全文获取类型
收费全文 | 313篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 11篇 |
妇产科学 | 16篇 |
基础医学 | 55篇 |
口腔科学 | 2篇 |
临床医学 | 35篇 |
内科学 | 54篇 |
皮肤病学 | 7篇 |
神经病学 | 34篇 |
特种医学 | 10篇 |
外科学 | 43篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 16篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 7篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 49篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有345条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
281.
Malgorzata Banys-Paluchowski Isabell Witzel Sabine Riethdorf Klaus Pantel Brigitte Rack Wolfgang Janni Peter A. Fasching Bahriye Aktas Sabine Kasimir-Bauer Andreas Hartkopf Erich-Franz Solomayer Tanja Fehm Volkmar Müller 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2018,169(1):93-103
Background
Advanced therapeutic strategies are often accompanied by significant adverse effects, which warrant equally progressive countermeasures. Physical exercise has proven an effective intervention to improve physical function and reduce fatigue in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in this population are not well established although HIIT has proven effective in other clinical populations. The aim of the OptiTrain trial was to examine the effects of concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT) or concurrent moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT-HIIT), to usual care (UC) on pain sensitivity and physiological outcomes in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy.Methods
Two hundred and forty women were randomized to 16 weeks of RT-HIIT, AT-HIIT, or UC. Outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body mass, hemoglobin levels, and pressure-pain threshold.Results
Pre- to post-intervention, RT-HIIT (ES = 0.41) and AT-HIIT (ES = 0.42) prevented the reduced cardiorespiratory fitness found with UC. Handgrip strength (surgery side: RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.41, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.28; non-surgery side: RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.35, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.22) and lower-limb muscle strength (RT-HIIT vs. UC: ES = 0.66, RT-HIIT vs. AT-HIIT: ES = 0.23) were significantly improved in the RT-HIIT. Increases in body mass were smaller in RT-HIIT (ES = ? 0.16) and AT-HIIT (ES = ? 0.16) versus UC. RT-HIIT reported higher pressure-pain thresholds than UC (trapezius: ES = 0.46, gluteus: ES = 0.53) and AT-HIIT (trapezius: ES = 0.30).Conclusion
Sixteen weeks of RT-HIIT significantly improved muscle strength and reduced pain sensitivity. Both exercise programs were well tolerated and were equally efficient in preventing increases in body mass and in preventing declines in cardiorespiratory fitness. These results highlight the importance of implementing a combination of resistance and high-intensity interval training during chemotherapy for women with breast cancer.282.
Dr. med. Henrik Bockslaff Manfred Spitznas Isabell Hahn Gerd Kloster 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》1981,217(4):255-266
An application of l-3-123I-iodo--methyltyrosine for the detection of ocular melanoma is presented. In rabbits with malignant Greene amelanotic melanoma transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye, all tumors were detected in positive contrast using a gamma camera with a single pinhole collimator. The smallest tumor identified weighed 65 mg. Our data are compared with those obtained with 32PO4, 67Ga, 203Pb or labelled iodochloroquine.
Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung von L-3-123Iod--methyltyrosin zum Nachweis des Augenmelanoms wird dargestellt. Bei Kaninchen mit einem malignen amelanotischen Melanom (Greene), das in die Vorderkammer des Auges transplantiert wurde, konnten alle Tumoren mit einer Gamma-Kamera, ausgerüstet mit einem Lochblendenkollimator, in positivem Kontrast nachgewiesen werden. Der kleinste nachgewiesene Tumor wog 65 mg. Unsere Daten werden mit denen verglichen, die bei Verwendung von 32PO4, 67Ga, 203Pb oder markiertem Iodchloroquin erhalten wurden.相似文献
283.
Amy Liang Isabell Piroth Hayley Robinson Bruce MacDonald Mark Fisher Urs M. Nater Nadine Skoluda Elizabeth Broadbent 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2017,18(10):871-878
Objectives
To investigate the affective, social, behavioral, and physiological effects of the companion robot Paro for people with dementia in both a day care center and a home setting.Design
A pilot block randomized controlled trial over 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to the intervention (Paro) or control condition (standard care).Setting
Two dementia day care centers and participants’ homes in Auckland, New Zealand.Participants
Thirty dyads (consisting of a care recipient with dementia and their caregiver) took part in this study. All care recipients attended dementia day care centers at Selwyn Foundation and had a formal diagnosis of dementia.Intervention
Thirty-minute unstructured group sessions with Paro at the day care center were run 2 to 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Participants also had Paro at home for 6 weeks.Measurements
At the day care centers, observations of the care recipients’ behavior, affect, and social responses were recorded using a time sampling method. Observations of interactions with Paro for participants in the intervention were also recorded. Blood pressure and salivary cortisol were collected from care recipients before and after sessions at day care. In the home setting, level of cognition, depressive symptoms, neuropsychiatric symptoms, behavioral agitation, and blood pressure were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Hair cortisol measures were collected at baseline and at 6 weeks.Results
Observations showed that Paro significantly improved facial expressions (affect) and communication with staff (social interaction) at the day care centers. Subanalyses showed that care recipients with less cognitive impairment responded significantly better to Paro. There were no significant differences in care recipient dementia symptoms, nor physiological measures between the intervention and control group.Conclusion
Paro shows promise in enhancing affective and social outcomes for certain individuals with dementia in a community context. Larger randomized controlled trials in community settings, with longer time frames, are needed to further specify the contexts and characteristics for which Paro is most beneficial. 相似文献284.
