基于SOCS通路探讨糖尿病足溃疡治疗中中药“去腐生新”作用的研究进展

糖尿病足溃疡（DFUs）是糖尿病严重的并发症之一，发病率和截肢率高，目前具体发病机制仍未完全明确。相关研究表明，炎症、感染和营养障碍等多种因素共同影响DFUs的转归及预后。抑制相关炎症通路和细胞因子表达，可促使坏死组织脱落促进愈合。此外，细胞因子信号传导抑制因子家族蛋白（SOCS）可通过激活蛋白酪氨酸激酶（JAK）/信号转导和转录活化因子（STAT）信号通路参与细胞因子信号转导，参与DFUs创面炎症反应以及愈合过程。近年来，大量研究发现具有“去腐生新”功效的单味中药及其活性成分、中药复方对DFUs具有很好的疗效，研究中药治疗DFUs的具体机制已成为近些年来研究的热点之一。文章查阅近年文献，就SOCS通路与DFUs的关系及中医药治疗DFUs作用机制进行综述。     

Effect of regular swimming exercise to duration-intensity on neurocognitive function in cerebral infarction rat model

Objective: This study investigated the effect of regular swimming exercise according to the duration-intensity on neurocognitive function in a cerebral infarction rat model.

Methods: Forty male Sprague–Dawley 10-week-old rats, weighing 300 ± 50 g, were subjected to photothrombotic cerebral infarction. The remaining 36 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 9 per group: non-exercise (group A); swimming exercise of short duration-intensity (5 min/day, group B); swimming exercise of moderate duration-intensity (10 min/day, group C); and swimming exercise of long duration-intensity (20 min/day, group D). Exercise was performed five times a week for 4 weeks, beginning the day after cerebral infarction. Neurocognitive function was evaluated with the Morris water maze test. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis examined brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 4 weeks postinfarction.

Results: At 4 weeks postinfarction, escape latency was found to be shorter in group C than in any of groups A, B, or D. Immunohistochemistry revealed the most significant immunoreactivity for BDNF and VEGF in group C. Western blot analysis demonstrated that BDNF and VEGF proteins were markedly expressed in group C.

Conclusions: Regular swimming exercise of moderate duration-intensity may be the most effective exercise protocol for the recovery of neurocognitive function in cerebral infarction rat model.     

Effects of a summer school-readiness programme on measures of literacy and behaviour growth: a pilot study

Young children enter kindergarten with varying levels of readiness and abilities to learn. One factor that contributes to lower levels of school readiness is poverty. One timely, cost-effective, and feasible strategy to boost school readiness, regardless of exposure to high-quality preschool is to leverage the summer months prior to kindergarten entry and provide comprehensive, evidence-based programming immediately before the school year begins. The current study implemented a community-based summer programme targeted at improving school readiness for 25 four- and five-year-old children in a low-income community. Across the 9-week study, children participated in two types of early literacy activities and the Incredible Years social/emotional learning curriculum. Results indicate that participants demonstrated significant growth across three early literacy skills and were rated as overall stable regarding their behaviour across the summer. These results are discussed along with implications and future directions in this line of research.