犬颈内动脉内冷灌注脑选择性降温对脑保护的实验研究

目的观察颈内动脉内冷灌注犬脑选择性降温对缺血性脑组织的保护作用。方法夹闭左侧颈总动脉、双侧椎动脉、左侧颈外静脉后,自右侧颈内动脉灌入低温灌注液以选择性降低脑温。将颅脑回流的低温稀释静脉血超滤并复温至３８℃后再输入体循环。结果１８只犬中有１４只完成了脑的选择性降温：（５．０±２．０）分钟内降至２８℃,（１０．３±７．２）分钟内降至２０℃,并维持在（１９±１．０）℃达５０分钟,直肠温度保持在（３２．５±２．０）℃以上。１０只长期存活,分别于术后１,２,８,１２周处死,病理检查示犬脑无神经细胞缺血性损伤改变。另４只实验初期因降温后血压显著下降而死亡。结论颈动脉内冷灌注液灌注,可选择性快速、安全地降低脑温,防止脑组织的缺血性损伤,为开展无血手术提供了实验依据。     

常温下全肝血流阻断处理严重肝外伤

目的 探讨常温下全肝血流阻断切肝术治疗严重肝外伤合并肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉损伤,以期提高严重肝损伤病人的抢救成功率,减少术后并发症。方法 采用常温下全肝血流 术切除肝叶,修复肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉处理８例严重肝外伤患者。结果 ８例合并肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉损伤的严重肝外伤病人,均采用全肝血流阻断处理,除１例合并其他损伤死亡外,其余均治愈。结论 常温下全肝血流阻断在处理合并肝静脉和（或）下腔静脉损伤     

Hepatic angiomyolipoma: A retrospective study of 25 cases

PURPOSE: We report our experience of diagnosing and treating hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML), a rare benign mesenchymal tumor. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathologic, radiological, and operative data of 25 patients who underwent surgery for HAML at our institute between November 2001 and May 2006. RESULTS: Most patients (20/25) were asymptomatic and had normal liver function. Ultrasonography (US) showed a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass in 13 of 23 patients, precontrast computed tomography (CT) showed that all of 12 lesions scanned were hypodense, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in most (5/6) lesions. Marked enhancement in the arterial phase was seen in 10 of 12 lesions on CT scans and in 6 of 6 lesions on MRI scans. All tumors were composed of varying proportions of smooth muscle, adipose tissue, and blood vessels, and showed positive immunohistochemical staining for HMB-45. All patients underwent partial hepatectomy and there was no evidence of recurrence after a median follow-up of 43 months. CONCLUSION: The radiological features of HAML vary according to its histological components. The definitive diagnosis of HAML is challenging and depends on the presence of HMB-45-positive myoid cells. Hepatic angiomyolipoma is treated effectively with surgery and the prognosis is good.     

明胶/聚己内酯电纺复合纳米纤维支架促进创面愈合的实验研究

目的 了解明胶/聚己内酯(Gt/PCL)电纺复合纳米纤维支架对家兔全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的影响. 方法 将16只家兔背部制作全层皮肤缺损创面,其中8只行同体对照实验,分别以Gt/PCL纳米纤维膜覆盖(Gt/PCL组)、PCL纤维膜覆盖(PCL组);余下8只家兔创面用凡士林纱布覆盖(对照组),各组创面数均为8个.记录创面愈合时间;于伤后3、7、10 d计算创面愈合率,并取创面及创周组织行组织病理学观察. 结果 Gt/PCL组创面愈合时间为(18.2±1.3)d、PCL组(20.3±1.1)d、对照组为(22.0±0.6)d,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Gt/PCL组伤后各时相点创面愈合率均高于其他2组(P＜0.05).与其余2组比较,Gt/PCL组真皮层肉芽组织增生少,上皮细胞移行速度明显增快,胶原排列规则. 结论 Gt/PCL电纺复合纳米纤维支架能明显促进家兔全层皮肤缺损创面的愈合,是目前可供选择的效果比较确切的组织工程支架材料.     

Treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head with BMSCs-seeded bio-derived bone materials combined with rhBMP-2 in rabbits

Objective： To evaluate the effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） seeded bio-derived bone materials （BBM） combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 （rhBMP-2） in repairing defect of osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH）.
Methods： Early-stage osteonecrosis in the left hip was induced in 36 adult New Zealand white rabbits （provided by the Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China） after core decompression and delivery of liquid nitrogen into the femoral head. Then the animals were divided into three groups according to the type of implants for bone repair： 12 rabbits with nothing （Group Ⅰ, the blank control group）, 12 with BBM combined with rhBMP-2 （Group Ⅱ）, and 12 with BMSCs-seeded BBM combined with rhBMP-2 （Group Ⅲ）. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, X-ray of the femoral head of every 4 rabbits in each group was taken, and then they were killed and the femoral heads were collected at each time point, respectively. Gross observation was made on the femoral heads. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, Lane-sandhu scores of X-ray and bone densitometry were calculated and the histomorphometric measurements were made for the new bone trabeculae.
Results： At 12 weeks after surgery, two femoral heads collapsed in Group Ⅰ, but none in Group Ⅱ or Group Ⅲ. X-ray examination showed that the femoral heads in Group I had defect shadow or collapsed while those in Group II had a low density and those in Group III presented with a normal density. Histologically, the defects of femoral heads were primarily filled with no new bone but fibrous tissues in Group Ⅰ. In contrast, new bone regeneration and fibrous tissues occurred in Group II and only new bone regeneration occurrd in Group Ⅲ. Lane-sandhu scores of X-ray, bone mineral density and rate of new bone in trabecular area in Group Ⅲ were higher significantly than those of the other two groups. Conclusions： Our findings indicate a superior choice of     

一种适合动态研究的大鼠深静脉血栓动物模型

目的 建立一种适合动态研究的大鼠深静脉血栓动物模型.方法 将60只体重为(230±20) g的SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为3组: 动物模型组36只,对照组18只,假手术组6只.动物模型组采用改良下腔静脉结扎法制备动物模型,造模后观察血管内膜及血栓不同时期的病理变化,并与对照组及假手术组做观察比较.结果 采用改良法制作模型后, 大鼠下腔静脉内不仅均形成稳定的血栓,而且形成血栓的血管段的近心端保持通畅,符合人体静脉血栓形成急性期的病理演变.结论 成功制作适合动态研究的大鼠深静脉血栓动物模型.     

患儿剥夺睡眠脑电图检查依从性的护理干预

目的 提高患儿剥夺睡眠脑电图检查的依从性.方法 对214例接受剥夺睡眠脑电图检查的患儿(对照组)采用常规健康教育方法,于检查后采用自制问卷对其进行剥夺睡眠脑电图依从性影响因素调查.根据调查结果,制订相应的健康教育措施并实施于381例患儿(观察组).比较两组患儿对剥夺睡眠的依从性.结果 监护人或患儿对剥夺睡眠重要性的认识、对检查过程的理解程度、过去剥夺睡眠脑电图经验、病史长短、担心发作、患儿的适应性及智力是影响患儿时剥夺睡眠依从性的主要因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).观察组剥夺睡眠依从性显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 探讨影响患儿剥夺睡眠脑电图依从性的因素并实施针对性的健康教育,能提高剥夺睡眠脑电图患儿的依从性.     

546例分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌的手术治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年12月收治的546例行手术治疗的分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,均行双侧甲状腺全切除术和选择性颈淋巴结清扫术.结果 全组无手术及住院期间死亡.颈部淋巴结转移阳性率为76,2%(358/470).单侧喉返神经损伤的发生率1.1%(6例),双侧喉返神经损伤0例;甲状旁腺部分损伤0.4%(2例),甲状旁腺完全损伤0例;喉上神经损伤0.7%(4例),术后出血0.6%(3例),食管损伤0.2%(1例).结论 对于分化型甲状腺癌患者,均应行双侧甲状腺全切除术;对于肿瘤直径＞1 cm的患者,还应行双侧中央组+患侧颈深组淋巴结清扫.     