Chrysanthi Skevaki Pavel Tafo Kathrin Eiringhaus Nina Timmesfeld Markus Weckmann Christine Happle Philipp P. Nelson Nicole Maison Bianca Schaub Isabell Ricklefs Oliver Fuchs Erika von Mutius Matthias Volkmar Kopp Harald Renz Gesine Hansen Anna-Maria Dittrich the ALLIANCE Study Group 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2021,51(10):1331-1345
285.
Nerlich AG Sauer U Ruoss I Hagedorn HG 《Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology》2003,83(8):1241-1251
In this study we analyze 105 paraformaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 12 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx for the presence of gene mutations of the complete TGF-beta-receptor-II (TBR-II) gene. This study was conducted on tissue samples following separation of tumor cell groups from adjacent stroma cell compartments by laser microdissection, resulting in pure tumor cell complexes of approximately 50 to 500 cells. We detected 35 different mutations in 5 of the 12 patients analyzed but none in numerous samples of the normal peritumoral stroma or in normal epithelium. Twelve of the mutations were silent and nonfunctional, whereas the 23 relevant mutations were either bp replacements leading to amino acid exchanges or deletions leading to frame shifts and premature stop codons. Except for the so-called "big polyadenine tract" in exon 3 with several similar mutations, no further mutational hot spot was found. In addition we found a correlation between mutations and a loss of typical TGF-beta effects in tumor cells (high cell proliferation rate) but not in the stroma cells (low proliferative capacity, significant de novo deposition of matrix material). This study is the first to identify a high mutational rate of the TBR-II gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We show that that only small tumor-cell groups are affected. The molecular abnormalities are variable, and only one hot spot of mutations can be identified (exon 3, big polyadenine tract). These defects and possibly comparable mutations in other proteins of the TGF-beta-signaling cascade seem to be associated with enhanced cell proliferation rates and alterations of the peritumoral matrix. 相似文献
286.
The inhalation of particles and their exposure to the bronchi and alveoli constitute a major public health risk. Chemical as well as particle-related properties are important factors for the biological response but are difficult to separate from each other. Barium sulfate is a completely inert chemical compound, therefore it is ideally suited to separate these two factors. The biological response of rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) was analyzed after exposure to barium sulfate particles with three different diameters (40?nm, 270?nm, and 1.3?μm, respectively) for 24?h in vitro (particle concentrations from 12.5 to 200?μg mL?1). The particles were colloidally stabilized as well as fluorescently-labeled by carboxymethylcellulose, conjugated with 6-aminofluorescein. All kinds of barium sulfate particles were efficiently taken up by NR8383 cells and found inside endo-lysosomes, but never in the cell nucleus. Neither an inflammatory nor a cytotoxic response was detected by the ability of dHL-60 and NR8383 cells to migrate towards a chemotactic gradient (conditioned media of NR8383 cells) and by the release of inflammatory mediators (CCL2, TNF-α, IL-6). The particles neither caused apoptosis (up to 200?μg?mL?1) nor necrosis (up to 100?μg?mL?1). As only adverse reaction, necrosis was found at a concentration of 200?μg?mL?1 of the largest barium sulfate particles (1.3?μm). Barium sulfate particles are ideally suited as bioinert control to study size-dependent effects such as uptake mechanisms of intracellular distributions of pure particles, especially in nanotoxicology. 相似文献
287.
Neupärtl M Meyer C Woll I Frohns F Kang M Van Etten JL Kramer D Hertel B Moroni A Thiel G 《Virology》2008,372(2):340-348
Infection of Chlorella NC64A cells by PBCV-1 produces a rapid depolarization of the host probably by incorporation of a viral-encoded K(+) channel (Kcv) into the host membrane. To examine the effect of an elevated conductance, we monitored the virus-stimulated efflux of K(+) from the chlorella cells. The results indicate that all 8 chlorella viruses tested evoked a host specific K(+) efflux with a concomitant decrease in the intracellular K(+). This K(+) efflux is partially reduced by blockers of the Kcv channel. Qualitatively these results support the hypothesis that depolarization and K(+) efflux are at least partially mediated by Kcv. The virus-triggered K(+) efflux occurs in the same time frame as host cell wall degradation and ejection of viral DNA. Therefore, it is reasonable to postulate that loss of K(+) and associated water fluxes from the host lower the pressure barrier to aid ejection of DNA from the virus particles into the host. 相似文献
288.
