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991.
LiRong Tan Shuang Zhao Wu Zhu Lisha Wu Jie Li MinXue Shen Li Lei Xiang Chen Cong Peng 《Experimental dermatology》2018,27(2):144-149
Psoriasis is an immune‐mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, Th17 cells and the cytokines they produce, such as IL‐17, IL‐22 and IL‐23, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Evidence has demonstrated that psoriasis has some common features, including immune responses (due to Th17 cells) and inflammatory cytokine profiles, with systematic diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and obesity. Recently, studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host homoeostasis and immune response, particular in Th17 cells, but the role of the gut microbiota in psoriasis remains unclear. To study the relationship between gut microbiota and psoriasis, we analysed microbiota profiles in psoriasis using a 16S rDNA sequencing platform, and we found that the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly reduced in patients with psoriasis. A. muciniphila is believed to have an important function in the pathogenesis of IBD and obesity; therefore, A. muciniphila, which is an indicator of health status, may be a key node for psoriasis as well as IBD and obesity. Taken together, our study identified that gut microbiota signature and function are significantly altered in the gut of patients with psoriasis, which provides a novel angle to understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis. 相似文献
992.
Alastair van Heerden Mark Tomlinson Sarah Skeen Charles Parry Kendal Bryant Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus 《AIDS and behavior》2017,21(2):274-278
Working in an interdisciplinary manner at the crossroads of alcohol and HIV research is a challenge. This paper presents six novel approaches that could be applied to activities at the intersection of alcohol and HIV. These approaches are (i) address the fact that the availability of new technology is unevenly distributed around the world, (ii) use technology to move beyond both paper and digital surveys, (iii) introduce a focus on advocacy and partnerships with large technology companies, (iv) harness technological innovation to utilise digital counselling, (v) explore the use of virtual reality in both research and delivering interventions, and (vi) consider alternative funding models to those currently in existence to improve efficiencies and innovations. Aiming to understand the interplay of alcohol and HIV will require creativity. The six approaches outlines in this paper provide possible directions from which new approaches may emerge. 相似文献
993.
994.
Dale Davidson Linda D. Chrosniak Patricia Wanschura Jane M. Flinn 《Community mental health journal》2014,50(5):548-552
This study investigated why some homeless individuals seem unable to transition towards self-reliance, following traditional supportive services. It was hypothesized that this may be due to some cognitive dysfunction. Chronically homeless adults were compared to controls on three tests of prefrontal competency: the Iowa Gambling Task, Word Fluency (FAS), and the Burglar’s Story; they performed significantly worse than controls on all three tests. These results indicate a relationship between chronic homelessness and possible pre-frontal deficits. This may explain why some long-term homeless fail to learn from the consequences of unproductive behavior and to develop more constructive behaviors needed to attain stability. 相似文献
995.
Katherine Jane C. Chua 《Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies》2018,27(4):246-248
We present a case study of a patient who underwent uterine artery embolization (UAE) using Gelfoam? (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) and had a subsequent pregnancy. Our patient, a 38-year-old female (4 Gravida/2 Para), underwent UAE for treatment of symptomatic myoma in September 2005. At the patient’s seven-month post procedure visit, she experienced a 43.9% volume reduction in uterine size and 74.5% reduction in volume of the largest fibroid and relief of bulk symptoms and menorrhagia. The patient had a term delivery of healthy twin infants 15?months post embolization. 相似文献
996.
997.
