唇腭裂患者上颌骨牵引成骨术后发音方式的变化

目的:通过对行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术(rigidexternaldistraction,RED)唇腭裂患者治疗前后的错误发音数量变化、不同发音部位、不同发音方法以及不同类型错误发音发生特点及其变化评价,分析上颌骨RED对患者发音方式的影响。方法:1999年至2001年行上颌骨RED的唇腭裂术后上颌发育不足患者21例,其中男性13例,女性8例,平均年龄15.05岁。所有患者RED前后进行语音测听并分类。治疗前后错误发音的差异性用非参数检验。结果:RED术后42.9%患者错误发音数较RED前增加,19.0%减少,38.1%无变化。从发音部位,舌尖前音错误发音发生率最高,其次为舌面音。从发音方法,错误发音多发于塞擦音。错误发音类型以咽喉摩擦/爆破音为主,其次为腭化构音和声门爆破音。上颌骨RED后腭化构音累及音节数减少,但咽喉摩擦/爆破音和声门爆破音反而增加,尤其是咽喉摩擦/爆破音。结论:唇腭裂患者经RED前移上颌骨后,会对患者发音方式产生影响,在行语音治疗前需考虑全面。     

前列腺癌新辅助治疗临床分析（附32例报告）

目的 总结32例前列腺癌患者新辅助治疗（NHT）的作用。方法 32例前列腺癌患者中药物去势17例，手术去势15例，并联合抗雄激素治疗3个月，统计NHT前后前列腺癌体积、肿瘤大小、PSA、FSH、LH和睾酮水平变化。结果 2组NHT后前列腺体积明显变小、肿瘤变小、变软，甚至消失，PSA和睾酮明显下降，药物去势组睾酮水平在耻骨后前列腺癌根治术（RRP）术后2～3个月可恢复正常，而手术去势组RRP术后睾酮呈持续低水平。结论 NHT可明显缩小前列腺体积，降低PSA，有利于手术操作。药物去势对内分泌影响是可逆的，而手术去势内分泌改变不可逆。     

导航在长骨干骨折髓内钉固定中的应用

目的阐述透视导航技术在长骨干(股骨和胫骨)骨折,特别是在术中远端交锁髓内钉固定中的应用。探索在导航条件下术中应用髓内钉图像库开展远端交锁固定的可行性。此外,医用机器人的开发旨在被进一步用来改善手术程序的精确性。方法导航手术下,55例行股骨远端交锁钉固定和36例行胫骨远端交锁钉固定。其中13例术中应用图像库开展远端交锁固定。结果远端交锁固定成功率为97%。结论透视导航在长骨干骨折术中,使远端髓内交锁钉固定成功率增高。图像库的应用可以进一步减少患者和手术人员的X线辐射剂量。     

Association of the GNAS1 gene variant with hypertension is dependent on alcohol consumption.

The beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR)-stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding (Gs) protein system has been shown to play important roles in the cardiovascular system. The gene encoding the alpha-subunit of Gs proteins (GNAS1) is a candidate genetic determinant for hypertension. Because alcohol consumption is known to affect blood pressure partly through the beta-AR-Gs protein system, we examined the possible interaction between GNAS1 T393C polymorphism and drinking status in the association with hypertension in the present study. As a result, a non-significant but reasonable trend supporting the presence of an interaction was shown (p = 0.076). In line with this trend, the T393C polymorphism significantly interacted with drinking status in the association with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.028). Moreover, supporting the presence of an interaction, T allele carriers consistently had a higher probability of hypertension, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher diastolic blood pressure than CC homozygotes in non-drinkers and light drinkers. In contrast, CC homozygotes consistently had a higher probability of hypertension, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher diastolic blood pressure than T allele carriers in moderate to heavy drinkers. The present study also showed a significant interaction between the T393C polymorphism and drinking status in the association with pulse pressure (p = 0.026), reflected by a significant association between the T393C polymorphism and pulse pressure in moderate to heavy drinkers (p = 0.026). These findings may be helpful in conducting further molecular and biological studies on the relationship among the effects of alcohol, the beta-AR-Gs protein system, and hypertension.     

