An epizootic of Rift Valley fever in Egypt in 1997

An epizootic of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occurred in Egypt between April and August 1997. The signs among infected cattle and sheep were high fever, icterus, bloody diarrhoea and abortion. Aborted sheep foetuses and sera from the affected herds were collected in the Aswan and Assiut Provinces, Upper Egypt, for virological and serological examination. A cytopathic effect was detected in Vero cell cultures 48 h after inoculation with the foetal liver and spleen suspensions. The same suspensions caused paralysis and mortalities two to three days post intracerebral injection in mice. The isolated virus was identified using an agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and a direct fluorescent antibody technique. Serological examination revealed that all tested sheep (57) and cattle (93) gave positive results to serological tests, using a complement fixation (CF), serum neutralisation (SN) and indirect immunofluorescence assay; while only 48 (84.2%) out of 57 sheep sera and 69 (74.2%) out of 93 cattle sera gave positive results using an AGPT. Titration of the serum samples indicated that SN is more sensitive than CF. Importation of infected ruminants, especially camels from the Sudan, is the principal source of infection. Aswan, the nearest Egyptian province to the Sudan, is the focus of RVF virus infection in Egypt. As a result of high insect populations, the epizootics of RVF have usually occurred during the summer in Egypt. Reoccurrence of epizootics from time to time indicates failure of the applied RVF vaccination programme in Egypt.     

Calcium bioavailability of selected Egyptian foods with emphasis on the impact of fermentation and germination

The bioavailability of calcium (Ca) was assessed in 11 foodstuffs of plant or animal origin using rat feeding experiments and the criteria used for assessing the bioavailability were femur Ca and calcium efficiency. The bioavailability of Ca was found to be highest in fishes (Melouha) and cheeses (Mesh) fermented under local processing techniques. Germination of faba beans also enhanced the bioavailability of calcium to a mean value quite comparable to those of some dairy products, such as cottage cheese. The present study clearly demonstrates that the processes of fermentation and germination of selected foods are associated with an enhancement in the bioavailability of calcium. It is suggested that the breakdown of complex proteins under the fermentation or germination process is the underlying mechanism of action.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of dipstick haematuria and proteinuria in screening Schistosoma haematobium infection among school children in upper Egypt

This study aimed at evaluation of validity and reliability of dipstick haematuria and proteinuria in screening school children for Schistosoma haematobium infection. It included a random sample of 400 school children aged 6-15 years in rural area of Fayoum Governorate, upper Egypt. Urine samples of the studied children were tested parasitologically by urine filtration technique as a reference test and semiquantitatively for haematuria and proteinuria using urine reagent strips as screening tests. Results of the study revealed that haematuria was a better indicator for Schistosoma haematobium infection than proteinuria, as it was more sensitive (85.5% 73.4%, respectively), specific (94.4% 82.9%, respectively) and reliable (kappa=92% 80%, respectively). Moreover, it had stronger relationship with intensity of infection (r=0.88 & 0.67, respectively). A combination of different grades of haematuria and proteinuria did not significantly increase either sensitivity or specificity. Dipstick haematuria could be a valuable technique in screening rural Egyptian school children who are at risk of urinary schistosmiasis.     

薄荷油β-环糊精包合物的制备研究

目的：研究β-环糊精包合薄荷油的最佳工艺。方法：采用正交试验法，以挥发油包合率为指标。结果：优选出最佳包合工艺为：薄荷油：β-环糊精=1：8，包合温度45℃，包合时间1．5h，薄荷油无需稀释，挥发油包合率为86．O％。结论：该法适合大生产。     

薄层扫描法测定妇炎泰胶囊中延胡索乙素的含量

目的建立妇炎泰胶囊中延胡索乙素的含量测定方法。方法采用薄层扫描法测定妇炎泰胶囊中延胡索乙素的含量,以正己烷-氯仿-甲醇(7∶3∶0.5)为展开剂,双波长反射法锯齿扫描,λS=275nm,λR=370nm,狭缝1.2×1.2mm,SX=3。结果线性范围为0.2～1.0μg,r=0.9992,平均回收率为96.7%,RSD为1.92%。结论该方法准确,重现性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

