输尿管镜下超声与气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石并急性梗阻性尿毒症的比较

目的 比较输尿管镜下超声碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗并发急性梗阻性尿毒症的输尿管上段结石的临床疗效及其优缺点.方法 回顾性分析我院2009年5月至2012年5月的104例输尿管上段结石并发急性梗阻性尿毒症患者的临床资料.采用输尿管镜下超声碎石术（组1）和输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术（组2）治疗的患者各52例,统计并比较两组的住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率及并发症发生情况.结果 两组患者术后肾功能均在短期内恢复正常,组1与组2相比较,组1结石清除率高、手术时间短、住院时间短、术后感染率低,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组均无输尿管穿孔、撕脱等并发症.结论 输尿管镜下超声碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石并发急性梗阻性尿毒症是一种安全、有效的理想手术方法,不增加手术并发症.     

神经外科护士参与质量管理的实践

目的探讨病区护士参与质量管理对神经外科护理质量的影响。方法2012年(实施前)单纯由护士长和质控员实施病区护理质量管理;2013年(实施后)全体护士参与病区护理质量管理,质控问题及时反馈整改,将质控结果纳入护士当月绩效考核。结果全体护士参与病区护理质量管理后,病区护理质量指标检查评分较实施前显著提升(均P0.01)。结论全体护士参与质量管理能提高护理质量,提高护士满意度。     

Consecutive flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar with improved donor site closure

Objective：To explore a surgical model of utilizing consecutive free scapular flap and adjacent pedicled flap transfer for repairing massive soft tissue defects on the dorsum of the hand while minimizing the donor site morbidity.Methods：Six patients with massive soft tissue injuries on the opisthenar and forearm were treated with free scapular flaps.Afterwards,a pedicled flap adjacent to the donor site was transferred to cover the donor site defect by direct closure.Results：All six free scapular flaps survived without signs of infection.Three adjacent pedicled flaps presented minor signs of insufficient blood flow on the distal apex,which resolved after six weeks with only conservative therapy.All the incisions healed without other complications.At six-month follow-up,the patients regained full shoulder function.Conclusion：With the assistance of an adjacent pedicled flap,the scapular flap is a highly applicable approach in repairing massive soft tissue defects in the opisthenar.It can achieve positive outcomes in both reconstructive and aesthetic aspects.     

Remote ischemic conditioning enhanced the early recovery of renal function in recipients after kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial

Background

To investigate whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) can attenuate ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) in recipients after kidney transplantation using donation after cardiac death.

Methods

Forty-eight recipients referred for kidney transplantation were recruited. The paired recipients who received the kidneys from the same donor were randomly assigned (one received RIC and the other did not). RIC was induced by three 5-min cycles of brief repetitive ischemia and reperfusion by clamping the exposed external iliac artery. Blood samples were withdrawn at hour 2, hour 12, days 1–7, day 14, and day 30 to measure serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate after transplantation. Urine samples were collected at hours 2, 12, 24, and 48 to measure urine neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin after transplantation. Renal tissues were obtained at 30 min for histologic changes after transplantation.

Results

There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics of the recipients and donors between RIC and control groups. The serum creatinine level was lower in the RIC group compared with that of the control group (12 h, days 1–14, P < 0.05; other P > 0.05); the estimated glomerular filtration rate was higher in the RIC group compared with that of the control group (12 h, days 1–14, P < 0.05; other P > 0.05); urine neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, an early marker of IRI, was lower in the RIC group at hours 2, 12, 24, and 48 (2 h, 48 h, P > 0.05; 12 h, 24 h, P < 0.05) compared with that of the control group. The graft pathology showed no differences between RIC and control groups.

Conclusions

RIC enhanced the early recovery of renal function in recipients after kidney transplantation. Our results provide a novel potential approach to attenuate transplantation-associated IRI.     

Feasibility and safety of single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy: a systematic review

Objective

The aim of this review was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of single-incision laparoscopic splenectomy (SILS-Sp).

Methods

We conducted a systemic review of literature between 2009 and 2012 to retrieve all relevant articles.

Results

A total of 29 studies with 105 patients undergoing SILS-Sp were reviewed. Fifteen studies used a commercially available single-port device. The range of body mass index was 14.7–41.4 kg/m². Six studies described combined operations including cholecystectomy (n = 8), mesh-pexy (n = 1), and pericardial devascularizaion (n = 1). The ranges of operative times and estimated blood losses were 28–420 min and 0–350 mL, respectively. Of 105 patients, three patients (2.9%) required additional ports, two patients (1.9%) were converted to open, and three patients (2.9%) to conventional multiport laparoscopic splenectomy (overall conversion rate, 4.8%). Postoperative bleeding occurred in two patients (1.9%) who both required reoperation. Overall mortality was 0% (0/105). The length of postoperative stay varied across reports (1–11 d). Among four comparative studies, one showed greater estimated blood loss and lower numeric pain rating scale score in the SILS-Sp group than in the multiport laparoscopic splenectomy group (206.25 ± 142.45 versus 111.11 ± 99.58 mL) and (3.81 ± 0.91 versus 4.56 ± 1.29), respectively. Another comparative study showed that SILS-Sp was associated with a shorter operative time (92.5 versus 172 min; P = 0.003), lower conversion rate, equivalent length of hospital stay, reduced mortality, similar morbidity, and comparable postoperative narcotic requirements.