蛋白酶对降低异常精液粘稠度的实验对比研究

目的通过不同蛋白酶类对降低高粘稠度精液的粘稠度效果对比,寻找理想的降低精液粘稠度的药物。方法将高粘稠度精液标本分为两组,A组:31例采用α-糜蛋白酶降低精液粘稠度:B组:32例采用尿激酶降低精液粘稠度;两组均观察用药前后的精子活动力。采用配对t检验和单因素方差分析对所得数据作统计学处理。结果高粘稠度精液用药物(α-糜蛋白酶或者尿激酶)液化精液后,精子的活动力较用药前有明显提高(P<0．001);用药前后精液的粘稠度都存在着明显的差异,精液的粘稠度分别下降44．83％和55．45％(P<0．001);在A组和B组的对比研究中,单因素方差分析检验提示:用药后两组间粘稠度数据有显著的差异(P<0．001￡(?)。结论蛋白酶可以有效地降低异常精液粘稠度的精液,从实验结果提示尿激酶降低精液粘稠度的效果优于α-糜蛋白酶,这有助于临床开展应用性研究和治疗。     

螺旋CT在小肾癌诊断中的价值

目的评价螺旋CT多期扫描在小肾癌诊断中的价值。方法收集经手术病理证实的小肾癌14例,分析其螺旋CT平扫、皮质期、实质期及肾盂期的表现。结果CT平扫病灶呈等密度7例,稍低密度5例,稍高密度1例,1例为囊实性肿块,其中2例伴斑点状钙化。增强扫描皮质期12例呈明显强化,2例呈轻中度强化。肾实质期肿瘤密度迅速减退,肾盂期肿瘤密度进一步减退。结论小肾癌螺旋CT增强多期扫描征象有一定特征性,对小肾癌的诊断有重要价值。     

Extracting flavonoids from Smilax glabra by microwave-assisted method]

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the process of extracting flavonoids from Smilax glabra. METHODS: Flavonoids were extracted from Smilax glabra by microwave-assisted method, and the extracting time, microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid-solvent ratio and extracting temperature were optimized through single factor experiment and orthogonal test. RESULTS: The optimun process parameters of extracting flavonoids were as follows: the extracting time, microwave power, ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extracting temperature were 5 minutes, 600 W, 60%, 1:30 and 80 degrees C, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed method has been applied stably and reliably to the extraction of flavonoids from Smilax glabra which has the advantages of high recovery and short extraction time. The recovery, the yield and the content of falvonoids are 93.2%, 2.66% and 32.6%, respectively.     

大网膜包裹人工神经移植体再血管化及神经再生的研究

目的 探讨大网膜包裹人工神经移植体的早期再血管化，以及增强移植体血供对神经再生的影响。方法 75只大耳白兔制作成左前肢正中神经2．0cm缺损，随机分成3组：A组，带蒂大网膜包裹人工神经移植体移植；B组，人工神经移植体桥接神经缺损；C组，自体神经桥接神经缺损，作为对照组。术后3、7和14d应用伊凡思蓝（evans blue bound to albumin，EBA）毛细血管造影，检测各组移植体的再血管化；术后12周通过电生理、光镜、透射电镜等检测评估神经再生的效果。结果 A、C组术后3d移植神经出现再血管化，7d和14d再血管化程度逐渐增强；B组7d出现再血管化，与A、C组比较，再血管化延迟。术后12周，A组和C组运动神经传导速度、有髓神经纤维密度、神经内纤维组织面积及面积比、髓鞘厚度、髓鞘直径等差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但均优于B组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 大网膜包裹人工神经移植体可促进移植体早期再血管化，增强移植体血供，促进神经再生。     

Primary amyloidosis of the urinary bladder.

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease that usually occurs in the gastrointestinal tract or in muscular or adipose tissue. Primary amyloidosis of the urinary bladder is a rare disease that can mimic bladder cancer on cystoscopic examination as well as in its clinical presentation of painless gross hematuria. This report describes a 49-year-old male with repeated painless gross hematuria, who underwent transurethral resection of a suspected bladder tumor. Pathologic examination revealed papillary urothelial hyperplasia with vascular ectasia and no signs of malignancy. Massive gross hematuria occurred 2.5 years later. Cystoscopy showed multiple papillary lesions with yellowish-brown submucosal plaques on the posterior bladder wall. A second transurethral tumor resection was performed and histologic examination revealed plasma cell infiltration and eosinophilic amorphous deposits in the subepithelial stroma and vascular wall. The deposits were positive for Congo red and apple-green birefringence under polarized light examination but negative for Masson's trichrome stain, indicating that they were not fibrotic in nature. Hence, the diagnosis of amyloidosis of the urinary bladder was confirmed. Screening for amyloidosis was negative in other organ systems and the patient has remained disease-free up to the last follow-up 4 years after the second transurethral resection. Amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent hematuria who have symptoms characteristic of bladder cancer but negative pathologic study for malignancy. Correct diagnosis relies on clinical alertness and the use of a special staining technique during pathologic examination.