全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2235篇 |
免费 | 123篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 29篇 |
儿科学 | 28篇 |
妇产科学 | 59篇 |
基础医学 | 354篇 |
口腔科学 | 47篇 |
临床医学 | 235篇 |
内科学 | 391篇 |
皮肤病学 | 34篇 |
神经病学 | 325篇 |
特种医学 | 83篇 |
外科学 | 366篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 131篇 |
眼科学 | 53篇 |
药学 | 146篇 |
肿瘤学 | 80篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 48篇 |
2018年 | 41篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 54篇 |
2014年 | 73篇 |
2013年 | 123篇 |
2012年 | 166篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 101篇 |
2009年 | 85篇 |
2008年 | 146篇 |
2007年 | 160篇 |
2006年 | 135篇 |
2005年 | 140篇 |
2004年 | 133篇 |
2003年 | 151篇 |
2002年 | 139篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2369条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
53.
Nikkonen Sami Töyräs Juha Mervaala Esa Myllymaa Sami Terrill Philip Leppänen Timo 《Sleep & breathing》2020,24(1):379-386
Sleep and Breathing - Diagnostics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) determined as full-night average of occurred events. We investigate our hypothesis that... 相似文献
54.
Paakkanen R Lokki ML Seppänen M Tierala I Nieminen MS Sinisalo J 《Atherosclerosis》2012,221(2):461-466
BackgroundMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene region harbours haplotypes that associate with coronary artery disease (CAD). Their role in ST-elevation infarction (STEMI) or on the inflammatory level is not known.MethodsFour candidate MHC markers were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and constructed into haplotypes from patients with STEMI (n = 162), matched controls with no CAD (n = 319) and general population sample (n = 149). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was assessed in a follow-up visit from patients (n = 86) and at inclusion from other study subjects.ResultsThe haplotype with one copy of HLA-DRB1*01, C4A, C4B but no HLA-B*35 doubled the risk of STEMI (OR = 2.15, 95%CI = 1.11–4.15, p = 0.020 for patients vs. controls, and OR = 2.26, 95%CI = 0.97–5.24, p = 0.052 for patients vs. population sample). The association between patients and controls persisted in multivariate analyses. The frequency of the haplotype was 5.86% (n = 19/324) in patients, 2.82% (n = 18/638) in controls and 2.68% (n = 8/298) in population sample. None of the individual MHC markers alone showed significant association with STEMI.In multivariate analyses, the haplotype carriers had higher hsCRP levels in patients (median 3.37 mg/L in carriers vs. 1.14 mg/L in non-carriers, p = 0.019) and in controls (median 2.90 mg/L vs. 1.21 mg/L, p = 0.009, respectively).ConclusionThe MHC haplotype associates with STEMI and elevated baseline hsCRP levels. The results are in concordance with previous data on non-STEMI patients, implying that a HLA-DRB1*01 – related haplotype increases the risk of CAD, possibly though increased inflammation. 相似文献
55.
Meriläinen S Mäkelä J Koivukangas V Jensen HA Rimpiläinen E Yannopoulos F Mäkelä T Alestalo K Vakkala M Koskenkari J Ohtonen P Koskela M Lehenkari P Karttunen T Juvonen T 《Hepato-gastroenterology》2012,59(114):599-606
Background/Aims: To examine whether intestinal bacterial translocation occurs early in acute mild and severe pancreatitis and whether the intestinal expression of tight junction proteins (claudins-2, -3, -4, -5, -7), apoptosis or proliferation would explain the possible translocation. Methodology: Fifteen pigs were randomized to controls (n=5) or to develop mild edematous pancreatitis (n=5, saline infusion to pancreatic duct) or severe necrotic pancreatitis (n=5, taurocholic acid infusion). Translocation was studied by measuring bacterial cultures from portal vein blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical expression of the tight junction proteins, apoptosis rate (TUNEL) and Ki-67 were analyzed quantitatively from the epithelium of the jejunum and colon. Results: There was no bacterial translocation during the 6 hours followup, nor changes in the expression of tight junction proteins claudins-2 and -5 in jejunum or colon. Saturation and proportional area of claudin-3 staining decreased in the colon, as did claudins-4 and -7 staining in the jejunum of the necrotic pancreatitis group. Increased apoptosis was found in all samples from controls and the edematous pancreatitis group but not in jejunum in the necrotic pancreatitis group. Ki-67 activity tended to increase in the upper half of the villus in edematous and necrotic pancreatitis. There were no changes in the basic histology. Conclusions: The major finding of this study was that bacterial translocation from the gut is not present at the beginning of acute pancreatitis. Tight junction proteins claudin-2 and -5 do not become altered in the early stages of pancreatitis. Claudin-3 decreases in the colon and claudins-4 and -7 in the jejunum in necrotic pancreatitis. Laparotomy itself causes increased apoptosis in the colon and the jejunum. 相似文献
56.
