细胞化学染色在急性白血病分型中意义的探讨

目的 采用形态学及细胞化学染色方法对78例急性白血病进行诊断分型。方法 按照FAB标准进行形态学分型，采用Wright-Giemsa染色；细胞化学染色包括过氧化物酶，非特异性酯酶即α－醋酸萘酚酯加氟化钠抑制，糖原即过碘酸雪夫染色。结果 过氧化物酶、糖原反应可区别急性淋巴细胞白血病与急性非淋巴细胞白血病，同时糖原反应对诊断M6具有特异性；非特异性酯酶加氟化钠抑制试验，对区别粒－单白血病具有重要意义。细胞化学染色与形态学分型符合率为89.4%，形态学的确诊率为74.4%，加做细胞化学染色可将诊断率提高到93.5%。结论 形态学是白血病诊断分型的基础，细胞化学染色是形态学的重要补充，其经济、简便和稳定的特点有利于广大基层医院的开展。     

High incidence of myocardial ischemia during postpartum hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hemorrhage remains a major cause of global maternal morbidity and mortality, even in developed countries, despite the use of intensive care units. This study sought to (1) assess whether myocardial ischemia could be associated with and even aggravate hemorrhagic shock in young parturients admitted for postpartum hemorrhage, and (2) identify the independent risk factors for myocardial ischemia. METHODS: On their referral to the intensive care unit, a multidisciplinary team managed parturients with severe postpartum hemorrhage. Ventilation, transfusion, catecholamines, surgery, or angiography with uterine embolization were provided as clinically indicated. Plasma cardiac troponin I levels were used as a surrogate marker of acute myocardial injury and electrocardiograms of myocardial ischemia. RESULTS: A total of 55 parturients were referred with severe postpartum hemorrhage, all in hemorrhagic shock. Twenty-eight parturients (51%) had elevated serum levels of cardiac troponin I (9.4 microg/l [3.7-26.6 microg/l]), which were associated with electrocardiographic signs of ischemia and deteriorated myocardial contractility and correlated with the severity of hemorrhagic shock. Indeed, multivariate analysis identified low systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure (< 88 and < 50 mmHg, respectively) and increased heart rate (> 115 beats/min) as independent predictors of myocardial injury. In addition, all patients who were given catecholamines also had elevated cardiac troponin I levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that treatment of postpartum hemorrhage-induced hemorrhagic shock should be coupled with concomitant prevention of myocardial ischemia, even in young parturients.     

Adéquation en dialyse péritonéale : mise au point

The optimal method to assess the adequacy of peritoneal dialysis therapies is controversial. Today, the adequacy must not be considered as a number or a concept assessed only by two parameters (total KT/V urea and total solute clearance) but defined by many more items. In the absence of data, based on theoretical considerations, the reanalysis of the CANUSA study showed that renal kidney function, rather than peritoneal clearance, was associated with improved survival. Residual renal function is considered as a major predictor factor of cardiovascular mortality. Results of this reanalysis were supported by the adequacy data in ADEMEX, EAPOS and ANZDATA studies. Therefore, clinical assessment plays a major role in PD adequacy. The management of fluid balance, the regular monitoring of malnutrition, the control of mineral metabolism and particularly the glucose load, considered as the “corner-stone” of the system, are the main points to be considered in the adequacy of PD patients. The essential goal is to minimize glucose load by glucose-sparing strategies in order to reduce the neoangiogenesis of the peritoneal membrane.     

芒针透刺督脉组穴联合平衡训练治疗卒中后平衡障碍

目的:观察芒针透刺督脉组穴联合平衡训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡障碍的临床疗效。方法:90例卒中后平衡障碍患者以就诊顺序随机分为芒针通督组、普通针刺组和平衡训练组各30例。平衡训练组给予单纯平衡训练,普通针刺组在平衡训练基础上给予毫针针刺治疗,芒针通督组在平衡训练基础上给予芒针通督组穴治疗,3组患者均治疗3个疗程。比较3组患者治疗前后步行功能(Holden步行能力分级)、平衡功能(Berg平衡量表,Fugl-Meyer量表)。结果:治疗后,3组患者平衡功能、步行运动能力均优于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);且芒针通督组平衡功能、步行运动能力均优于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。芒针通督组有效率(96.6%)显著高于普通针刺组(83.3%)、平衡训练组(73.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:芒针透刺督脉组穴联合平衡训练治疗卒中后平衡障碍患者疗效显著,可显著提高患者平衡功能、步行运动能力。     

湖南省郴州市一起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学调查

目的 通过分析郴州市一起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情相关病例发病确诊过程,探讨新冠病例早发现、早报告以及病例诊断和隔离观察解除的策略依据。 方法 对该起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情的病例和密切接触者进行现场流行病学调查,描述性分析流行病学史、临床和实验室资料。 结果 利用大数据比对监测,在转送监测对象至集中场所隔离医学观察时发现了新冠肺炎确诊病例何某华,由此发现一起新冠肺炎家庭聚集性疫情,何某的5名密切接触者中有3人发病确诊（包含1名重症病例）,其中重症病例黄某第7次新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性进而确诊,密切接触者中胡某有流行病学史、血常规白细胞下降和肺炎影像学改变,但是5次咽拭子核酸检测阴性,未确诊。 结论 大数据比对监测对发现传染病有积极作用;早期对有流行病学史人员单独隔离医学观察对防止聚集性疫情发生有重要意义;将2次核酸检测阴性作为新冠肺炎病例的排除标准和将核酸检测阳性作为确诊新冠肺炎病例的必备条件,值得探讨,这都可能放走传染源,导致新冠肺炎传播。     

