Combined index finger pollicization with an anterolateral thigh flap for thumb reconstruction

A severe crush injury to the hand is devastating to patients. Under conditions in which the crush force is too great, the digits are not viable candidates for replantation. We present two cases in which the patients suffered from loss of the thumb ray at the first carpometacarpal joint and skin defect at the radial side. The tendons, radial nerve and metacarpal bone of the index finger were injured, and the second metacarpal head was retained. There was a comminuted fracture of the trapezium in both patients. The treatment protocols consisted of the index finger pollicization and the free anterolateral thigh flap transfer. The procedure was performed in a single operation. The new thumb is able to provide a stable post for pinch and grip after six months follow-up. Both patients were satisfied with the function and appearance of the reconstructed thumb.     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗肥胖肾结石的疗效及安全性评价

目的:评价微创经皮肾取石术治疗肥胖肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法:收集2007~2011年在我院行PCNL治疗的肾结石患者159例,并将患者分为三组:正常组(18.5≤BMI24)、超重组(24≤BMI28)和肥胖组(BMI≥28)。比较三组患者的外科治疗结果。结果:正常组、超重组及肥胖组结石清除率分别为92.3%、90.9%和89.7%,其他指标如住院时间、血红蛋白下降率、止痛药使用率、术后发热率等各组间差异无统计学意义。结论:采用PCNL治疗肥胖患者肾结石可取得同治疗正常体重患者类似的安全性和有效性。     

The effects of non-calcium-based phosphate binders versus calcium-based phosphate binders on cardiovascular calcification and bone remodeling among dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized trials

Background: Vascular calcification significantly increases the rates of cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Abnormalities in mineral metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of arterial calcification. Whether patients treated with non-calcium-based phosphate binders had reduced aortic vascular calcification compared to those treated with calcium-based phosphate binders is still unclear. Methods: We searched multiple databases for studies published through August 2013 that evaluated the effects of non-calcium-based phosphate binders (NCBP) versus calcium-based phosphate binders (CBP) on cardiovascular calcification and bone remodeling among dialysis patients. We summarized test performance characteristics with the use of forest plots, fixed and random effects models, and Egger regression test. Results: Eighteen eligible randomized controlled trials totaling 3676 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed NCBP could significantly attenuate the progression of coronary artery calcification than CBP (WMD: ?144.62, 95% CI: ?285.62 to ?3.63). The serum calcium levels significant lower in NCPB group than in CPB groups (WMD: ?0.26, 95% CI: ?0.37 to ?0.14), but the serum iPTH levels were significantly higher in NCPB groups (WMD: 57.1, 95% CI: 13.42 to 100.78). The osteoid volume and osteoblast numbers were significant higher in NCPB group than in CPB group (WMD: 1.75, 95% CI: 0.78 to 2.73 for osteoid volume; WMD: 4.49, 95% CI: 1.83 to 7.15 for osteoblast numbers). The Egger regression test also showed no potential publication bias (p?=?0.725). Conclusions: Based on available data, NCBPs have equally effective with CBPs for serum phosphate control. But there was significantly lower incidence of coronary artery calcification and a significant higher bone formatting rate in NCBP groups than in CBP groups. So we recommend NCBPs as phosphate binders for HD patients.     

间歇静水压对ATDC5软骨细胞分化早期的影响

文题释义： 间歇静水压：软骨细胞的新陈代谢及发育,除了有必要的营养成分支持外,力学刺激也是必不可少的,而力学刺激又有许多方式,如剪切力、流水动力、持续压力、间歇压力等,这些力学刺激对软骨细胞的诱导分化结果不尽相同,而最接近生理状态下的力学刺激最有利于软骨细胞的发育与分化,间歇静水压就是模仿关节运动的方式,把细胞放在培养液里间断对细胞进行力学刺激,进而促进细胞分化和发育。 软骨组织工程：软骨组织损伤后很难再生,如何修复受损伤的软骨组织是目前国际关注的焦点,利用工程学原理,重新构建新的软骨组织,是修复软骨组织最有效的方法,但构建新的软骨组织非常复杂,需要能够分化成软骨细胞的干细胞,需要分化所必需的培养液、培养支架、力学环境等因素,还需要稳定的生长发育环境,因此从种子细胞到软骨细胞,最后形成软骨组织是一个复杂的生物工程。 背景：软骨组织修复是组织工程研究的重要领域,如何利用工程学技术有效将种子细胞定向分化成软骨细胞是组织工程的重点和难点。目前,单纯应用各种定向诱导培养试剂很难使其分化为成熟稳定的软骨细胞,正是在这一背景下,作者利用ATDC5软骨细胞的特点,除了应用有效的培养液处理外,还采用间歇净水压的压力刺激方法,对其定向诱导分化进行早期研究。 目的：了解间歇静水压对ATDC5软骨细胞早期软骨方向分化成熟的影响。 方法：将ATDC5软骨细胞株在单层条件下培养,3 d细胞贴壁良好,并形成复层,而后在密封条件下进行间歇静水压(施加强度10 MPa,加压频率1 Hz,4 h/d)培养,设立无间歇静水压且其他条件相同的培养细胞为对照组。在第4,7,11,14,17天,通过显微镜观察细胞形态变化,应用Real-time PCR检测Aggrecan,COL-2,SOX-9的mRNA表达水平。 结果与结论：经间歇静水压作用后,ATDC5细胞表现出较明显的斑块样改变和细胞浓聚现象;Aggrecan、COL-2 mRNA表达水平明显升高,SOX-9 mRNA虽然与对照组变化不大,但也出现了先抑后扬的特点。结果表明,间歇静水压影响ATDC5软骨细胞向软骨方向分化的基因表达,促进软骨特征基质的分泌,利于向软骨细胞分化成熟。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0911-8294(张强) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复腔隙性踝关节感染创面的临床应用

