中老年人群脊椎骨折患病危险因素研究

目的 了解中国中老年人群脊椎骨折患病危险因素，为脊椎骨折的预防和治疗提供依据。方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法对中国五大行政区5103例50岁以上男女人群进行胸腰椎侧位平片，骨密度测量和问卷调查，对140余个变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析，得出各危险因素的比数比值（Odds Ratio,OR)。结果 筛选出19个影响我国部分地区脊椎骨折患病因素，其中，年龄因素（OR＝1．03－1．07）为男女共同危险因素；服用钙剂（OR＝0．62－0．80）和骨密度高（OR＝0．00－0．15）为男女共同的保护性因素。脑血管病，喜吃咸食物等危险因素和住房朝阳，常吃面类，常吃鱼类，走路速度快等保护性因素在男性中出现；长期卧床危险因素和年轻时高（cm)，服维生素D，服女性激素，右手握力大（公斤）保护性因素在女性中出现。结论 我国中老年人男女脊椎骨折患病危险因素中有共同的暴露因素，同时，男女之间的主要危险因素及暴露水平又有一定差异。     

舌根部异位甲状腺1例

异位甲状腙是一种罕见的胚胎发育异常疾病,青春期、妊娠期及月经期女性多见。因发生少、临床表现缺乏特异性而容易误诊。我院近期诊治1例,现报导如下：     

血液灌流机治疗重度有机磷农药中毒的疗效观察

目的:探究血液灌流机治疗重度有机磷农药中毒的疗效。方法:选取2016年3月~2019年3月本院收治的50例重度有机磷农药中毒患者,随机分成对照组与观察组,每组25例。对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上增用血液灌流机治疗,对比两组治疗效果。结果:观察组的胆碱酯酶复原时长、昏迷时长、呼吸衰竭时长、住院时长、阿托品剂量等各项指标都优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治愈率96.00%高于对照组的72.00%,且死亡率4.00%低于对照组的24.00%(P<0.05)。结论:治疗重度有机磷农药中毒患者,常规治疗联合血液灌流机治疗,可提高抢救成功率。     

苯的职业健康危害研究的回顾与展望

苯是工业生产中重要的生产原料和有机溶剂，也是汽油的一种成分。当今，纯苯的生产和使用量逐年增加，我国纯苯年均生产和消费能力正分别以9．82％和7％的速率递增，预计到2011年纯苯的生产量和消费量将分别达到515万～620万吨和517万吨，由此带来的环境污染和对人体的健康危害也日益受到关注。近年来，我国职业性急慢性苯中毒发生率一直高居急慢性中毒的前三位，重大恶性职业中毒事件也常见诸于报道。苯污染及其对健康的危害已成为亟待解决的重要的公共卫生安全和健康问题之一。     

Inhibition of bone turnover by milk intake in postmenopausal women

Increased postmenopausal bone turnover leads to bone loss and fragility fracture risk. In the absence of osteoporosis, risk preventive measures, particularly those modifying nutritional lifestyle, are appropriate. We tested the hypothesis that milk supplementation affects bone turnover related to biochemical markers in a direction that, in the long term, may be expected to reduce postmenopausal bone loss. Thirty healthy postmenopausal women aged 59.3 (SD 3.3) years were enrolled in a prospective crossover trial of 16 weeks. After a 4-week period of adaptation with diet providing 600 mg calcium plus 300 mg ingested as 250 ml semi-skimmed milk, participants were maintained during 6 weeks under the same 600 mg calcium diet and randomized to receive either 500 ml semi-skimmed milk, thus providing a total of 1200 mg calcium, or no milk supplement. In the next 6 weeks they were switched to the alternative regimen. At the end of the each period, i.e. after 4, 10 and 16 weeks, blood and urinary samples were collected. The changes in blood variables between the periods of 6 weeks without and with milk supplementation were: for parathyroid hormone, -3.2 pg/ml (P=0.0054); for crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen, -624 pg/ml (P<0.0001); for propeptide of type I procollagen, -5.5 ng/ml (P=0.0092); for osteocalcin, -2.8 ng/ml (P=0.0014). In conclusion, a 6-week period of milk supplementation induced a decrease in several biochemical variables compatible with diminished bone turnover mediated by reduction in parathyroid hormone secretion. This nutritional approach to postmenopausal alteration in bone metabolism may be a valuable measure in the primary prevention of osteoporosis.     

动态对比增强MRI的定量及半定量参数在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的应用研究

目的探讨动态对比增强磁共振成像(dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,DCE-MRI)的定量及半定量参数在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节中的诊断效能.材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的甲状腺结节患者45例,术前均行颈部DCE-MRI增强检查,获取定量参数:容积转运常数(volume transfer co...     

