Heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) represents a serious side effect caused by an atypical immune response to platelet factor 4 leading to platelet activation and thrombin formation. These patients are at high risk of thromboembolism, with a rapid drop in platelet count between days 5 and 14 after the initiation of heparin treatment. In single cases, especially after major surgery, platelet count reduction might be absent or hidden by preceding thrombocytosis. Different clinical manifestations of HIT include unspecific skin reactions with potential necrosis at the site of heparin injection, mostly after the application of unfractionated heparin but also with low molecular weight heparin. In heparin-induced skin necrosis, administration of unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin is contraindicated and heparin therapy should be stopped immediately. Instead, an alternative anticoagulant in the form of a direct thrombin inhibitor such as argatroban, and respectively lepirudin, or danaparoid sodium must be administered. Due to frequent misinterpretations of heparin-induced unspecific skin reactions, especially in the absence of thrombocytopenia, we present two case reports which should increase the awareness of HIT’s various clinical pictures.     

Medizinische Beurteilungskriterien zu bandscheibenbedingten Berufskrankheiten der Lendenwirbelsäule (II)

The first part of this serial paper dealt with the medical criteria used in evaluation of the clinical picture caused by physical stress and the evaluation of other candidate causes and was published in issue no. 3/2005 (pp. 711–752) of Trauma and Berufskrankheit. This follow-up paper (II) presents criteria to be used in the evaluation of whether it is necessary to give up the occupations putting the spine at risk and in estimation of the degree of disability.     

Okulokutane Hypopigmentierung und thrombozytäre Gerinnungsstörung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

123I-amphetamine-SPECT in classical migraine and migraine accompagnée

Migraine is considered to be a functional neurological disorder. In classical migraine (headache associated with prodromal visual field disturbances) and migraine accompagnée (headache associated with transient neurological symptoms), disturbances of cerebral blood flow and amine metabolism are thought to be pathogenetic factors. However, conventional methods of neuroimaging (CAT, NMR) usually do not yield any pathological findings in patients. Since 123I-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) crosses the intact blood brain barrier, 123I-IMP-SPECT is used for the assessment of cerebral perfusion in various neurological diseases, including functional disorders. 123I-IMP-SPECT was performed on 5 patients with classical migraine and 18 patients with migraine accompagnée. At the time of investigation, all patients were symptom-free. Cerebral blood flow was decreased in all patients with migraine accompagnée, and often corresponded to the site of headache as well as to the topography of transient neurological symptoms. This reduction was most obvious in a patient with persisting neurological symptoms. Most patients with classical migraine, however, did not show any alteration of cerebral perfusion. It appears that migraine--and in particular migraine accompagnée--is characterized by a permanent alteration not only of cerebral blood flow but also of neuronal activity. Migraine attacks may occur in connection with exacerbations of preexisting metabolic alterations.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bcl11b</Emphasis>mutations identified in murine lymphomas increase the proliferation rate of hematopoietic progenitor cells

Background  

The telomeric region of mouse chromosome 12 has previously shown frequent allelic loss in murine lymphoma. The Bcl11b gene has been identified and suggested as a candidate tumor suppressor gene within this region. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether Bcl11b is mutated in lymphomas with allelic loss, and whether the mutations we detected conferred any effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis.     

Ergebnisse der operativen Behandlung des idiopathischen Klumpfußes unter Verwendung eines dorsomedialen Zugangs mit Weichteilpräparation „à la carte“

ZusammenfassungEinleitung In unserer Klinik wird seit über 30 Jahren die operative Behandlung von Klumpfüßen über einen dorsomedialen Zugang durchgeführt. Postoperativ erfolgt zunächst eine Gipsbehandlung, dann eine konsequente Nachbehandlung mit Orthesen und Winkeleinlagen.Material und Methode Zwischen dem 1. 6. 1986 und dem 31. 12. 2000 wurden 130 primäre Klumpfußweichteiloperationen bei 86 Patienten durchgeführt. 119 (92%) Füße konnten nach durchschnittlich 4,5 Jahren klinisch-radiologisch nachuntersucht werden. Das durchschnittliche Alter bei der Operation betrug 7,6 Monate. Klassifikation nach Dimeglio und Score nach Laaveg und Ponseti dienten zur Beurteilung. Die gemessenen Winkel in den belasteten Röntgenbildern des Fußes a.p. und seitlich prä- und postoperativ wurden verglichen, Komplikationen und Rezidive dokumentiert.Ergebnisse 29 (22,3%) Füße wiesen einen Schweregrad IV nach Dimeglio, 58 (44,6%) Grad III und 43 (33,1%) Grad II auf. Ein Klumpfußrezidiv war bei 9 (7,6%) Fällen zu beobachten. Alle Winkel verbesserten sich signifikant. Bei der Nachuntersuchung wurden durchschnittlich 95,4±9,2 Punkte nach dem Score von Laaveg und Ponseti erzielt.Schlussfolgerung Der von uns verwendete dorsomediale Zugangsweg erlaubt eine ausgezeichnete Klumpfußkorrektur mit geringer Rezidiv- und Komplikationsrate.     

Arthroscopic treatment of lateral epicondylitis: Indication, technique and early results

The purpose of this study is to present the results of the arthroscopic treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Twenty patients with lateral epicondylitis (mean age 42 years) were treated arthroscopically. The average duration of symptoms prior to surgery was 14 months. The arthroscopic joint inspection showed an intact capsule in seven patients (type-I lesion), in eight patients a linear capsule tear (type-II lesion) and in six patients a complete rupture of the capsule (type-III lesion). An associated intraarticular pathology was documented in eight patients. Within an average follow-up period of 1.8 years, local pain and function were documented and analyzed. Subjective pain at rest was reduced from 5.0 to 0.5 points, pain at daily living activities from 6.0 to 1.0 points and pain at athletic activities from 7.3 to 1.2 points in the VAS score. Function increased from 5.2 to an average value of 10.9 (max. 12 points). Patients returned back to work after 3.2 weeks. In conclusion, the arthroscopic release in patients with radial epicondylitis is a reproducible method with a marked postoperative increase in function within a short rehabilitation period.