目的 探讨应用胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣治疗腔隙性踝关节感染创面的临床疗效。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2009年7月-2015年5月唐山市第二医院手二科采用胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复腔隙性踝关节感染创面15例患者的临床资料,其中男10例、女5例,年龄26～45岁,平均35.3岁;左侧7例,右侧8例;交通伤9例,砸伤4例,挤压伤2例。5例急诊行创面清创+负压封闭引流术(VSD),其中2例踝关节粉碎性骨折患者予外固定架固定;10例患者踝关节粉碎性骨折行骨折内固定治疗,术后10～16 d皮肤软组织坏死引起缺损,行创面彻底清创+VSD治疗。15例患者皮肤、软组织缺损范围为 3 cm×5 cm～10 cm×7 cm,均于VSD治疗后择期行胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣修复皮肤、软组织腔隙性创面。术后观察皮瓣成活情况;术后3个月,通过对皮瓣愈合情况、感觉、形态、皮温、供区瘢痕情况的评分,评价皮瓣修复效果;末次随访时采用Kofoed踝关节评分标准评定踝关节功能。结果 15例皮瓣全部成活,创面均一期愈合。15例患者获随访,随访时间13～21个月,平均17.5个月。随访期间感染无复发,局部无窦道形成。术后3个月皮瓣修复效果评分为7～10分,皮瓣外观不臃肿、质地柔软,疗效均满意。末次随访时按照Kofoed踝关节评分标准评定踝关节功能,优1例,良11例,可2例,差1例。结论 胫后动脉穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣血管蒂恒定,携带筋膜可填塞空腔,皮瓣血运好、抗感染力强、易于切取,修复腔隙性踝关节感染创面,疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

妊娠期糖尿病产妇分娩的新生儿血糖管理审查指标的制订及障碍因素分析

目的 全面评估妊娠期糖尿病产妇分娩的新生儿血糖管理的临床现状,制订循证护理审查指标,分析障碍及促进因素。 方法 以乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健模式为理论框架,确定临床护理问题,进行文献检索、评价并汇总证据,制订审查指标及审查方法;根据基线审查结果进行障碍因素分析,制订对策。 结果 本研究共纳入10条最佳证据,制订14条审查指标,其中仅2条指标依从率为100%,对审查结果逐条分析后得出主要障碍因素为系统层面流程制度缺乏、护士低血糖相关培训不足、产妇及家属对新生儿低血糖认知不够等,主要促进因素为领导力强、多团队协作等。实施相应对策后,14条审查指标依从率均>90%,其中10条为100%。结论 科学、全面评估实践中的障碍与促进因素,并给予相应的对策,可以有效促进证据在临床中的应用。     

Effect of reduced EPHB4 expression in thymic epithelial cells on thymocyte development and peripheral T cell function

