医学生营养知识与膳食状况调查

①目的了解医学生营养知识的掌握情况及对教育传播方式的需求意见，以加强营养知识教育，改善大学生的健康素质。②方法对762名在校大学生进行问卷调查。③结果医学院在校生对营养知识及常识掌握深度和广度都不够，但渴求得到营养知识的欲望比较高，对营养知识的重要性认识正确。有73．6％的学生认为营养知识对生活很重要。87．2％的学生愿意接受营养知识的教育，对营养知识教育的传播方式也表现出特有的需求意向。大学生的膳食结构不够合理，奶类、薯类、鱼虾禽类、豆制品摄入不足。④结论应加强医学生营养知识教育，使医学生做到科学合理的安排膳食，改善饮食行为，促进身体健康。     

Mechanisms of protective action of radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) against experimental hepatic injury in rats]

The results indicated that RSM could significantly inhibit the lipid peroxidation of normal livers and cultured hepatocytes of rats, induce liver microsomal cytochrome P450 in normal rats, increase nucleic acids, proteins, urea and cerolloplasmin of damaged cultured hepatocytes of rats, relieve ultrastructural damage of cultured hepatocytes induced by CCl4. The pharmacological actions mentioned above should be considered as important mechanisms of RSM against liver injury.     

Otolaryngologic approach to the diagnosis and management of otitis media

Otitis media is a common childhood disease caused by multiple factors. Understanding the pathogenesis of otitis media is important in the diagnosis and management of it. The mode of therapy should be chosen depending on the type and stage of the disease. Treatment options available to an otolaryngologist include antibiotics, tympanocentesis, myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertions, adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy, exploratory tympanotomy, atympanoplasty, and mastoidectomy.     

Large French-Canadian family with Lewy body parkinsonism: exclusion of known loci.

The identification of rare, large families with Parkinson's disease (PD) has provided important clues that have contributed to our understanding of this complex disorder. We have identified a large French-Canadian kindred that spans five generations consisting of more than 90 individuals. A total of 65 individuals now have been examined, had venous blood drawn, and DNA extracted. Two-point and multipoint linkage analysis was performed to assess linkage to known PD genes or loci. Within the third and fourth generations of this family there are 10 living, plus 3 deceased members with well-documented levodopa responsive parkinsonism. Autopsy results on 1 member demonstrated the loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of alpha-synuclein positive Lewy bodies. Four of the PD patients have prominent postural and kinetic tremors that preceded their parkinsonism by up to 10 years. Two other individuals within the family have prominent isolated postural and kinetic tremors without parkinsonism. The alpha-synuclein(4q21.3-23), Parkin(6q25.2-27), PARK3 (2p13), PARK4, and ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase-L1 (4p14-16.3) and PARK6 and PARK7 (1p35-36) loci were excluded in this kindred using closely linked markers. The clinical and pathological features of this family are consistent with the diagnosis of PD. This family further demonstrates the known genetic heterogeneity in PD and is large enough that a genome-wide screen has been undertaken in an effort to identify a novel PD gene.     

Paraffinoma in the urinary bladder: CT findings.

A case of a paraffinoma in the urinary bladder is presented. Plain radiography and intravenous urography showed a low attenuation filling defect in the urinary bladder, and CT demonstrated a lobulated fat-attenuation mass floating in the urinary bladder.     

中枢和外周脑钠素(BNP)调节醛固酮分泌的不同作用

将BNP和AT-Ⅱ、ACTH AVP单独或BNP与这3种肽分别合并在大鼠icv或iv注入后观察血Ald浓度的变化。实验结果表明:①iv给予AVP(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))、ACTH(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))和AT-Ⅱ(5 v.g/3 ml·h(-1)),1h后均能增加血Ald的浓度。iv给予BNP(5μg/3ml·h(-1))能明显抑制AVP和ACTH的刺激作用,而不影响AT-Ⅱ的刺激作用。②icv给予BNP(2 Vg/10 pl NS)能降低血Aid浓度。icv给予AVP(2μg/10μl NS)能增加血Aid浓度,但ACTH(2μg/10μl NS)和AT-Ⅱ(2μg/10μl NS)无此种作用。但如脑室同时给予BNP(2μg/10μlNS)却可明显刺激Aid分泌。③icv注入BNP对外周注入的3种多肽的刺激作用无任何影响。从上述的实验结果可看出:脑内BNP可“反常”地增加AT-Ⅱ、ACTH和AVP对Ald分泌的刺激作用,与外周抑制AVP,ACTH的刺激作用不同。而脑内BNP不影响这3种多肽的外周刺激作用。结论是脑内BNP以其独特的方式调节Ald的分泌,控制水盐代谢。     

紫外分光光度法测定对乙酰氨基酚泡腾片含量

本文用紫外分光光度法在２５７±１ｎｍ波长处测定对乙酰氨基酚泡腾片的含量，其浓度与吸收度的线性关系良好，相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９９８。平均回收率为９９．９４％，变异系数为０．２０％。本法简便、快速、结果准确。     

Partial mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and radiotherapy as a new treatment modality of breast cancer (I).

This is the first preliminary report among two consecutive papers. Partial mastectomy(PM), axillary lymph node dissection(AD) and radiotherapy (RT) were performed on seventeen operable breast cancer patients who had been admitted from April 1991 to March 1992 to the department of surgery, Yongdong Severance Hospital for improved cosmetic appearance and better survival rate. Of seventeen patients, 47% were T1 lesion and 76% were stage I and II. Extensive intraductal component(EIC) within or around the tumor was also analyzed. Twenty nine per cent of the patients were EIC positive. The mean number of axillary lymph nodes was 21.5 after PM with AD and 20.5 after mastectomy. For radiotherapy, 4,500 rad was delivered to the breast parenchyma and 1,600 rad of boost to the primary tumor site using the electron beam method after surgery. All patients have since been living well without any local recurrence and were satisfied with breast preservation for the one-year follow-up period. We concluded that the PM, AD and RT can be another surgical treatment modality of breast cancer. A longer follow-up data will be followed on the second paper.