脊索细胞促进髓核软骨样细胞增殖及表型维持

目的分离纯化兔髓核中的细胞成分，观察脊索细胞形态及对软骨样细胞增殖及细胞表型的影响。方法6只4周龄新西兰兔胸腰段脊柱，获取髓核，0．2％Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法及不连续密度梯度法分离纯化脊索细胞及软骨样细胞。实验分为单纯软骨样细胞培养组（A组）及脊索细胞、软骨样细胞（1：1）共培养组（B组）。倒置相差显微镜观察两组细胞生长情况，测定两组原代及传代细胞成活率，MTT法测定两组第2代细胞增殖曲线，并以甲苯胺蓝染色和免疫细胞化学染色鉴定两组原代及传代细胞蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原的表达。结果成功分离、纯化脊索细胞和软骨样细胞。细胞培养观察，原代脊索细胞直径10～15gm，胞浆内富含大小不等的囊泡；原代软骨样细胞直径4～6gm，胞浆内无囊泡。各代细胞成活率A组为89．0％～95．3％，B组为91_3％～96．3％，各代细胞成活率两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A组细胞培养3～4d进入对数生长期，B组细胞培养2d后进入对数生长期；培养4d后，B组细胞增殖能力高于A组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组3代以内细胞表达蛋白多糖及Ⅱ型胶原，B组细胞表型维持至5代。结论脊索细胞能促进髓核软骨样细胞的增殖及表型维持；脊索细胞可能在防止椎间盘退变中具有重要意义。     

膀胱灌注RTX治疗间质性膀胱炎的临床研究

目的:探讨膀胱灌注辣椒辣素类似物(resiniferatoxin,RTX)治疗间质性膀胱炎(interstitial cystitis,IC)的有效性和安全性.方法:56例间质性膀胱炎患者行RTX一次性膀胱灌注治疗.观察用药前及用药后1周、1个月、3个月时患者的临床症状情况(每日排尿次数、最大排尿容量、尿痛程度评分)和O'Leary-Sant问质性膀胱炎问卷表评分及生活质量评分(QOL)情况.并记录不良反应发生情况.结果:①患者用药后1周、1个月、3个月时每日排尿次数明显减少(用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M和3 M的每日排尿次数:28.41±10.77 vs 15.30±4.77、15.63±3.70和17.19±4.06),最大排尿容量增加[用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M和3 M的最大排尿容量为:124.26±79.31 vs 187.41±67.46、188.89±62.35和161.85±65.11(ml)],疼痛程度评分明显下降(用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M和3 M的疼痛程度评分为:6.74±1.38 vs 3.89±1.15、4.63±1.31和4.85±1.67),与用药前相比,差异具有统计学意义.②患者用药后1周、1个月、3个月时O'Leary-Sant评分和生活质量评分与用药前相比(O'Leary-Sant评分:用药前vs用药后1 W,1 M,3 M为27.93±4.03 vs 28.04±6.69,27.44±3.89,27.96±4.13;生活质量评分:用药前vs用药后1 W、1 M、3 M为5.52±0.51 vs 5.30±0.47、5.33±0.56、5.44±0.51),比较差异无统计学意义.③所有患者均坚持完成试验,无一例退出.使用RTX后患者生命体征均平稳,其中20例有轻度或中度膀胱或尿道刺激症状,可以耐受,1～3天后均自行消失,无全身不良反应.结论:用RTX膀胱灌注治疗能有效缓解间质性膀胱炎的临床症状和改善其生活质量,且耐受性及安全性好.