Costan G. Magnussen Juha Koskinen Markus Juonala Wei Chen Sathanur R. Srinivasan Matthew A. Sabin Russell Thomson Michael D. Schmidt Quoc Manh Nguyen Ji-Hua Xu Michael R. Skilton Mika Kähönen Tomi Laitinen Leena Taittonen Terho Lehtimäki Tapani Rönnemaa Jorma S.A. Viikari Gerald S. Berenson Olli T. Raitakari 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2012
57.
58.
Cuimin Wang Xiaoju Hu Xiangmo Xie Pengfei Liu Juha Merilä Qiong Zhang Meng-Hua Li 《Conservation Genetics Resources》2013,5(4):915-924
We developed and characterized 113 polymorphic microsatellites in the Tibetan frog (Nanorana parkeri) using 454 GS-FLX next generation sequencing technology. These loci were tested in 46 individuals from two N. parkeri populations from the Tibetan plateau. The average number of alleles per locus was 8.09 (range = 2–20). The average observed heterozygosities (H O) per locus in the two populations were 0.58 (range = 0.04–1) and 0.29 (range = 0–0.87), respectively. These microsatellites will be useful for population and conservation genetics studies of N. parkeri and other closely related species. 相似文献
59.
Anna-Liisa Svedström-Oristo Terttu Pietilä Ilpo Pietilä Hans Helenius Pentti Alanen Juha Varrela 《Acta odontologica Scandinavica》2013,71(3):160-166
There is no general agreement on criteria that could be applied to distinguish between orthodontically acceptable and non-acceptable occlusions after the completion of dental development. The aim of the present study was to analyse morphological and functional features that could be used as an index to define an acceptable occlusion in young adults. Three expert panels representing specialists in orthodontics and stomatognathic physiology participated in a modified Delphi method. Each panel responded to a questionnaire concerning the usefulness of various occlusal features, and a set of characteristics was selected on the basis of the responses; thereafter, applicability of the chosen characteristics and their cutoffs for an acceptable-non-acceptable dichotomy was tested clinically. To obtain a consensus level of 100%, the last panel session was completed with a group discussion. Assessments made using the morphological criteria were compared with those made with the dental health component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The selected morphological characteristics consisted of overjet, overbite, canine relationship, crossbite, scissors bite and midline deviation. The functional evaluation comprised assessments of discrepancy between the centric relation and the intercuspal position, working- and non-working-side contacts and protrusion contacts. The dental health component and our morphological criteria showed different sensitivity to contact point displacements, interdigitation in buccal segments and increased overbite. This study provides a set of morphological and functional indicators reflecting the current consensus opinion of Finnish professionals. Further studies are needed to analyse the reproducibility of assessment of the characteristics included. 相似文献
60.
Kirsi Sipilä Juha Veijola Jari Jokelainen Marjo-Ritta Järvelin Kyösti S. Oikarinen Aune M. Raustia 《Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice》2013,31(3):183-187
Facial pain and other symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are rather common in the adult population. According to clinical studies, psychological factors play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of these symptoms. On the other hand, chronic pain can cause depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between symptoms of TMD and depression in a large population sample of young adults. The study was a part of the 31-year follow-up study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort consisting of 12,058 live births from the year 1966. Questionnaire information concerning TMD symptoms was collected from a subsample of 5,696 subjects. Depression was measured with a question about reported depression (diagnosed by a doctor) and with the Symptom Checklist depression subscale (SCL-25 DS). Of the TMD symptoms, those related to pain had the most significant relations to indicators of depression. In both genders, the proportion of depression indicated with the SCL-25 DS was significantly higher in subjects with pain-related symptoms of TMD, i.e., facial pain and “pain at jaw rest”, and in men with “pain on jaw movement”, compared with non-pain subjects (p<0.05). Other symptoms of TMD also associated significantly with SCL-25 DS (p>0.05), except “difficulties in mouth opening” among women. Among women, the prevalence of recognized depression was also significantly higher in subjects with pain-related symptoms of TMD, compared with subjects with no pain (p≤0.05). Almost all the associations remained significant after adjusting for marital status, education, and self-rated general health. In conclusion, the results show that depression has an association with TMD symptoms, especially those related to pain. When treating patients with facial pain, dentists should consider the possible presence of psychopathology and, if necessary, consult appropriate mental health professionals. 相似文献