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Persephone Borrow Jennifer L. Cornell Mary D. Ruppe Lennart Mucke 《Journal of neuroimmunology》1995,61(2)
Transgenic mice expressing a defined microbial antigen from central nervous system (CNS) cell type-specific promoters can be utilized to investigate the consequences of induction of peripheral immune responses to foreign antigens produced by different CNS cell types. Immunization of mice expressing β-galactosidase (β-gal) in astrocytes with this protein resulted in antigen-dependent infiltration of the CNS by mononuclear cells, principally CD4+ T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages. The perivascular and intraparenchymal infiltrates, which were located predominantly in the hippocampal formation and cerebellum, the areas of highest β-gal expression, were associated with astrocytosis, microgliosis, and a generalized increase in blood-brain barrier permeability. The resemblance of these pathological changes to aspects of human immune inflammatory CNS disorders e.g. multiple sclerosis, suggests that an initiating step in the process by which such complex diseases are produced could be the induction of peripheral immune responses to antigens expressed in astrocytes. 相似文献
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Summary A semi-quantitative procedure is described for measuring cell viability after short-term exposure to a test substance using
a monolayer culture. Test substances are placed in direct contact with cell monolayers for various time intervals. The substances
are removed and the monolayers are incubated in the presence of fluorescein diacetate. Monolayers are viewed under a fluorescent
microscope and the percentage of fluorescing (viable) cells is estimated. The method is suitable for examining cytotoxic effects
at short times of exposure and for discriminating between test substances that give similar, low toxicity endpoints in standard
24-h assays. 相似文献
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JoAnn D'Avirro Teresa Dotson Barbara LaPierre Wendy Marshall MaryBeth Mishler Jennifer L. Tanger 《Rehabilitation nursing》1996,21(3):132-138
Restructuring in health care does not have to compromise the pursuit of clinical excellence and quality patient care. The clinical advancement program (CAP) at the Hospital for Special Care is a newly developed multidisciplinary reward and recognition program for clinical staff. The program is integrated into the hospital's structure of service line management and, unlike traditional advancement programs, is open to all levels of care providers: professional personnel, technical staff, and aides. This article describes the basic features of the CAP model and how it was developed by a multidisciplinary task force. 相似文献
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