肠系膜下动脉CTA分型与结直肠癌淋巴结转移相关性的研究

目的　通过了解肠系膜下动脉(IMA)的分支及变异情况及其淋巴结转移规律,指导结、直肠癌手术中血管处理及淋巴结廓清。方法　选取大连医科大学附属第一医院胃肠外科和肛肠外科2014年4月至2014年10月间共55例结直肠癌患者,其中乙状结肠癌16例,直肠癌39例,通过肠系膜下动脉CTA结合术中所见,对IMA分支情况进行分型,在CTA上详细测量血管的相关数据并追踪术后病理结果,比较、分析各种分型的淋巴结检出数目及转移情况。结果　55例IMA均发自腹主动脉,IMA根部距离腹主动脉分叉的距离为（3.90±1.11）cm,IMA根部至第1分支处距离为（3.17±0.90）cm。IMA 分型中,A型,共4例（7.27%）;B型,共11例（20%）;C型,共40例（72.73%）,淋巴结转移度与IMA的分型之间有关联。左结肠动脉1支有32例(58.18%),2支23例(41.82%);乙状结肠动脉（SA）分支情况为: 1支9例(16.36%), 2支35例(63.64%),3支11例(20%)。SA 1支时,第1站淋巴结转移度8.73%;第2站淋巴结转移度16.28%;第3站淋巴结转移度5.88%;SA分支数2支及以上时,第1站淋巴结转移度19.96%;第2站淋巴结转移度33.34%;第3站淋巴结转移度9.09%。淋巴结转移度与SA的分支数有关。结论　术前行CTA可有助判断其变异及分支情况,从而指导更合理的处理血管及淋巴结的廓清。     

腹腔镜治疗青年十二指肠球溃疡穿孔的临床应用

目的 评价腹腔镜下修补治疗十二指肠球部前壁溃疡穿孔的临床应用价值。方法 对我院2003年1月～2004年12月收治的42例青年十二指肠溃疡穿孔病例随机分组，20例接受腹腔镜下修补治疗，22例接受传统开腹修补。结果 两组术后胃肠功能恢复情况、术后使用镇痛药、平均住院时间差异均有显著性（P〈0．05），两组术后均无出血、中转开腹、再穿孔等并发症。结论 腹腔镜下修补治疗青年十二指肠球部前壁溃疡穿孔临床安全可行，应该作为首选方法在临床上推广应用。     

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta exerts a strong protection from ischemic acute renal failure

Ischemic acute renal failure is characterized by damages to the proximal straight tubule in the outer medulla. Lesions include loss of polarity, shedding into the tubule lumen, and eventually necrotic or apoptotic death of epithelial cells. It was recently shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) increases keratinocyte survival after an inflammatory reaction. Therefore, whether PPARbeta/delta could contribute also to the control of tubular epithelium death after renal ischemia/reperfusion was tested. It was found that PPARbeta/delta+/- and PPARbeta/delta-/- mutant mice exhibited much greater kidney dysfunction and injury than wild-type counterparts after a 30-min renal ischemia followed by a 36-h reperfusion. Conversely, wild-type mice that were given the specific PPARbeta/delta ligand L-165041 before renal ischemia were completely protected against renal dysfunction, as indicated by the lack of rise in serum creatinine and fractional excretion of Na+. This protective effect was accompanied by a significant reduction in medullary necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation. On the basis of in vitro studies, PPARbeta/delta ligands seem to exert their role by activating the antiapoptotic Akt signaling pathway and, unexpectedly, by increasing the spreading of tubular epithelial cells, thus limiting potentially their shedding and anoikis. These results point to PPARbeta/delta as a remarkable new target for preconditioning strategies.     

Intraperitoneal treatment with dimethylthioampal (DIMATE) combined with surgical debulking is effective for experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis in a rat model

The goal was to evaluate the efficiency of intraperitoneal administration of dimethylthioampal (DIMATE), a cellular apoptosis inducer, combined, or not, with cytoreductive surgery on rats with peritoneal adenocarcinomatosis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of adenocarcinoma cell line DHD/K12/pro B. Intraperitoneal DIMATE was given at 17.3 mg/kg. Rats were randomized into five groups of eight animals, regarding the day of treatment (2 days or 20 days after peritoneal carcinomatosis induction) and the combination with cytoreductive surgery. All rats were killed at 30 days to evaluate carcinomatosis extent (quantitative score) and ascites volume. The quantitative score of carcinomatosis and the ascites volume were significantly reduced in the groups treated with DIMATE at day 2 (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively) and when DIMATE was used with cytoreductive surgery at day 20 (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively). Cytoreductive surgery or DIMATE used alone at day 20 had no significant influence. The intraperitoneal DIMATE administration at day 20, when not combined with surgery, had no significant influence on carcinomatosis extent or on ascites volume. Intraperitoneal DIMATE appeared to be an efficient drug in the prevention or treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis when combined with cytoreductive surgery or when it was given by intraperitoneal route, before the development of macroscopic peritoneal carcinomatosis. It appears to be a promising therapeutic agent to be investigated in a human phase I trial in peritoneal carcinomatosis.