脑内注射乙酰胆碱受体抗体IgG对大鼠隔-海马胆碱能系统的损害

目的　探讨乙酰胆碱受体抗体 ( Ach Rab) Ig G对大鼠隔 -海马胆碱能系统的损害及对认知功能的影响。方法　 Ach Rab阳性 Ig G或健康人 Ig G注入大鼠一侧隔 -斜角带核区 ,跳台试验测试大鼠的学习记忆功能 ,乙酰胆碱酯酶 ( Ach E)组织化学法测定颞叶、海马 Ach E阳性纤维 ,免疫组化测定隔 -斜角带核区胆碱乙酰转移酶( Ch AT)阳性神经元。结果　实验组大鼠错误次数 ( 7.8± 1..5 )较对照组 ( 3.6± 1.3)明显增加 ;实验组大鼠颞叶及海马各区 Ach E纤维面密度均明显低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1) ;实验组注射侧 Ch AT阳性细胞数 ( 30 .4 5± 5 .4 1)明显少于实验组非注射侧 ( 5 4 .0 0± 7.5 9)和对照组注射侧 ( 6 3.5 3± 5 .12 ) ;实验组非注射侧明显少于对照组非注射侧 ( 6 8.35± 4 .72 )。结论　内侧隔 -斜角带核区定向注射 Ach Rab Ig G可使胆碱能神经元损害 ,进而导致胆碱能系统功能障碍。因而认为 MG认知功能障碍与中枢胆碱能系统损害有关     

经颅多普勒频谱参数与急性颅脑损伤患者颅内压的关系

目的探讨急性颅脑损伤患者的经颅多普勒频谱参数与颅内压的关系。方法应用TCD检测20例急性中、重型颅脑损伤患者双侧大脑中动脉,同时行颅内压监测。结果经颅多普勒频谱参数cf、PI、af、RI、ae均和ICP正相关,Vd、ac和ICP负相关,其中cf与ICP的相关系数最大。建立TCD相关参数与ICP的多元线性回归方程:ICP=0.312MAP-1.531Vd+21.437PI-15.059ac+38.722cf(P<0.001,R2=0.920估计值的标准差=4.0972mmHg)。结论经颅多谱勒频谱参数可以反应颅脑损伤患者的颅内压的改变。综合研究经颅多谱勒频谱参数、血压与颅内压的关系是应用经颅多普勒无创监测颅内压的方向。     

Schistosomiasis in a cystic teratoma of the ovary

The authors report the case of an ovarian teratoma infected by the eggs of the trematode Schistosoma haematobium. In consideration of the rare observation, bearing a paradigmatic value, they briefly discuss the particular tropism that the parasite demonstrated towards some tumoral structures and they also outline the immunological mechanisms activated by the Schistosoma.     

Protection against cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia by sulfhydryl-containing agents in the newborn rat animal model

Background Alopecia is a common side-effect of cancer chemotherapy. Although this complication has been known for many decades, little progress has been made in its prevention or treatment. Previously, we made the following observations: ( a ) treatment of 8-day-old rats with 1-0-n-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CYC) produced either total body alopecia (ara-C and CYC) or alopecia confined to the head and proximal part of the neck (doxorubicin); ( b ) Imuvert, a biological response modifier, and interleukin-1 protected against alopecia-induced by ara-C; and (c) neither Imuvert or interleukin-1 protected against CYC-induced alopecia. Objective Experiments were designed to test for agents to protect against CYC-induced alopecia. Methods Agents were tested in the 8-day-old rats as a model for chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Results Mesna and S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphospnorothioic acid (WR-2721) did not offer any protection against chemotherapy-induced alopecia. N-Acetylcysterine offered very good protection against alopecia induced by CYC but not that produced by ara-C in the newborn rate animal model. Conclusion N-Acetylcysteine may prove to be important in the prevention of CYC-induced alopecia, but this needs to be tested in the clinical setting.     

