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131.
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133.
Babak Hooshmand Minna Rusanen Tiia Ngandu Jaana Leiviskä Shireen Sindi Christine A.F. von Arnim Peter Falkai Hilkka Soininen Jaakko Tuomilehto Miia Kivipelto 《The American journal of medicine》2019,132(3):367-373
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the association of serum glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance with cognitive functioning 7 years later in a longitudinal population-based study of Finnish older adults.Methods
Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline in 269 dementia-free individuals aged 65-79 years, from the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study. Insulin resistance was estimated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Participants were reexamined 7 years later, and global cognition, episodic memory, executive functioning, verbal expression, and psychomotor speed were assessed, both at baseline and at follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations with cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjusting for several potential confounders, including common vascular risk factors.Results
In the multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, no associations of insulin resistance with cognitive functioning were observed. After excluding 19 incident dementia cases, higher baseline HOMA-IR values were related to worse performance in global cognition (β [standard error (SE)] -.050 [0.02]; P?=?.043) and psychomotor speed (β [SE] -.064 [.03]; P?=?[.043]) 7 years later. Raised serum insulin levels were associated with lower scores on global cognition (β [SE] -.054 [.03]; P?=?.045) and tended to relate to poorer performance in psychomotor speed (β [SE] -.061 [.03]; P?=?.070).Conclusions
Serum insulin and insulin resistance may be independent predictors of cognitive performance 7 years later in elderly individuals without dementia. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine this issue. 相似文献134.
Jaana Pihkala Satoshi Yazaki Rohit Mehta Kyong-Jin Lee Rajiv Chaturvedi Brian W McCrindle Glen Van Arsdell Lee N Benson 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2007,69(7):1007-1014
OBJECTIVE: This study was to review an institutional experience with transcatheter closure of Fontan fenestrations and its impact on clinical care. BACKGROUND: An interatrial fenestration improves postoperative outcomes in high-risk children undergoing a Fontan repair. While technical feasibility has been well defined, the clinical impact of subsequent closure is not well defined. METHODS: Transcatheter closure of a surgically created or additional interatrial communication was attempted in 152 children at a median interval of 13.8 months after surgery. The clinical records were reviewed for demographic and anatomical characteristics, previous surgeries; catheterization data, and status at latest follow-up. RESULTS: Mean oxygen saturation and right atrial pressure increased acutely from 87% +/- 5% to 96% +/- 3% (P < 0.001) and 12 +/- 2 mm Hg to 13 +/- 3 mm Hg (P < 0.001), respectively. Higher systemic venous atrial pressures after occlusion correlated with higher pulmonary artery pressures (P = 0.05) before the Fontan procedure and with higher right (P < 0.001) and left atrial (P = 0.001) and ventricular end-diastolic pressures (P < 0.001) immediately before occlusion. Complications included device malposition in 2 children, 1 child each had an air embolism and post-procedural bleeding, and each self-limiting and 1 child had acute ST elevation in inferior ECG leads because of occlusion of the acute marginal branch which was treated with angioplasty and placement of a stent. At follow-up (median 4.5 years), the mean oxygen saturation was 95% +/- 3%. Residual interatrial leaks were noted echocardiographically in 9%. Two children developed protein-losing enteropathy after fenestration closure. No deaths or strokes were observed in follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter occlusion of Fontan fenestrations is safe with acute and persistent improvements in oxygen saturations. 相似文献
135.
Physical activity, body mass index, and risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with normal or impaired glucose regulation 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Hu G Lindström J Valle TT Eriksson JG Jousilahti P Silventoinen K Qiao Q Tuomilehto J 《Archives of internal medicine》2004,164(8):892-896
BACKGROUND: Sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and impaired glucose regulation are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the joint associations of these risk factors are not known. METHODS: We prospectively followed up 2017 Finnish men and 2352 Finnish women aged between 45 and 64 years without a history of known or newly diagnosed diabetes at baseline. Single and joint associations of physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and blood glucose levels with risk of type 2 diabetes were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, there were 120 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for confounding factors (age, study year, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and education), physical activity was found to be inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. This association was persistent in subjects with (1) both obesity and impaired glucose regulation, (2) either obesity or impaired glucose regulation, and (3) a normal BMI and glucose regulation. Similarly, the multivariate-adjusted positive association between BMI and risk of type 2 diabetes was consistently observed. Obesity in subjects who reported being inactive and had normal glucose levels was associated with an increased risk of diabetes compared with a normal BMI in subjects who reported being active and had impaired glucose regulation. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing physical activity can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The protective effect of physical activity was observed in subjects with an excessive BMI and elevated glucose levels. Physical activity and weight control are critical factors in diabetes prevention in subjects with both normal and impaired blood glucose regulation. 相似文献
136.
