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101.
For many years, the detection of antigen-specific T cells has relied on indirect in vitro assays such as cytokine secretion, proliferation or chromium release assays. Things have dramatically changed during the past few years, thanks to the imagination of several investigators who have developed very elegant strategies to produce multivalent peptide/MHC complexes. One of these strategies has been to produce peptide-loaded monomeric biotinylated MHC molecules, which could be obtained as tetramers upon incubation with tetravalent streptavidin. Although this latter approach has been by far the most popular, this review focuses on other strategies which have also been successful. 相似文献
102.
The construction of hybrids between the variable fragment (Fv) of antibodies and protein MalE of Escherichia coli at the genetic level makes possible their preparation in a functional state, independently of any interaction with the antigen. We used such hybrids and a mutagenesis approach to study the recognition between antibody D1.3 and its antigen lysozyme, and its maturation. We subsequently transformed D1.3 into a reagentless fluorescent biosensor by knowledge-based design. 相似文献
103.
Siddiqui AA Phillips T Charest H Podesta RB Quinlin ML Pinkston JR Lloyd JD Pompa J Villalovos RM Paz M 《Vaccine》2003,21(21-22):2882-2889
Schistosomiasis afflicts an estimated 200 million people in 76 countries and an additional 600 million people are at risk of acquiring this infection. Even though effective anthelmintic treatment and snail eradication control programs exist, the discovery of an effective vaccine still remains the most potentially powerful means of control for this disease. We have concentrated on a vaccine candidate (large subunit of calpain or Sm-p80) because of its potential in conferring protection against challenge infection and its pivotal role in surface membrane biogenesis of schistosomes. Since surface membrane renewal is a major phenomenon employed by hemohelminths to evade host immune system; an immune response directed against Sm-p80 should make the parasite prone to immune clearance from the host by both providing a well-targeted attack and by potentially inhibiting the surface membrane biogenesis process. In the present study, we have utilized DNA immunization protocols using Sm-p80 with plasmids encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Sm-p80 by itself provided a 39% protection (P=0.0001) against challenge infection in C57BL/6 mice. This protection was increased to 57% (P=0.0001) when plasmid encoding IL-2 was co-administered with Sm-p80 DNA. Co-injection of plasmid DNA encoding IL-12 with Sm-p80 DNA yielded a protection level of 45% (P=0.0001). Statistically, the protection conferred by including IL-2 and IL-12 was significantly greater than when only the Sm-p80 was used. Sm-p80 DNA by itself elicited strong responses that includes IgG(2A) and IgG(2B) antibody isotypes. The introduction of IL-2 DNA with Sm-p80 DNA led to an increase in total IgG and IgG(2A) and IgG(2B) titres. Whereas co-administration of IL-12 DNA with Sm-p80 DNA resulted in the augmentation of only total IgG and IgG(2A). This data reinforces the potential of Sm-p80 as an excellent candidate for a schistosomiasis vaccine. 相似文献
104.
Frappaz D Chinot O Bataillard A Ben Hassel M Capelle L Chanalet S Chatel M Figarella-Branger D Guegan Y Guyotat J Khé HX Jouanneau E Keime-Guibert F Laforêt C Linassier C Loiseau H Menel P Rousmans S Sanson M Sunyach MP 《Bulletin du cancer》2003,90(10):873-886
CONTEXT: The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" (SOR) project, which started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centers (FNCLCC), the 20 French Regional Cancer Centers, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. OBJECTIVE: To define clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult patients with intracranial glioma in collaboration with the Association of French-speaking Neuro-oncologists (Anocef) and the French society of neurosurgeons (SNCLF). These recommendations cover diagnosis, classification, treatment and follow-up of patients with these tumors. METHOD: The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts who define the CPGs according to the definitions of the Standards, Options and Recommendations project. Once the guidelines has been defined, the document is submitted for review by independent reviewers. RESULTS: This article is a summary version of the full document presenting the clinical practice guidelines with algorithms. The main recommendations concern the place of the surgery, radiotherapy, chemiotherapy, imagery and concomitant medical treatments in the specific treatment strategy of grade III and IV glioma, grade II glioma, gliomatosis cerebri, pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymoma, xanthoastrocytoma, intracranial ependymoma and brain stem glioma. 相似文献
105.
106.
Chanteux H Paternotte I Mingeot-Leclercq MP Brasseur R Sonveaux E Tulkens PM 《Pharmaceutical research》2003,20(4):624-631
Purpose. The purpose of this work was to examine and understand the cellular pharmacokinetics of two basic esters of ampicillin, pivaloyloxymethyl (PIVA) and phthalimidomethyl (PIMA), in comparison with lysosomotropic drugs (chloroquine, azithromycin).
Methods. Cell culture studies (J774 macrophages) were undertaken to study uptake and release kinetics and to assess the influence of concentration, pH, proton ionophore (monensin), and MRP and P-gp inhibitors (probenecid, gemfibrozil, cyclosporin A, GF 120918). Equilibrium dialysis with liposomes were performed to directly asses the extent of drug binding to bilayers. Conformational analysis modeling of the drug penetration in bilayers was conducted to rationalize the experimental observations.
Results. PIVA and PIMA showed properties in almost complete contrast with those of chloroquine and azithromycin, i.e., fast apparent accumulation and fast release at 4°C as well as at 37°C, saturation of uptake (apparent K
d 40 M), no influence of monensin, MRP, or P-gp inhibitors; tight binding to liposomes (K
d approx. 40 M); and sharp increase in calculated free energy when forced in the hydrophobic domain.
Conclusions. Although they are weak organic bases, PIVA and PIMA show none of the properties of lysosomotropic agents. We hypothesize that they remain locked onto the pericellular membrane and may never penetrate cells as such in significant amounts. 相似文献
107.
108.
Mandonnet E Delattre JY Tanguy ML Swanson KR Carpentier AF Duffau H Cornu P Van Effenterre R Alvord EC Capelle L 《Annals of neurology》2003,53(4):524-528
Serial magnetic resonance images of 27 patients with untreated World Health Organization grade II oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas were reviewed retrospectively to study the kinetics of tumor growth before anaplastic transformation. Analysis of the mean tumor diameters over time showed constant growth. Linear regression, using a mixed model, found an average slope of 4.1mm per year (95% confidence interval, 3.8-4.4mm/year). Untreated low-grade oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas grow continuously during their premalignant phase, and their pattern of growth can be predicted within a relatively narrow range. These findings could be of interest to optimize patients management and follow-up. 相似文献
109.
110.
The aim of the present study was to delineate the involvement of TRH receptors in the thyrotrope adaptation to starvation (i.e. plasma TSH and thyroid hormone decrease, increased sensitivity to T3) by measuring [3H]TRH binding in euthyroid, hypothyroid and T3-substituted rats (175 ng/100 g body weight). Our results show that in euthyroid rats, starvation does not significantly modify either the affinity or the number of pituitary binding sites. In hypothyroid and T3-substituted rats, starvation does not alter the negative control exerted by T3 on the number of TRH binding sites. Our data indicate that the adaptation of thyrotrope to starvation does not primarily result from alterations of TRH binding sites. 相似文献