Nursing and substance misuse: responding to the challenge

The widespread use and misuse of alcohol, drug and other psychoactive substances are major health and social concerns that affect the lives of many The social and health sequelae of psychoactive drugs and alcohol are preventable and manageable with minimal interventions Nurses and other health workers can effectively respond to substance misuse problems and their existing generic skills can be easily adapted in working with substance misusers This paper considers some of the issues such as the extent of the problem, attitudinal considerations, response to substance misusers and a brief outline of the role of the nurse The urgent need for education and training in substance misuse and addictive behaviour for nurse practitioners is also addressed     

不同剂量体外冲击波治疗肱骨外上髁炎的疗效对比

目的 比较不同能流密度的体外冲击波(extracorporeal shock wave, ESW)治疗肱骨外上髁炎(lateral epicondylitis, LE)的短期临床疗效,探索ESW的最佳治疗剂量。方法 将120例LE患者分为A、B、C和D 4组,均使用ESW治疗4周,各组的能流密度分别为0.06、0.08、0.10、0.12 mJ/mm²。分别在治疗前及治疗后4、24及48周,比较4组患者疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分、肱骨外上髁炎功能评估(patient-rated tennis elbow evaluation, PRTEE)评分及末次随访患者满意度和复发率。结果 按时间点比较,各组VAS评分治疗前最高,治疗后48周降至最低(P<0.05),4组患者满意度及复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但C组患者满意度(96.67%)明显高于A组(80%),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.04)。按组间比较观察,治疗前各组患肘VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后4、24和48...     

Rapid detection and quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA by real-time PCR using a new fluorescent (FRET) detection system.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has until recently been based on traditional serologic methods targeting viral antigens and antibodies to viral proteins. The development of molecular methods allowing for the quantitation of HBV DNA is proving clinically valuable for monitoring therapy and detecting early treatment failures. OBJECTIVES: Here we report a new real-time (LightCycler) quantitative PCR for the detection of HBV DNA based on sequence specific hybridisation probes (designed in-house), targeting the HBV surface antigen. STUDY DESIGN: The assay was evaluated using a 10-fold dilution series of standard HBV DNA [Eurohep standard reference 1, genotype A, HBsAg subtype adw with a unitage of 10(6) WHO. i.u./ml] and 89 clinical serum samples. The performance was measured against a quantified standard HBV DNA working reagent (NIBSC code 98/780) and the sensitivity compared with our conventional thermal-block PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Real-time PCR detected HBV DNA in 45% (40/89) and thermal-block PCR in 16% (14/75) of clinical samples. Results for 26 samples were below the detection limit of the thermal-block PCR but could be quantified by real-time (LightCycler) PCR. The LightCycler assay was at least 5 logs more sensitive than thermal-block PCR and could detect HBV in a linear range between 5 and 10(7) i.u. per reaction. The broad generic nature of the PCR primers coupled with the enhanced sensitivity and specificity of the fluorescent hybridisation probes makes this assay potentially valuable for both routine diagnostic and epidemiological work.     

GMP法玻璃化冷冻人胚胎的效果观察

目的探索GMP法玻璃化冷人胚胎的可行性。方法选用IVF中多精受精的4-10细胞阶段的胚胎为研究对象，先后在玻璃化1液（10％乙二醇＋10％二甲亚砜）和玻璃化2液（20％乙二醇＋20％二甲亚砜＋0．3M蔗糖）中分别平衡1mim和0．5mim，然后用GMP管虹吸胚胎直接浸入液氮。其结果与常规的程序化慢冻进行比较。结果GMP法的存活率、胚胎完整率、卵裂球存活率比程序化慢冻法更高（分别为94．4％对73．9％，P〈0．01；79．6％对33．9％，P〈0．01；91．6％对67．8％；P〈0．01），但卵裂球完全死亡率更低（0％对10、4％；P〈0．01）。结论GMP法玻璃化冷冻人胚胎是可行的。     

不孕及反复流产患者血清抗心磷脂抗体的检测

目的检测不孕及反复流产患者血清中的抗心磷脂抗体(ACA),探讨ACA的临床意义.方法应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测105例原发或继发不孕患者(不孕组)、171例反复流产或有胚胎停育史患者(流产组)及40例正常对照组血清中的IgG、IgM及IgA-ACA 3种抗体.结果不孕组ACA总阳性率为44.76%,流产组为35.09%,均显著高于对照组(P＜0,01).不孕组及流产组的单纯IgG阳性率亦明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);而两组的单纯IgM阳性率与对照组相比,差异均无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论ACA是导致不孕及反复流产的免疫学因素之一,IgG型的ACA比IgM型的更具临床意义