Tom Hsun-Wei Huang Kalpa De Silva Usaid K. Allahwala Edward J. Danson Pasi K. Karjalainen Olli A. Kajander Ravinay Bhindi 《Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine》2019,20(1):16-21
Objective
This study aimed to assess the pathophysiological differences between saphenous vein grafts (SVG) and native coronary arteries (NCA) following presentation with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Background
There is accelerated pathogenesis of de novo coronary disease in harvested SVG following coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery, which contributes to both early and late graft failure, and is also causal in adverse outcomes following vein graft PCI. However in vivo assessment, with OCT imaging, comparing the differences between vein grafts and NCAs has not previously been performed.Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational, analysis in patients who underwent PCI with adjunctive OCT imaging following presentation with NSTEMI, where the infarct-related artery (IRA) was either in an SVG or NCA.Results
A total of 1550 OCT segments was analysed from thirty patients with a mean age of 66.3 (±9.0) years were included. The mean graft age of 13.9 (±5.6) years in the SVG group. OCT imaging showed that the SVG group had evidence of increased lipid pool burden (lipid pool quadrants, 2.1 vs 2.7; p?=?0.021), with a reduced fibro-atheroma cap-thickness in the SVG group (45.0?μm vs 38.5?μm; p?=?0.05) and increased burden of calcification (calcified lesion length?=?0.4?mm vs 1.8?mm; p?=?0.007; calcified quadrants?=?0.2 vs 0.9; p?=?0.001; arc of superficial calcium deposits?=?11.6° vs 50.9°; p?=?0.007) when compared to NCA.Conclusion
This OCT study has demonstrated that vein grafts have a uniquely atherogenic environment which leads to the development of calcified, lipogenic, thin-capped fibro-atheroma's, which may be pivotal in the increased, acute and chronic graft failure rate, and may underpin the increased adverse outcomes following vein graft PCI. 相似文献137.
Antti Saraste MD PhD Sami Kajander MD PhD Chunlei Han MD PhD Sergey V. Nesterov MD PhD PMP Juhani Knuuti MD PhD 《Journal of nuclear cardiology》2012,19(5):1044-1059
Positron emission tomography (PET) enables quantitative measurements of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). Recent developments and improved availability of PET technology have resulted in growing interest in translation of quantitative flow analysis from mainly a research tool to routine clinical practice. Quantitative PET measurements of absolute MBF and MFR have potential to improve accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging in diagnosis of multivessel coronary artery disease as well as definition of the extent and functional importance of stenoses. This article reviews recent advances and experience in the quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging together with issues that need to be resolved for quantitative analysis to become clinical reality. 相似文献
138.
Background
In addition to the anogenital malignancies, human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to oropharyngeal cancer as an important risk factor in both men and women. Knowledge of oral HPV infection among males is needed to elucidate the transmission routes and potential for prevention.Objective
To assess the prevalence, genotype distribution, and incidence of oral HPV infections among healthy Finnish men followed for 7 yr.Design, setting, and participants
Oral scrapings for HPV testing were taken from 131 fathers-to-be (mean age: 28.9 yr) at baseline and at 2-mo, 6-mo, 12-mo, 24-mo, 36-mo, and 7-yr follow-up visits to detect prevalent and incident HPV infections. Purified DNA extracted from scrapings was used for HPV genotyping, with the Multimetrix kit (Progen Biotechnik, Heidelberg, Germany) detecting 24 genotypes.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
Point prevalence, genotype distribution, and incident rates of oral HPV infections. Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaires, and covariates of incident oral HPV infections were analysed using uni- and multivariate Poisson regression (for panel data).Results and limitations
The point prevalence of oral HPV infection fluctuated from 15.1% to 31.1% during the follow-up period. In total, 17 different HPV genotypes were found. At baseline, the single most frequent genotype among the HPV-positive samples was HPV16 (33.3%; 8 of 24), followed by HPV33 (12.5%) and HPV82 (12.5%). Multiple-type infections comprised 16.7% (4 of 24), HPV16 being involved in all combinations. For baseline-negative men, the mean time to the first incident infection ranged from 3.9 mo (HPV82) to 25.7 mo (HPV56). None of the demographic factors was a significant independent predictor of incident oral HPV infections in multivariate models.Conclusions
Detection of oral HPV DNA carriage in men is common, HPV16 being the most prevalent genotype. Oral mucosa may play a significant role in HPV transmission. 相似文献139.
140.
Alexander Zharkovsky Jaana Moisio Toomas Kivastik Liisa Ahtee 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1993,347(5):478-482
Summary The present study was undertaken to determine the state of sensitivity of dopamine D2/133 receptors involved in the mediation of yawning behaviour at various times following acute morphine administration to rats. Morphine (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) induced a biphasic effect on locomotor activity: an initial inhibitory phase lasting for about 30 min was after about an hour followed by a phase of locomotor activation lasting for about 60 min. Dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.01–0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) induced yawning behaviour in rats. Morphine given at 15 or 60 min before (inhibitory phase) inhibited the yawning response to quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg) but not when given at 90 or 120 min before (stimulatory phase). Naloxone (1.0 mg/kg) given 10 min before quinpirole restored yawning inhibited by morphine pretreatment during the inhibitory phase (15–60 min after morphine). However, during the morphine-induced stimulatory phase naloxone strongly inhibited the yawning response to quinpirole. D 1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 [R-(+)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol hemimaleate] at 0.01 mg/ kg did not affect quinpirole-induced yawning or its inhibition by morphine. However, in rats which received morphine 90 min prior to testing yawning, SCH 23390 enhanced quinpirole-induced yawning behaviour as compared with morphine- or saline-pretreated animals. The data obtained in the present study indicate that morphine pretreatment initially induces a lack of responsiveness of the D2/D3 receptors mediating yawning behaviour and subsequently increases their sensitivity. However, the behavioural expression of hypersensitivity of these receptors seems to be attenuated by the concomitant activation of D1 receptors after morphine pretreatment, and thus the enhanced response to quinpirole is first seen after blockade of D1 receptors.
Correspondence to L. Ahtee at the above address 相似文献