Understanding and reducing complex systems pharmacology models based on a novel input–response index
Jane Knöchel Charlotte Kloft Wilhelm Huisinga 《Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics》2018,45(1):139-157
A growing understanding of complex processes in biology has led to large-scale mechanistic models of pharmacologically relevant processes. These models are increasingly used to study the response of the system to a given input or stimulus, e.g., after drug administration. Understanding the input–response relationship, however, is often a challenging task due to the complexity of the interactions between its constituents as well as the size of the models. An approach that quantifies the importance of the different constituents for a given input–output relationship and allows to reduce the dynamics to its essential features is therefore highly desirable. In this article, we present a novel state- and time-dependent quantity called the input–response index that quantifies the importance of state variables for a given input–response relationship at a particular time. It is based on the concept of time-bounded controllability and observability, and defined with respect to a reference dynamics. In application to the brown snake venom–fibrinogen (Fg) network, the input–response indices give insight into the coordinated action of specific coagulation factors and about those factors that contribute only little to the response. We demonstrate how the indices can be used to reduce large-scale models in a two-step procedure: (i) elimination of states whose dynamics have only minor impact on the input–response relationship, and (ii) proper lumping of the remaining (lower order) model. In application to the brown snake venom–fibrinogen network, this resulted in a reduction from 62 to 8 state variables in the first step, and a further reduction to 5 state variables in the second step. We further illustrate that the sequence, in which a recursive algorithm eliminates and/or lumps state variables, has an impact on the final reduced model. The input–response indices are particularly suited to determine an informed sequence, since they are based on the dynamics of the original system. In summary, the novel measure of importance provides a powerful tool for analysing the complex dynamics of large-scale systems and a means for very efficient model order reduction of nonlinear systems. 相似文献
998.
Herbert Muyinda Jane Kengeya Robert Pool James Whitworth 《Culture, health & sexuality》2013,15(3):353-361
This study examined the potential of traditional ways of passing on sexual knowledge from adult to younger women (the senga institution) among the Baganda of central Uganda, as a potential tool for STI/HIV prevention today. Traditional and contemporary forms of the institution were studied, and their strengths and weaknesses assessed. Data were collected using qualitative research methods. The senga institution comprises four components: Social responsibility, moral authority, appropriate knowledge and a suitable socio-economic environment. Although senga practises have been weakened and the way in which they are viewed by adolescent girls and the community in general has changed, the institution can still be exploited to develop more culturally appropriate forms of sex education for girls, particularly out of school girls and adolescent mothers. 相似文献
999.
The present study used a microelectronic neural bridge comprised of electrode arrays for neural signal detection, functional electrical stimulation, and a microelectronic circuit including signal amplifying, processing, and functional electrical stimulation to bridge two separate nerves, and to restore the lost function of one nerve. The left leg of one spinal toad was subjected to external mechanical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation driving. The function of the left leg of one spinal toad was regenerated to the corresponding leg of another spinal toad using a microelectronic neural bridge. Oscilloscope tracings showed that the electromyographic signals from controlled spinal toads were generated by neural signals that controlled the spinal toad, and there was a delay between signals. This study demonstrates that microelectronic neural bridging can be used to restore neural function between different injured nerves. 相似文献
1000.
Yufei Dai Dianzhi Ren Bryan A. Bassig Roel Vermeulen Wei Hu Yong Niu Huawei Duan Meng Ye Tao Meng Jun Xu Ping Bin Meili Shen Jufang Yang Wei Fu Kees Meliefste Debra Silverman Nathaniel Rothman Qing Lan Yuxin Zheng 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2018,59(2):144-150
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified diesel engine exhaust (DEE) as a human lung carcinogen. Given that inflammation is suspected to be an important underlying mechanism of lung carcinogenesis, we evaluated the relationship between DEE exposure and the inflammatory response using data from a cross‐sectional molecular epidemiology study of 41 diesel engine testing workers and 46 unexposed controls. Repeated personal exposure measurements of PM2.5 and other DEE constituents were taken for the diesel engine testing workers before blood collection. Serum levels of six inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 were analyzed in all subjects. Compared to unexposed controls, concentrations of MIP‐1β were significantly reduced by ~37% in DEE exposed workers (P < 0.001) and showed a strong decreasing trend with increasing PM2.5 concentrations in all subjects (Ptrend < 0.001) as well as in exposed subjects only (Ptrend = 0.001). Levels of IL‐8 and MIP‐1β were significantly lower in workers in the highest exposure tertile of PM2.5 (>397 µg/m3) compared to unexposed controls. Further, significant inverse exposure‐response relationships for IL‐8 and MCP‐1 were also found in relation to increasing PM2.5 levels among the DEE exposed workers. Given that IL‐8, MIP‐1β, and MCP‐1 are chemokines that play important roles in recruitment of immunocompetent cells for immune defense and tumor cell clearance, the observed lower levels of these markers with increasing PM2.5 exposure may provide insight into the mechanism by which DEE promotes lung cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:144–150, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献