The Eph kinase (EPH) and ephrin (EFN) families are involved in a broad range of developmental processes. Increasing evidence is demonstrating the important roles of EPHBs and EphrinBs in the immune system. In this study on epithelial cell-specific Ephb4 knockout (KO) mice, we investigated T-cell development and function after EPHB4 deletion. KO mice presented normal thymic weight and cellularity. Their thymocyte subpopulation percentages were in the normal range. KO mice had normal T-cell numbers and percentages in the spleen, and T cells were activated and proliferated normally upon TCR ligation. Furthermore, naïve spleen CD4 cells from KO and wild type mice were capable of differentiating, in a comparable manner, into Th1, Th17 and Treg cells. In vivo, KO mice mounted effective delayed type hypersensitivity responses, indicating that thymocytes develop normally in the absence of TEC EPHB4, and T cells derived from EPHB4-deleted thymic epithelian cells (TEC) have normal function. Our data suggest that heavy redundancy and promiscuous interaction between EPHs and EFNs compensate for the missing EPHB4 in TECs, and TEC EPHB4's role in T cell development might only be revealed if multiple EPHs are ablated simultaneously. We cannot exclude the possibility that (1) some immunological parameters not examined in this study are affected by the deletion; (2) the deletion is not complete due to the leaky Cre-LoxP system, and the remaining EPHB4 in TEC is sufficient for thymocyte development; or (3) EPHB4 expression in TEC is not required for T cell development and function.     

Effect of psychological stress on the structure of the temporomandibular joint and the expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-3 in the cartilage in rats

Our aim was to observe the effects of psychological stress on the structure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and to evaluate the expression of matrix metallopeptidase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in condylar chondrocytes in rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 12 according to the duration of psychological stress: 3 weeks or 6 weeks, and 6 weeks of recovery. A fourth group of 12 rats was used as controls. Each rat was evaluated by the open-field test and the weight measured. The results confirmed psychological stress in 24 of the 36 rats (67%). The tissues of the TMJ were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and pathological changes were studied under a light microscope. MMP-3 and TIMP-3 expression was investigated using the SP kit. The experimental groups showed thinning of articular cartilage, shedding of collagen fibres, cracks in the articular discs, and other structural changes that were aggravated with time, from three weeks to six weeks. The 6-week recovery group showed an improvement in these changes, which indicated the initiation of joint repair. The MMP-3 expression rate correlated with the degree of joint lesion, while the TIMP-3 rate showed an opposite trend and was highest in the 6-week recovery group. Our findings clearly indicate that psychological stress may play an important part in the development of TMJ diseases in rats; further studies should be made to extrapolate the results to other models before clinical use.     

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia with inflammatory myopathy

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is one of mitochondrial disorders, characterized by ptosis, limitation of eye movement, variably severe bulbar muscle weakness and proximal limb weakness. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia complicated with acquired disease is extremely rare. We report a 44 years old male patient with more than 20 years of chronic progressive bilateral ptosis and limitation of eye movements manifested dysarthria, dysphagia and neck muscle weakness for 3 years. The first muscle biopsy showed red-ragged fibers and cytochrome c oxidase negative fibers as well as inflammatory cells infiltration. Electron microscopy revealed paracrystalline inclusions. Mitochondrial genetic analysis demonstrated a large-scale mtDNA deletion of m.8470_13446del4977. The patient was treated with prednisone. In a three-year follow-up study, the second biopsy was performed. Before the treatment, except bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmopelgia, this patient presented bulbar muscle weakness and neck muscle weakness. After treated with prednisone, the symptoms of dysphagia, dysarthria and neck muscle weakness were significantly improved, and the second biopsy showed only mitochondrial myopathy pathology but the inflammations disappeared. Here, we report a patient with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia complicated with inflammatory myopathy and after treated with prednisone as myositis, he had a significant therapeutic effect.     

Benign notochordal cell tumor: a retrospective study of 11 cases with 13 vertebra bodies

Purpose: To analyze the clinical data, MRI, pathological diagnosis, treatment and long-term effects of benign notochordal cell tumor (BNCT), a newly described novel spine tumor. Methods: We retrospectively studied 11 patients’ clinical data of the above. Results: The ratio of males to females was 4:7, and the average age was 49.2 years (range, 18-74 years). Cervical vertebra (5; 38.5%) and thoracic vertebra (5; 38.5%) were the most frequent site followed by the lumbar vertebra (3; 23%). Pain was the main symptom except case 2 who were diagnosed accidently because of prostate cancer. The mean delay from first clinical symptoms to diagnosis was ranged from 2 months to 20 years. MRI showed all BNCTs were osteolytic lesions with hypointense on T1-weighted sequences, hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences. There were 4 vertebral bodies with wedge fracture. There were two cases that had two noncontiguous vertebral bodies with BNCT. In histology, marrow replacement was noted by multivacuolated physaliphorous cells immunoreactive for CK, EMA and S100 protein. All 10 cases except case 2 had vertebral reconstruction and fixation with different methods. Of the 11 patients, 9 had full follow-up data which showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis without further treatment. Conclusion: Noncontiguous multi-centricity BNCTs are rare. No specific vertebrae are more frequently involved. Once BNCT is diagnosed by pathology, the surgical intervention is necessary for the patients with obvious clinical symptoms although it is benign. There is no evidence of BNCT recurrence or metastasis.