磷脂聚合物在医药学中的应用

目的在简介磷脂的基础上 ,概括了磷脂类似物和磷脂聚合物的合成方法及其在医药领域中的应用。方法在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上 ,进行分析、整理和归纳。结果磷脂聚合物的合成方法已经发展的比较成熟 ,但是在医药方面的应用主要限于磷脂聚合物型脂质体、聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰型脂质体和磷脂修饰型聚合物。结论具有两亲性和生物相容性的磷脂及其聚合物在医药领域具有广泛的发展前景     

针刺对糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经过度非酶性糖基化的调节

目的　神经蛋白的非酶性糖基化水平异常升高是糖尿病神经病变的重要病理机制之一 ,本文旨在探讨针刺防治糖尿病神经病变的疗效是否与改善坐骨神经蛋白非酶性糖基化水平有关。方法　将腹腔注射链脲佐菌素造成血糖高于 16.7m m ol/ L 的糖尿病大鼠分为模型对照组、针刺治疗组和胰岛素治疗组 ,另设正常组 ,每组 6-7只。造模四周末开始治疗 ,针刺组隔日治疗 1次 ;胰岛素组每天皮下注射胰岛素 ( 4U/ 10 0 g) ,共治疗 2个月。其间动态监测血糖 ,并采用竞争性 AGE EL ISA法测定坐骨神经中 AGEs含量。结果　在造模 6周末 ,针刺组和胰岛素组大鼠的空腹血糖水平比模型组略有降低 ,没有统计学意义 ,而在 12星期末均比模型组明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;模型组坐骨神经 A GEs水平为 0 .34 6± 0 .0 5 9U/ ml,比正常组( 0 .197± 0 .0 2 7U/ ml)明显升高 ,而针刺组 ( 0 .170± 0 .0 2 7U/ m l)和胰岛素组 ( 0 .194± 0 .0 34 U/ ml)均比模型组明显降低 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,与正常组相比无统计学差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论　在糖尿病的早期给与针刺或胰岛素治疗可以防止坐骨神经 AGEs含量的异常增加和积聚 ,使之接近正常水平。说明电针可以通过遏制 AGEs的形成和积聚 ,达到防治糖尿病神经病变的发生发展     

青藤碱对小鼠吗啡的精神依赖以及cAMP水平的影响

目的　观察中药单体成分青藤碱 (sinomenine ,Sin)对吗啡诱导的小鼠精神依赖及其中枢cAMP水平的变化的影响。方法　采用有倾向性程序引起小鼠显著的位置偏爱效应 ,利用条件性位置偏爱实验观察ipSin 10、30、6 0mg·kg-1对小鼠吗啡奖赏效应的影响 ,用放射免疫法测定小鼠脑中cAMP含量。结果　Sin可剂量依赖性地缩短小鼠在吗啡伴药箱的时间 ,对吗啡慢性作用引起的小鼠脑内cAMP含量增加具有抑制作用。结论　Sin能减弱小鼠对吗啡的精神依赖 ,降低中枢cAMP水平 ,且其本身未显示精神依赖性反应。     

水和非水毛细管电泳-电导检测法分离测定水杨酸类药物

目的建立水和非水毛细管电泳-电导法分离水杨酸类药物。方法用未涂层石英毛细管柱(55 cm×50 μm),以10 mmol·L^-1 Tris-30 mmol·L^-1 H₃BO₃(pH 8.0)为运行缓冲液,分离电压为24 kV,进样时间10 s,电导检测法。结果在非水实验条件下,水杨酸(SA)、乙酰水杨酸(ASA)和磺基水杨酸(SSA)得到很好的分离。SA,ASA和SSA的线性范围分别为0.05～100 mg·L^-1,5.0～250 mg·L^-1,0.08～100 mg·L^-1,r均大于0.995。结论应用于阿斯匹林制剂中水杨酸和乙酰水杨酸含量的测定,结果令人满意。与水介质相比,乙醇介质具有更高的灵敏度和分离效率。     

血库在安全输血中的重要性

为了全面发展安全输血事业，除了血液中心或血站与此有非常重要的关系外，血库也是一个极其重要的环节。本文从配血样本的严格把关；技术操作的规范化；科学合理用血；记录与核对；输血前的病毒检验几术方面阐述了安全血液与血库的关系，强调血库的重要性，以全方位保证临床输血安全。