Rapid electrochemical quantification of trace Hg2+ using a hairpin DNA probe and quantum dot modified screen-printed gold electrodes

Rapid, simple, sensitive and specific approaches for mercury(ii) (Hg²⁺) detection are essential for toxicology assessment, environmental protection, food analysis and human health. In this study, a ratiometric hairpin DNA probe based electrochemical biosensor, which relies on hairpin DNA probes conjugated with water-soluble and carboxyl functionalized quaternary Zn–Ag–In–S quantum dot (QD) on screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGE), referred to as the HP-QDs-SPGE electrochemical biosensor in this study, was developed for Hg²⁺ detection. Based on the “turn-off” reaction of a hairpin DNA probe binding with a mismatched target and Hg²⁺ through the formation of T–Hg²⁺–T coordination, the HP-QDs-SPGE electrochemical biosensor can rapidly quantify trace Hg²⁺ with high ultrasensitivity, specificity, repeatability and reproducibility. The conformational change of the hairpin DNA probe caused a significant decrease in electrochemical intensity, which could be used for the quantification of Hg²⁺. The linear dynamic range and high sensitivity of the HP-QDs-SPGE electrochemical biosensor for the detection of Hg²⁺ was studied in vitro, with a broad linear dynamic range of 10 pM to 1 μM and detection limits of 0.11 pM. In particular, this HP-QDs-SPGE electrochemical biosensor showed excellent selectivity toward Hg²⁺ ions in the presence of other metal ions. More importantly, this biosensor has been successfully used to detect Hg²⁺ in deionized water, tap water, groundwater and urine samples with good recovery rate and small relative standard deviations. In summary, the developed HP-QDs-SPGE electrochemical biosensor exhibited promising potential for further applications in on-site analysis.

A ratiometric hairpin DNA probe based electrochemical biosensor, which relies on hairpin DNA probes conjugated with water-soluble and carboxyl functionalized quantum dot on screen-printed gold electrodes, was developed for Hg²⁺ detection.     

江汉平原疫区居民血防知识与行为调查分析

用ＷＨＯ推荐方法和调查试卷对疫区居民调查发现：血防知识处于较差水平，得分率为４６．３％，以血吸虫病症状了解程度最差；血防行为处于中等水平，得分率为６９．２％；分析发现：此种不平衡系行政干预所至；通过对年龄别和文化程度的分析，得出今后工作重点应为文化程度较低的男性中年人和女性中老年人。     

EPHX1基因及EPHX2基因多态与慢性苯中毒易感性的关系

目的探讨EPHX1基因及EPHX2基因多态与慢性苯中毒易感性的关系。方法采用病例对照研究，以268名苯中毒工人为病例组，268名接触苯而无中毒表现的工人为对照组。应用TaqMan PCR分析技术检测EPHX1基因rs2854451、rs3738047、rs2234922和rs1051741及EPHX2基因rs751141位点单核苷酸多态。结果在携带EPHX1 rs373804GG基因型个体中，同时携带EPHX1 rs2234922 G等位基因个体慢性苯中毒的发病风险降低（P=0．02），而在携带EPHX1 rs2234922AA基因型个体中，同时携带EPHX2 rs751141A等位基因个体慢性苯中毒的发病风险升高（P=0．03）；饮酒与EPHX1基因rs1051741多态（xH^2=5．28,P=0．02）或rs2234922多态（xH^2=6．71，P=0．01）存在联合作用，在饮酒人群中携带突变型个体较野生纯合型苯中毒发病危险性降低（P=0．04和P〈0．01）；EPHX1基因单倍型分析显示，携带AGAC等位基因组成的单倍型2个体或GAGT等位基因组成的单倍型4个体慢性苯中毒的发病风险增高（P〈0．001），而携带GGGT等位基因组成的单倍型6个体或AAGT等位基因组成的单倍型10个体慢性苯中毒的发病风险降低（P〈0．001）。多因素Logistic回归分析提示吸烟对慢性苯中毒发病风险具有一定的修饰作用（OR=0．313，95％CI：0．123—0．794,P=0．015）。结论EPHX1基因多态性可能与慢性苯中毒发生危险性相关，而EPHX2基因多态与慢性苯中毒易感性关系需进一步研究。     

遗传性盐敏感性高血压大鼠肾脏的异常心房肽受体

该文旨在用心房肽受体阻断剂（HS142—1．HS）研究对肾脏的作用，以探讨心房肽（ANP）受体在遗传性盐敏感Dahl大鼠（DS）是否存在缺陷。对DS及盐抵抗大鼠（DR）（各n＝8）分别高钠（8％NaCl）和正常钠（0．46％NaCl）饮食4周，麻醉状态下静注HS（10mg／kg），观察急性肾功能改变。结果：高钠饮食后，DS组血压明显上升而DR组不变。静注HS后DR组肾小球滤过率（GFR）、肾血流量（RPF）下降明显低于DS组（P均＜0．05），而肾血管阻力（RVR）明显升高（P＜0．05），排钠分数（FENa）下降也较明显。正常钠饮食4周后两组血压均正常，静注HS后DS组上述指标仍然不及DR组明显改变（P＜0．05）。结论：遗传性盐敏感高血压存在对内源性ANP减弱的GFR、RPF、RVR等肾血流动力学反应，可能参与钠，最终引起高血压的发病。