Conclusions

In early series of highly selected patients, SILS-Sp appears to be feasible and safe when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. However, as an emerging operation, publication bias is a factor that should be considered before we can draw an objective conclusion.     

Expression and prognostic significance of p21-activated kinase 6 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

p21-activated protein kinase (PAK) 6 is a serine-threonine kinase belonging to the PAK family. Previous studies have indicated that abnormal expressions of PAK1, PAK2, and PAK5 played critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of PAK6 expression played an important role in oncogenesis. To explore the potential roles of PAK6 in HCC, expression of PAK6 was detected in human HCC specimens.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed for PAK6 in 121 HCC samples. The data were correlated with clinicopathologic features. The univariate and multivariate survival analyses were also performed to determine their clinical prognostic significance.

Results

PAK6 was overexpressed in HCC as compared with the adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. High expression of PAK6 was associated with Edmondson–Steiner grade (P = 0.006) and number of tumor nodules (P < 0.001), and PAK6 was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis suggested that PAK6 expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PAK6 and Ki-67 protein expressions were independent prognostic markers for HCC (P = 0.0245 and 0.0331, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that PAK6 overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of HCC; it may be an independent poor prognostic factor for HCC.     

腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝血管瘤的临床分析

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝血管瘤的可行性和疗效。方法〓回顾性分析2011年1月1日至2012年12月31日中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院肝胆外科实施的18例腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤病例的临床资料。结果〓18例患者均应用腹腔镜完成手术。肝血管瘤平均直径为7.6(5.5~14)cm,手术时间为(121±44)min。13例患者术中选择性半肝阻断,术中平均出血量283(60~900)mL,术后平均住院时间8(6~12)d。术后病理均证实为海绵状血管瘤。术后1例患者并发胸腔积液,经保守治疗痊愈。 结论〓选择合适的病例,掌握半肝血流阻断技术,选择正确的肝实质离断平面,合理应用离断肝实质器械,腹腔镜肝血管瘤手术是安全可行的。     

快速康复理念在肝胆外科围手术期的体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜及胆道镜在肝胆手术快速康复外科的应用。方法〓分析总结2009年11月至2014年5月192例行肝胆手术患者采用快速康复外科理念指导下进行诊治,及腹腔镜及胆道镜在肝胆手术中应用的经验和体会。结果〓死亡病例。192例病人远期随访,行保胆取石114例,有4例复发,1例行胆囊切除术,3例无明显症状,予以定期随访。经“T”管窦道胆道镜探查取石46例,均经1次到最多5次完成取石。其他肝胆手术32例,2例出现但漏,经保守均治愈。结论〓肝胆手术中,只要发挥腹腔镜及胆道镜优势,能够体现快速康复外科的理念。     

全腔镜肺叶切除与开胸肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌的初步体会

【摘要】〓目的〓通过两种术式的比较,评价完全胸腔镜下肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌临床疗效。方法〓回顾分析性分析2012年9月至2013年05月我科行全腔镜下肺叶切除35例术前分期为pT1N0-1M0肺癌患者的资料(VATS组),全组病例均采用全腔镜四孔法完成手术。选取同期行常规开胸手术35例术前分期pT1N0-1M0肺癌患者的临床资料作为对照。比较两组之间手术时间,术中出血量,术后拔管时间,淋巴结清扫数目,术后疼痛,术后并发症发生率,术后住院时间等指标。结果〓无围手术期死亡,VATS组1例患者中转开胸。VATS组患者的术中出血量、引流时间、术后疼痛时间以及住院时间均明显低于常规开胸组患者(P<0.05);VATS组的手术时间、淋巴结清扫数与对照组的差异无统计学意义。结论〓全腔镜肺叶切除治疗早期肺癌安全可行,临床疗效满意。     

Influence of Pretransplantation Dialysis Time and Lupus Activity on Outcome of Kidney Transplantation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background

Kidney transplantation (KT) has better outcome compared with dialysis in lupus patients. The duration lupus patients need to wait before KT remains debatable, especially in patients with lupus activity. We analyzed a renal transplantation database to elucidate if pretransplantation dialysis (PTD) time and lupus activity affected outcome.

Methods

From 1984 to 2012, 31 Chinese lupus nephritis patients underwent KT at our hospital. The lupus activity was defined as nonrenal systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLE-DAI) score. Biopsy-proven acute rejection/recurrent lupus nephritis (RLN) were recorded. Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) was defined as doubling of serum creatinine level. Graft failure was defined as return to dialysis. We calculated relative hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from Cox proportional-hazards regression models.

Results

In total, 31 lupus patients with KT (7 men and 24 women), with a mean age of 35.3 years at transplantation, were enrolled in this study. The mean follow-up duration was 8.2 years. The mean PTD time was 3.3 years. Both PTD time and lupus activity before transplantation had no effect on CAD and graft failure. Longer PTD time was associated with more acute rejection (HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.41). Also, maximal lupus activity after transplantation was associated with more CAD (HR = 6.44; 95% CI, 1.36–30.57).

Conclusion

For Chinese lupus patients with KT, longer PTD time was associated with worse outcome. Patients should undergo KT immediately if a kidney is available for donation, even with active lupus disease. It is necessary to monitor lupus activity after transplantation due to its effect on outcome.