桑叶中降糖活性成分筛选及其药效学研究

目的:筛选桑叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-GS苷酶)抑制活性最佳组分,并进行体内降糖活性研究。方法:采用柱层析法对桑叶水提物进行分离,利用体外细胞实验筛选出α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最佳组分,并采用链脲霉素诱导的大鼠高血糖动物模型进行跟踪验证。结果:细胞实验结果表明,桑叶提取物中生物碱的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最强。体内试验中,与模型组比较,生物碱给药组糖尿病大鼠的血糖有明显降低。结论:桑叶中的生物碱具有显著的降血糖的作用(P0.05)。     

一氧化氮和水杨酸依次介导内生真菌诱导子促进苍术细胞中苍术素生物合成的信号转导

目的 研究介导内生真菌诱导子促进苍术悬浮细胞中苍术素生物合成的信号分子及信号转导途径,并探讨诱导子对苍术素合成途径关键酶活性的影响。方法 采用植物细胞悬浮培养法,考察内生真菌诱导子处理下苍术细胞中一氧化氮（NO）、水杨酸（SA）及苍术素量的变化。结果 内生真菌诱导子通过诱导苍术细胞中一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）以及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC）的活性,显著促进苍术细胞的NO迸发、SA和苍术素的合成。NOS抑制剂PBITU可以阻断诱导子对NO、SA和苍术素合成的促进作用,外源NO供体SNP及外源SA单独处理也能促进苍术素的合成,说明NO和SA是参与苍术素合成的信号分子,且NOS是参与诱导子诱发苍术细胞NO迸发的主要途径。NO猝灭剂cPITO可以有效清除诱导子诱发苍术细胞的NO迸发,显著阻断诱导子对苍术细胞中SA和苍术素合成的促进作用,外源SNP可以逆转cPITO对PAL、ACC活性以及SA、苍术素合成的抑制作用,表明NO是介导内生真菌诱导子诱发苍术细胞中苍术素和SA生物合成所必需的上游信号分子。结论 NO主要通过SA信号途径介导内生真菌诱导子激活ACC,显著促进苍术细胞中苍术素的生物合成。     

Louki Zupa decoction attenuates the airway inflammation in acute asthma mice induced by ovalbumin through IL-33/ST2-NF-κB/GSK3β/mTOR signalling pathway

ContextAsthma is a common respiratory system disease. Louki Zupa decoction (LKZP), a traditional Chinese medicine, presents a promising efficacy against lung diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogenic mechanism of asthma and reveal the intervention mechanism of LKZP.Materials and methodsForty-eight female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group (NC), ovalbumin (OVA)/saline asthma model group, OVA/LL group, OVA/LM group, OVA/LH group and OVA/DEX group (n = 8 per group). The asthmatic mice were modelled through intraperitoneal injecting and neutralizing OVA. LKZP decoction was administrated by gavage at the challenge stage for seven consecutive days (2.1, 4.2 and 8.4 g/kg/day). We investigated the change in lung function, airway inflammation, mucus secretion and TH-1/TH-2-related cytokines. We further verify the activated status of the IL-33/ST2/NF-κB/GSK3β/mTOR signalling pathway.ResultsLKZP was proved to improve asthmatic symptoms, as evidenced by the down-regulated airway resistance by 36%, 58% and 53% (p < 0.01, p < 0.001 vs. OVA/saline group), up-regulated lung compliance by 102%, 114% and 111%, decreased airway inflammation and mucus secretion by 33%, 40% and 33% (p < 0.001 vs. OVA/saline group). Moreover, the content of cytokines in BALF related to airway allergy (such as IgE) and T helper 1/T helper 2 cells (like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α and IFN-γ), were also markedly reduced by 13–65% on LKZP intervention groups compared with model group. Mechanistic research revealed that the IL-33/ST2-NF-κB/GSK3β/mTOR signalling pathway was activated in the OVA/saline group and LKZP significantly down-regulated this pathway.Discussion and conclusionLKZP improves lung function, airway inflammation, mucus secretion and correct immune imbalance by intervening with the IL-33/ST2-NF-κB/GSK3β/mTOR signalling pathway, presenting a promising therapeutic choice for asthma.     