Bauerschmitz GJ Ranki T Kangasniemi L Ribacka C Eriksson M Porten M Herrmann I Ristimäki A Virkkunen P Tarkkanen M Hakkarainen T Kanerva A Rein D Pesonen S Hemminki A 《Cancer research》2008,68(14):5533-5539
It has been proposed that human tumors contain stem cells that have a central role in tumor initiation and posttreatment relapse. Putative breast cancer stem cells may reside in the CD44(+)CD24(-/low) population. Oncolytic adenoviruses are attractive for killing of these cells because they enter through infection and are therefore not susceptible to active and passive mechanisms that render stem cells resistant to many drugs. Although adenoviruses have been quite safe in cancer trials, preclinical work suggests that toxicity may eventually be possible with more active agents. Therefore, restriction of virus replication to target tissues with tissues-specific promoters is appealing for improving safety and can be achieved without loss of efficacy. We extracted CD44(+)CD24(-/low) cells from pleural effusions of breast cancer patients and found that modification of adenovirus type 5 tropism with the serotype 3 knob increased gene delivery to CD44(+)CD24(-/low) cells. alpha-Lactalbumin, cyclo-oxygenase 2, telomerase, and multidrug resistance protein promoters were studied for activity in CD44(+)CD24(-/low) cells, and a panel of oncolytic viruses was subsequently constructed. Each virus featured 5/3 chimerism of the fiber and a promoter controlling expression of E1A, which was also deleted in the Rb binding domain for additional tumor selectivity. Cell killing assays identified Ad5/3-cox2L-d24 and Ad5/3-mdr-d24 as the most active agents, and these viruses were able to completely eradicate CD44(+)CD24(-/low) cells in vitro. In vivo, these viruses had significant antitumor activity in CD44(+)CD24(-/low)-derived tumors. These findings may have relevance for elimination of cancer stem cells in humans. 相似文献
289.
Sandra M Penz Isabell Bernlochner Orsolya Tóth Reinhard Lorenz Andreas Calatzis Wolfgang Siess 《Thrombosis journal》2010,8(1):1-8
Background
Experimental models of pulmonary embolism (PE) that produce pulmonary hypertension (PH) employ many different methods of inducing acute pulmonary occlusion. Many of these models induce PE with intravenous injection of exogenous impervious objects that may not completely reproduce the physiological properties of autologous thromboembolism. Current literature lacks a simple, well-described rat model of autlogous PE. Objective: Test if moderate-severity autologous PE in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Copenhagen (Cop) rats can produce persistent PH.Methods
blood was withdrawn from the jugular vein, treated with thrombin-Ca++ and re-injected following pretreatment with tranexamic acid. Hemodynamic values, clot weights and biochemical measurements were performed at 1 and 5 days.Results
Infusion of clot significantly increased the right ventricular peak systolic pressure to 45-55 mm Hg, followed by normalization within 24 hours in SD rats, and within 5 days in COP rats. Clot lysis was 95% (24 hours) and 97% (5 days) in SD rats and was significantly lower in COP rats (70%, 24 hours; 87% 5 days). Plasma D-dimer was elevated in surgical sham animals and was further increased 8 hours after pulmonary embolism. Neither strain showed a significant increase in bronchoalveolar chemotactic activity, myeloperoxidase activity, leukocyte infiltration, or chemokine accumulation, indicating that there was no significant pulmonary inflammation.Conclusions
Both SD and COP rats exhibited near complete fibrinolysis of autologous clot PE within 5 days. Neither strain developed persistent PH. Experimental models of PE designed to induce sustained PH and a robust inflammatory response appear to require significant, persistent pulmonary vascular occlusion. 相似文献290.
Isabell Witzel Sibylle Loibl Gunter von Minckwitz Christoph Mundhenke Jens Huober Claus Hanusch Stephan Henschen Maik Hauschild Tilmann Lantzsch Hans Tesch Kunibert Latos Marianne Just Jörn Hilfrich Jana Barinoff Christine zu Eulenburg Marc Roller Michael Untch Volkmar Müller 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2010,123(2):437-445
In the context of neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for breast cancer patients, different targeted therapy approaches are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Serum markers could help to monitor and optimize such treatment strategies. We investigated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 serum (sHER2) levels in 175 breast cancer patients participating in the GeparQuattro trial. This study incorporated NT approaches and additional trastuzumab treatment for all patients with HER2-positive tumors. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before initiation of NT and after NT (pre-surgery) in a HER2-positive (n = 90) and a HER2-negative patient cohort (n = 85). Median pre-chemotherapy sHER2 levels were higher in patients with positive HER2 status of the primary tumor than in patients with negative HER2 status (14.9 ng/ml vs. 7.7 ng/ml, P < 0.001). A pre-chemotherapy sHER2 cut-off level of 10 ng/ml had the best sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between HER2-positive and HER2-negative primary tumors. In HER2-positive patients, we found a significant positive association between pathological complete remission (pCR) and elevated sHER2 levels (above 15 ng/ml, P = 0.045) and a decrease of sHER2 levels during NT (P = 0.02), which was also significant in multivariate analysis (OR = 3.29, 95% CI 1.001–10.89, P = 0.049). In HER2-negative patients, we observed no association between sHER2 levels and pCR (P > 0.05). Monitoring sHER2 levels in the presence of anti-HER2 treatment might be an adjunct to the clinical evaluation during NT. 相似文献