G-Trisomie bei akuter Erythroleukämie

Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Fall akuter Erythroleukämie mit G-Trisomie berichtet und die mögliche Bedeutung hereditärer Faktoren für die Manifestation akuter Leukämien diskutiert.

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Summary The cytogenetic analyses of direct bone marrow preparations in a 53 years old male with acute erythroleukaemia of 9 months disease history, revealed persistently a G-trisomy in a dominant cell line with 47 chromosomes. The peripheral blood culture preparations with phytohaemagglutinin exhibited normal diploid cell line.The frequent occurrence of akute leukaemia in Down's syndrome tempts to implicate that leukaemia with G-Trisomy having no signs of Down's syndrome is a somatic mutation initiated by some unknown hereditary recessive genes mechanisms.

     

Hybrid Approach to Estimation of Underreporting of Tuberculosis Case Notification in High-Burden Settings With Weak Surveillance Infrastructure: Design and Implementation of an Inventory Study

BackgroundThe greatest risk of infectious disease undernotification occurs in settings with limited capacity to detect it reliably. World Health Organization guidance on the measurement of misreporting is paradoxical, requiring robust, independent systems to assess surveillance rigor. Methods are needed to estimate undernotification in settings with incomplete, flawed, or weak surveillance systems. This study attempted to design a tuberculosis (TB) inventory study that balanced rigor with feasibility for high-need settings.ObjectiveThis study aims to design a hybrid TB inventory study for contexts without World Health Organization preconditions. We estimated the proportion of TB cases that were not reported to the Ministry of Health in 2015. The study sought to describe TB surveillance coverage and quality at different levels of TB care provision. Finally, we aimed to identify structural-, facility-, and provider-level barriers to notification and reasons for underreporting, nonreporting, and overreporting.MethodsRetrospective partial digitalization of paper-based surveillance and facility records preceded deterministic and probabilistic record linkage; a hybrid of health facilities and laboratory census with a stratified sampling of HFs with no capacity to notify leveraged a priori knowledge. Distinct extrapolation methods were applied to the sampled health facilities to estimate bacteriologically confirmed versus clinical TB. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used to identify causal factors responsible for undernotification and test the acceptability of remedies.ResultsThe hybrid approach proved viable and instructive. High-specificity verification of paper-based records in the field was efficient and had minimal errors. Limiting extrapolation to clinical cases improved precision. Probabilistic record linkage is computationally intensive, and the choice of software influences estimates. Record absence, decay, and overestimation of the private sector TB treatment behavior threaten validity, meriting mitigation. Data management demands were underestimated. Treatment success was modest in all sectors (R=37.9%–72.0%) and did not align with treatment success reported by the state (6665/8770, 75.99%). One-fifth of TB providers (36/178, 20%) were doubtful that the low volume of patients with TB treated in their facility merited mastery of the extensive TB notification forms and procedures.ConclusionsSubnational inventory studies can be rigorous, relevant, and efficient in countries that need them even in the absence of World Health Organization preconditions, if precautions are taken. The use of triangulation techniques, with minimal recourse to sampling and extrapolation, and the privileging of practical information needs of local decision makers yield reasonable misreporting estimates and viable policy recommendations.     

长期家庭氧疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理情绪的影响

目的探讨长期家庭氧疗(LTOT)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)低氧血症患者心理情绪的影响。方法31例COPD低氧血症患者用医院焦虑和抑郁情绪表(HAD)进行心理情绪评分。然后分为LTOT组17例和对照组14例。LTOT组的氧流量0.5～2.5L/min,每日吸氧时间≥15h(包括睡眠时间);对照组除未进行LTOT外,其余治疗与氧疗组相同。两组年龄、性别、肺功能和动脉血气无明显差别。1年后分别复查HAD评分。结果LTOT组焦虑评分由治疗前的14.35±3.81下降到1年后的9.65±3.83(P<0.01),抑郁评分由治疗前的13.18±4.50下降到1年后的9.06±2.79(P<0.01);对照组焦虑和抑郁评分均无明显变化。1年后LTOT组的焦虑及抑郁评分分别与对照组比较明显改善。1年后LTOT组除动脉血氧分压与对照组有显著差异外,动脉血二氧化碳分压、PH值及肺功能均无显著差异。结论LTOT能改善COPD低氧血症患者的心理情绪。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液白细胞介素—1β检测及意义

