Inhibition of inward rectifier K+ currents by angiotensin II in rat atrial myocytes: lack of effects in cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on inward rectifier K+ currents (IK1) in rat atrial myocytes. [125I]Ang II-binding assays revealed the presence of both Ang II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors in atrial membrane preparations. Ang II inhibited IK1 in isolated atrial myocytes with an IC50 of 46 nmol/l. This inhibition was abolished by the AT, antagonist RNH6270 but not at all by the AT2 antagonist PD123319. Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin or a synthetic decapeptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminus of Gialpha-3 abolished the inhibition by Ang II, indicating the role of a Gi-dependent signaling pathway. Accordingly, Ang II failed to inhibit IK1 in the presence of forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP or protein kinase A catalytic subunits. In spite of the increased binding capacities for [125I]Ang II, Ang II failed to affect IKI in cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AT, immunoprecipitation from atrial extracts revealed decreased amounts of Gialpha-2 and Gialpha-3 proteins associated with this receptor in SHR as compared with controls. The reduced coupling of AT, with Gialpha. proteins may underlie the unresponsiveness of atrial IK1 to Ang II in SHR cells.     

Surgical treatment of native valve endocarditis]

Twenty eight patients with native valve endocarditis (NVE) were subjected to this study. Thirteen patients underwent an operation at the chronic phase, and 15 patients at the active phase. One of the 13 patients at the chronic phase died of cardiac rupture due to myocardial infarction which had occurred preoperatively, and one of 10 patients at active phase without annular infection died of rupture of mycotic cerebral aneurysm early postoperatively. Among 5 patients at the active phase with annular infection, prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred in one patient 1.5 months after supraannular aortic valve replacement, and the second operation with a translocation technique was needed. This patient was lost from low output syndrome. Another patient in this group, who underwent a translocation technique because of mycotic annular abscess, died of intestinal infarction late postoperatively. The other 24 patients went a good postoperative course. Five patients with annular infection at the active phase had a shorter duration from the infectious onset to operation (20 days to 2 months, average 38 days), and the causative microorganisms were streptococcus faecalis, staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative coccus. One patient, who died of mycotic cerebral aneurysmal rupture, had candida albicans as a causative microorganism. For patients with NVE, an early aggressive operation is essential before infection extends to the annulus or to other vital organs, especially when these microorganisms are identified.     

Cinatrins, a novel family of phospholipase A2 inhibitors. I. Taxonomy and fermentation of the producing culture; isolation and structures of cinatrins.

Cinatrins A, B, C1, C2 and C3, a family of phospholipase A2 inhibitors were isolated from the fermentation broth of Circinotrichum falcatisporum RF-641. They were found to be novel spiro-gamma-dilactones and gamma-lactones derived from 1,2,3,5-tetra or 1,2,3(or 1,2,4)-trihydroxypentadecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acids. Structures were elucidated by MS and NMR studies and chemical transformations. The structure of cinatrin C3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and its absolute configuration was determined by comparison of the CD spectra with related compounds.     

Neural mechanisms for object and color recognition]

We reported double-dissociation between the visual processing of the edges and the surfaces of objects. Patients with lateral occipital damage showed selective impairment in the perception of edges whereas those with medial ventral occipital damage showed selective impairment in the perception of the 3D structure of the surface. Patients with medial ventral occipital damage also exhibited impaired perception of color, which is also a surface property. Those results were consistent with those from neuroimaging studies. Taken together, those studies suggest that objects may be processed in two separate pathways in the ventral occipital cortex: the edges of objects are processed in the lateral pathway and the surface of objects are processed in the medial pathway. Both edges and surfaces play important roles in object recognition, and both types of perception should be evaluated in patients with visual agnosia.     

Associative visual agnosia--a case report

A 61 year-old right-handed man, a president of a company fell downstairs and was found unconscious on January 1, 1985. He was admitted to a hospital and he had been unresponsive for 10 days. As he recovered from the consciousness disturbance, he complained of difficulties in discrimination of common objects and in recognition of familiar faces. The patient was admitted to our hospital for the closer examination on July 29, 1985. There was no abnormality in the general physical examination on admission. Neurological examinations revealed no significant deficits except visual field disturbance. In the results of WAIS, the verbal IQ was 108, but the performance IQ was unmeasurable because of a presence of object agnosia. His spontaneous speech was fluent without paraphasia, perseveration or dysprosody. His auditory comprehension of spoken language and repetition were spared. Neuropsychological examinations revealed an impairment in the recent verbal memory, alexia, agraphia, object agnosia, color naming difficulty, prosopagnosia and visuospatial constructional disability. The patient exhibited three major neuropsychological characteristics. Firstly, the recognition of the objects which were presented by the photograph or line drawing was more severely impaired than the real objects. Secondly, the object naming difficulty was more pronounced in the presentation at an unusual angle than in the free presentation. Thirdly, the patient made poor performance in reproduction of the models by photographic presentation as compared with the presentation of the real models in the three-dimensional block construction test. The CT scan performed on January 4, 1985 demonstrated subcortical hematomas with surrounding edema in the temporo-occipital regions of both hemispheres.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Elevated serum manganese superoxide dismutase in acute leukemias.

We measured the serum levels of manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Serum Mn-SOD level for normal subjects was 94.1 +/- 23.5 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.), the levels for AML and ALL patients were 159.6 +/- 77.1 ng/ml and 154.4 +/- 77.0 ng/ml, respectively. The serum Mn-SOD levels were unrelated to individual intracellular Mn-SOD levels, but correlated well with serum lactate dehydrogenase values. Regression of the leukemia was accompanied by decrease in the serum level of Mn-SOD. Serum Mn-SOD may thus serve as a measure of the activity of the disease.     

Bacterial superantigen enhances cytokine production by T-helper lymphocyte subset-2 cells and modifies glomerular lesions in experimental immunoglobulin a nephropathy

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bacterial suporantigens, which can derange the immune response and contribute to the renal lesions of immunoglobulin A (lgA) nephropathy. Methods Twenty-five micrograms of a bacterial superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), was injected into IgA nephropathy-prone ddY mice intrathymically when they reached 6 weeks of age. Evaluation included measurement of albumin excretion in urine, immunoglobulin concentration, and lymphokine production in vitro, as well as analysis of T-cell receptor expression in splenic T-cell subsets and examination of renal histology by light and fluorescence microscopy. Results At 40 weeks of age, the serum level of IgA in these mice was substantially increased and the number of Vβ8⁺ CD4⁺splenic T-cells was significantly decreased compared with measurements in untreated controls. Both control and SEB-treated mice excreted less than 30 μg/mL of urinary albumin. In mice given SEB, the amount of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (T helper 1 [Th1]-type cytokines) produced by the in vitro-stimulated lymphocytes significantly decreased. whereas that of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (Th2-type cytokines) markedly increased compared with measurements in control mice. At 40 weeks of age, mice given SEB showed marked glomerular hypercellularity and enhanced glomerular C3 deposition by renal histology, compared with control mice. Conclusion These results suggest that bacterial superantigen SEB may modify glomerular lesions through activating Th2 cells, while inducing deletion of Th1 cells in this experimental model.     

Changes in the volume and histology of retractile testes in prepubertal boys

Testicular development was studied in prepubertal boys with retractile testes. Testicular volume, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatogonia in the tubules were decreased in cases of unilateral retractile testis, when compared with values for the contralateral normally descended testis. On the other hand, in patients with a unilateral retractile testis and contralateral inguinal testis, there was no difference in the developmental parameters between the two testes. These results suggest that the retractile testis has developmental failures characteristic of a cryptorchid testis and therefore requires orchiopexy.     

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.