理品质的提升作用。方法采用实验组、对照组前后测实验设计,选取绵阳市某学校三年级到八年级学生共530名,随机分为实验组(n=265)和对照组(n=265)。实验组学生参与12次为期90天的乡土特色的少年宫活动,对照组处于常态。活动前后采用中国中小学生积极心理品质量表进行测量。结果①实验组和对照组在六个维度上的前测分数差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。②实验组在人际维度、公正维度、节制维度、超越维度上,后测分数均高于前测,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而在认知维度和情感维度上,前、后测分数差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。③对照组在六个维度上的前后测分数差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。④后测分数中,实验组在人际维度、公正维度、节制维度、超越维度上的得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而两组在认知维度和情感维度上分数差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论乡土特色的少年宫活动可能有利于提升中小学生人际、公正、节制和超越等积极心理品质。     

Role of IL‐17 and TGF‐β in peritoneal adhesion formation after surgical trauma

Peritoneal adhesions are fibrous tissues formed after surgery. Both cytokines and transforming growth factors (TGFs) are involved in this process. The objective of this study was to investigate the cross talk between these entities. Peritoneal drainage fluid after surgery from patients and rodent models was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. Data showed that the concentrations of interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐17 reached their peaks 6–12 hours after surgery, whereas TGF‐β1 concentrations showed two postoperative peak time points at 2 and 72–96 hours. By neutralizing IFN‐γ, IL‐17 6–12 hours, and TGF‐β1 72–96 hours after surgery, the degree of adhesion reduced significantly. However, neutralizing TGF‐β1 2 hours after surgery did not affect adhesion formation. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that compared with the fibroblasts that were directly stimulated with TGF‐β1, the prestimulation of IL‐17 promoted plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 production while inhibiting tissue‐type plasminogen activator production. Moreover, additional stimulation with IFN‐γ enhanced this effect. Together, these data indicate that IL‐17 may promote adhesion formation by increasing the reaction of fibroblasts against TGF‐β1. Blocking IL‐17 might have a therapeutic potential in preventing adhesion formation after surgery.     

直肠癌保肛术后肠道功能障碍研究进展

直肠癌手术理念和技术的进步,使得低位直肠癌保肛率明显提高,而肠道功能障碍是困扰保肛术后患者的主要问题。目前研究从解剖、生理及动力学角度分析排粪功能改变的机制,认为肠道功能障碍与术后解剖改变、神经损伤以及括约肌功能受损等密切相关。本文总结了直肠癌术后肠道功能障碍的流行病学和发生机制,并阐述术后肠道功能障碍发生机制对预防和治疗术后肠道功能障碍的重要意义。     

肾移植患者他克莫司血药浓度与肝肾毒性分析

目的分析我院肾移植患者他克莫司血药浓度的控制情况,探讨他克莫司血药浓度与肝肾功能之间的关系,以期为临床的合理用药提供依据。方法收集我院2011年11月至2013年4月96例肾移植患者他克莫司血药浓度的数据,及血药浓度测定当天的生化检测结果。根据他克莫司血药浓度（A）测定结果,将其分为4组（I组,A≤6 ng/mL;II组,6〈A≤10 ng/mL;III组,10〈A≤15 ng/mL;IV组,A〉15 ng/mL）,对4组中的各项生化指标及不良反应比例进行统计分析。结果红细胞（P=0.57）,血红蛋白（P=0.60）,血小板（P=0.12）,总胆红素（P=0.58）,谷氨酰基转移酶（P=0.46）,天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（P=0.98）和丙氨酸氨基转移酶（P=0.40）在4组之间没有统计学意义;而白细胞（P=0.007）,碱性磷酸酶（P=0.004）和血尿素氮（P=0.007）在4组之间差异有统计学意义。当患者的他克莫司血药浓度维持在6-15 ng/mL 时,其肾小球滤过率估计值（estimated glo-merular filtration rate,eGFR）（70.2 mL/min）要明显高于≤6 ng/mL（58.2 mL/min）和〉15 ng/mL （66.2 mL/min）。同时,感染及中重度贫血的风险也较低,但他克莫司血药浓度与肝功能异常比例之间未发现显著的相关性。结论他克莫司血药浓度维持在6-15 ng/mL有利于患者肾功能的维持,同时能够降低感染和中重度贫血的风险,这一结果将有利于他克莫司的临床使用。     

In vivo evidence of methamphetamine induced attenuation of brain tissue oxygenation as measured by EPR oximetry

Abuse of methamphetamine (METH) is a major and significant societal problem in the US, as a number of studies have suggested that METH is associated with increased cerebrovascular events, hemorrhage or vasospasm. Although cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in METH-induced toxicity are not completely understood, changes in brain O₂ may play an important role and contribute to METH-induced neurotoxicity including dopaminergic receptor degradation. Given that O₂ is the terminal electron acceptor for many enzymes that are important in brain function, the impact of METH on brain tissue pO₂in vivo remains largely uncharacterized. This study investigated striatal tissue pO₂ changes in male C57BL/6 mice (16–20 g) following METH administration using EPR oximetry, a highly sensitive modality to measure pO₂in vivo, in situ and in real time. We demonstrate that 20 min after a single injection of METH (8 mg/kg i.v.), the striatal pO₂ was reduced to 81% of the pretreatment level and exposure to METH for 3 consecutive days further attenuated striatal pO₂ to 64%. More importantly, pO₂ did not recover fully to control levels even 24 h after administration of a single dose of METH and continual exposure to METH exacerbates the condition. We also show a reduction in cerebral blood flow associated with a decreased brain pO₂ indicating an ischemic condition. Our findings suggests that administration of METH can attenuate brain tissue pO₂, which may lead to hypoxic insult, thus a risk factor for METH-induced brain injury and the development of stroke in young adults.     

Three new diphenylpropanes from Celastrus hindsii

Three new diphenylpropanes, Hindsiipropane A–C (1–3), together with one known arylpropyl quinone Griffithane D (4), were isolated from Celastrus hindsii. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, and mass spectroscopy. Compound 4 was firstly obtained in this genus. All the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, BEL7404) by the MTT assay.     

零售药店药学服务功能弱化的调查分析

目的通过调查零售药店药学服务的状况,分析存在的问题,提出改进建议。方法采用文献查询、观察法、神秘顾客法和综合分析的方法进行调研。结果零售药店药学服务功能处于弱化状态;药店经营理念还没有转变,执业药师数量缺乏、素质不高。结论零售药店可以通过转变经营理念、探索建立可行的药学服务管理模式、提高药店从业人员的药学服务水平来改善药学服务功能弱化的状况。     

酒精戒断综合征：机制、评估及药物治疗进展

目的：介绍酒精戒断综合征（AWS）的机制、评估及药物治疗方面的进展。方法：对近年相关文献进行复习。结果：本文对 AWS 的时程、机制（尤其是涉及 GABA 及 NMDA 递质系统）、评估及药物治疗进行了介绍。详细讨论了固定剂量法及对症给药法的具体细节。对其他药物的使用也略有介绍。结论：AWS 比较常见且对酒精将具有诊断意义。长期饮酒导致的GABA/ NMDA 系统的改变是 AWS 的主要机制,长效苯二氮□类药是控制 AWS 的一线药物,不过其他药物也有使用。具体是使用固定剂量法还是对症给药法则以治疗环境、医生的偏好以及员工的培训情况而定。