目的：检测牙周炎患者龈沟液（gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)中白细胞介素－1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)的含量,探讨IL－1β在牙周炎发病中的作用。方法：用滤纸条浸润法采集正常成年人及成年人牙周炎患者治疗前后GCF样本,用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测GCF中IL－1β含量变化,牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL－1β水平显著高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）,牙周炎治疗组患者龈沟液中IL－1β水平较牙周炎组显著降低（P＜0．01）,龈沟液中IL－1β水平分别与牙龈指数,探诊出血指数,牙周袋深呈显著正相关,结论：IL－1β参与牙周炎的发生和发展,GCF中IL－1β可作为检查牙周病活动情况的一项较为敏感的指标。     

三种感染性疾病降钙素原水平比较

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)辅助细菌性脓毒症诊断的可靠性,以及在革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌感染鉴别中的意义。方法本项目收集的研究对象为2013年1月-2018年12月,深圳市龙岗中心医院感染科收治的细菌性脓毒症患者131例、登革热患者30例,流行性感冒患者30例。分别检测三组患者体内PCT水平。结果脓毒症组PCT为2.30(0.18,100)ng/ml高于登革热组0.27(0.09,0.54)ng/ml(P<0.001)及流感组0.04(0.01,0.35)ng/ml(P<0.001);而登革热组与流感组相比,PCT浓度则无统计学意义(P=0.128);其次,在脓毒症组中,革兰阴性菌感染者的PCT浓度高于革兰阳性菌感染者(P<0.001)。结论 PCT高浓度对细菌性脓毒症的诊断精确可靠。另外,革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌感染者体内降钙素原的浓度明显不同,这可作为两种细菌感染的鉴别依据。     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉的临床研究

为观察异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围麻醉期呼吸循环功能的变化 ,以评价其实用性和安全性 ,将 30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 ,择期行LC手术 ,以微量泵持续静注异丙酚维持麻醉 (剂量递减法 10～ 8～ 6mg/kg·h-1) ,控制呼吸频率 16～ 2 5 /min ,人工气腹后保持轻度过度通气状态 ,连续监测呼吸循环功能各参数的变化。结果显示 :本组异丙酚平均总用量为 5 6 0± 12 8mg( 8.0 5± 2 .16mg/kg·h-1) ,麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP、MAP一过性降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,于插管后迅速恢复 ;CO2 气腹后PETCO2 开始上升并于 15min后达最高值但在正常范围 ,86 .6 7%的病例于拔管后 5～ 10min麻醉苏醒并能简单答话。认为异丙酚全凭静脉维持麻醉用于老年人LC并于气腹期轻度过度通气能维持呼吸循环功能的相对稳定 ,且苏醒快 ,术后恢复良好 ,具有实用性和安全性     

Laparoscopic Assisted Cystectomy and Lymphadenectomy for Bladder Cancer: Initial Experience

This study discusses our initial experience in the field of laparoscopic management of bladder carcinoma. Ten patients with invasive bladder tumors of variable histology and ranging from stage T2 to T3b were submitted to this procedure. Intraoperative assessment, lateral dissection, posterior dissection, anterior dissection, and urethral transection were achieved laparoscopically. The specimen retrieval and continent pouch construction was performed through a limited abdominal incision. This new regimen allows precise radical lymphadenectomy, early postoperative mobility, fewer wound complications, and shorter hospital stay. The early postoperative results of this procedure are encouraging. Modification and continuous refinement of the technique is still ongoing.