鸢尾不同产地、采收期总黄酮的含量测定

采用紫外分光光度法测定了不同产地鸢尾 Iris tectorum Maxim.干燥根茎及南京栽培鸢尾不同采收期药材中总黄酮的含量。其结果为四川峨眉产鸢尾药材总黄酮含量为 4 .5 1% ,四川巫山 5 .73% ,重庆万源6 .86 % ,四川都江堰 6 .94 % ,四川成都 6 .6 4 % ,四川洋县 5 .83% ,四川石柱 6 .4 9% ,四川广元 5 .70 % ,四川涪陵 5 .96 % ,安徽亳州 4 .33% ,江苏南京 4 .38%。南京栽培鸢尾不同采收期药材的总黄酮含量为 1月 5 .4 1% ,2月 4 .36 % ,3月 3.0 3% ,4月 4 .2 8% ,5月 6 .5 9% ,6月 4 .6 9% ,7月 7.17% ,8月 6 .0 3% ,9月 5 .85 % ,10月4 .4 3% ,11月 4 .4 9% ,12月 4 .36 %。不同产地的鸢尾药材以四川都江堰所产含量最高。不同采收期的鸢尾药材以 5月 ,7月 ,8月的含量较高 ,其最佳采收期以 7～ 8月或 5月为宜。     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of LAMS-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line LOVO. METHODS LOVO cells were treated with different concentrations of LAMS-2,3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and morphology observation were performed with Hoechst 33258 dye to determine the effects of LAMS-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of LOVO cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrion permeability transition pore (MPTP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (????m). Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used to analyze intracellular calcium ion concentration, Western blot was performed to analyze the expressions of Cyt-C, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Spectrophotometer was applied to quantify the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3. RESULTS LAMS-2 inhibited LOVO cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, the apoptosis morphology was obvious. LAMS-2 treatment increased the intracellular level of ROS and Ca²⁺; activated intracellular MPTP and decreased ????m; it also induced the release of Cyt-C and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3. CONCLUSION LAMS-2 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of LOVO cells and induce apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway.     

冬虫夏草子囊孢子的弹射

在四川康定和西藏那曲两地,对虫草子座的光照强度处理,结果表明：两地的虫草子囊孢子弹射时间有差异;光照强度不同,子囊孢子弹射的数量,时间和萌发率均不同。要使冬虫夏草子囊孢子正常弹射和提高萌发率,必须满足温度、湿度和日照三个基本条件。本结果为人工培植冬虫夏草奠定基础。     

Hypertension and diabetes synergistically strengthen the association with cataracts among Chinese

AIM: To examine the relationship between age-related cataracts (ARC) and comorbid hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed the administrative records of 6,467 patients aged 50 years and older admitted to the ophthalmological department of a tertiary hospital from January 1st, 2011 to May 20th, 2017. With either eye considered, an ARC (n=3,343) was defined as the presence of lens opacity or previous cataract surgery without evidence of trauma, congenital anomalies or using certain medications. Patients admitted to the same department during the same period due to ocular traumas without clinical evidence of cataracts (n=379) were recruited as the cataract-free controls. Unconditional logistic regressions were obtained the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension and diabetes among ARC patients adjusted for age, sex and health care accessibility. RESULTS: Hypertension was diagnosed in 29.54% of men with any type of cataracts, in 30.12% of men with an ARC, and 10.82% of men of cataract-free controls. Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.64% of men with any type of cataracts, in 16.48% of men with ARC and 4.22% of men of cataract-free controls. Similar patterns were observed among women. After adjusting for age, sex, and health care accessibility, hypertension was weakly [OR=1.83 (95%CI: 1.23, 2.74)] and diabetes was strongly [3.38 (1.86, 6.15)] associated with ARCs. The adjusted OR of comorbid hypertension and diabetes among adults with ARC was 18.20 (4.38, 75.59). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and diabetes were independently associated with ARC. Hypertension and diabetes, if co-existing, multiplicatively strengthened the association with ARC.     

妊娠期妇科肿瘤手术的麻醉处理

妊娠期妇科肿瘤是临床上发生率较高的妊娠合并症之一。由于此类患者妊娠的特殊性,相应的手术麻醉处理也更为复杂,文章通过分析妊娠期妇科肿瘤的基本要点,相应手术及麻醉对母体及胎儿的影响,探讨麻醉过程中的处理要点,以便于指导临床麻醉工作。     

社区卫生服务中心远程重症监护网络的建立与临床运用

目的:探索社区卫生服务中心远程重症监护网络建立后的临床应用效果.方法:以闵行区江川社区卫生服务中心住院的重症监护慢性病患者为研究对象.2012年6月至2014年1月住院的患者为对照组,远程监护网络系统安装后的2014年1月至2015年6月患者为研究组,收集两组患者的死亡例数、转院至第五人民医院的患者病例数及在重症监护室的平均住院时间.结果:对照组患者死亡人数占患者总数的20.4％,转院人数占33.3％,重疰监护平均时间为(5.48±1.69)d;研究组死亡人数占患者总数的9.8％,转院人数占19.6％,重症监护平均时间为(4.95±1.48)d.与平台开通前相比,开通后的死亡和转院患者人数有所下降,患者重症监护平均时间缩短,网络建立前后比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:远程重症监护平台的应用降低了重症监护慢性病患者的死亡和转院人数,缩短了重症监护平均时间,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

巨噬细胞在心肌梗死治疗中的研究现状

巨噬细胞在心肌梗死损伤中发挥了“双刃”作用。近年来研究表明,心肌细胞浸润的巨噬细胞在不同因子刺激下极化成功能不同的亚群,即M1和M2。M1型巨噬细胞主要发挥促炎作用,加重心肌损伤,而M2型巨噬细胞则主要抑制受损组织炎症发生,同时能促进新生血管的生成。因此M2型巨噬细胞在心肌损伤中发挥的正面作用越来越受到关注。本文对近年来国内外关于M2型巨噬细胞在心肌组织中发挥的作用,及其重要调控机制等进行了综述,并对M2型极化在促心肌微血管治疗中的研究现状及其物质基础进行了概述。