Reliability of cytological grading of prostatic carcinoma compared with histological grading

Thirty prostatic carcinomas diagnosed simultaneously by fine needle aspiration cytology and punch biopsy were graded into three groups according to their cytological and histological appearances. Among them 23 carcinomas were graded equally by both methods. Cytological examination appears to be suitable for grading prostatic carcinoma, thus being a possible indicator of the patient's prognosis and response to hormonal therapy. In addition to the results obtained here, fine needle aspiration cytology has many advantages such as simplicity, quickness and safety. With increase of attention of urologists and pathologists to fine needle aspiration cytology, this evaluation will become comparable to the histological examination not only as a routine diagnostic tool.     

Extremely highly isospecific polymerization of olefins using solvay-type TiCl3 and Cp2TiMe2 as catalyst

Polymerizations of various olefins (ethylene, propene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene,1-hexene, and 1-octene) were carried out using the Solvay-type TiCl₃ catalyst combined with Cp₂TiMe₂. The polymers produced were characterized by DSC, solvent fractionation, GPC, and ¹³C NMR. It was found that the present catalyst gives linear polyethylene without ethyl branches and extremely highly isotactic poly(α-olefins) containing very few steric defects. The catalyst seems to be most isospecific among the Ziegler-Natta catalysts reported so far.     

In vivo evaluation of radioiodinated 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)-piperazine derivatives as new ligands for sigma receptor imaging using single photon emission computed tomography

New series of radioiodinated analogues of 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-[3-(2-iodophenyl)propyl]piperazine (o-BON) and 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-[3-(3-iodophenyl)propyl]piperazine (m-BON) were evaluated as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiopharmaceuticals for mapping sigma receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs. In vivo biodistribution studies of [125I] o- and m-BON in mice demonstrated high initial uptakes and prolonged retention in the brain. In contrast to high brain uptake and retention, the blood accumulations were low, resulting in good brain-blood ratios (7.9-9.2). In the other tissues, high uptake of [125I] o- and m-BON were observed in the liver, kidney, heart, lung, and pancreas. Moreover, selective interactions of [125I] o- and m-BON with sigma receptors were confirmed by pretreatment experiments with various sigma and other receptor ligands. Haloperidol posttreatment induced decreases in the accumulation of [125I] o- and m-BON. These data suggest that [125I] o- and m-BON binding to sigma receptors is reversible and competitive. Furthermore, ex vivo autoradiograms of [125I] o- and m-BON in rats showed high uptake in the parietal cortex, vestibular nucleus, and pons nucleus and moderate uptake in the thalamus, inferior colliculus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and temporal cortex. These ex vivo autoradiograms were comparable with the histochemical distribution of sigma receptors. Furthermore, the uptake of [125I] o- and m-BON reflected quantitative amounts of sigma receptor in the brain. These results demonstrated that radiolabeled o- and m-BON have good characteristics for mapping sigma receptors in the CNS and the peripheral organs with SPECT.     

Difference in calcium metabolism following billroth-I and billroth-II procedures for gastric and duodenal ulcers

There have been 7 patients with postoperative osteomalacia in our series of 500 patients who had a gastrectomy for gastric or duodenal ulcers. All seven of these patients had a Billroth-II type gastrojejunostomy or esophagojejunostomy which caused food to bypass the duodenum and the upper part of the jejunum, and six of these patients showed milk intolerance and had diarrhea on food other than cow's milk. From this finding, it may be surmised that patients are predisposed to osteopenia after gastrectomy due to disorder in the process of calcium absorption and they develop osteomalacia when treated with the Billroth-II procedure, showing milk intolerance and diarrhea on food other than cow's milk.     

Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxypropane by using cobalt(II) acetate and acetic acid

The copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxypropane was investigated at 80°C in dioxane by using cobalt(II) acetate as catalyst in the presence of acetic acid. The addition of acetic acid hardly diminishes the copolymer yield, but the number average molecular weight of the copolymer decreases in proportion to the concentration of acetic acid. The ¹H NMR spectrum of the copolymer displays a very strong peak due to the methyl protons attached to an ester carbonyl group (? O? CO? CH₃). From these results it has been concluded that acetic acid causes a transfer reaction which leads to acetoxy end groups (cf. Eq. (14) below). Some other carboxylic acids, such as C₆H₅COOH, ClH₂CCOOH, Cl₂HCCOOH etc., were found to cause similar transfer reactions, too.