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41.
The appearance of immunoreactive alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) during development was studied in 3 areas of the rat brain--cerebral hemispheres, midbrain and hindbrain--from embryonic day (ED) 13-14 until day 21 postnatally. The alpha-MSH content in vivo was always highest in the midbrain; a peak content at birth was followed by a transient decline and a later, higher plateau from postnatal day 7 onwards. The alpha-MSH content in the cerebral hemispheres rose progressively after birth reaching a peak at day 21. Values in the hindbrain rose at day 3 and changed relatively sue taken at ED 15-16 showed a gradual increase in alpha-MSH content over the 20 days. The alpha-MSH content of hindbrain cultures remained at constant low levels, while no alpha-MSH was detectable in cerebral hemisphere cultures. ACTH appeared in vivo earlier than alpha-MSH and was detectable in embryonic brains at ED 13-14. A transient rise was seen at ED 17-18 and major peaks at birth, day 2 and day 3, in the midbrain, hemispheres and hindbrain, respectively. In vitro, the ACTH content increased in all brain regions during the first 5 days in culture and showed no further change thereafter. Comparisons of the in vivo and in vitro development of alpha-MSH and ACTH demonstrate that (i) these two peptide systems are independent in respect to their localization and time of appearance; (ii) they undergo maturation both in vivo and in vitro; (iii) epigenetic factors, such as interactions with other neurotransmitter systems may modulate the developmental pattern of these two peptides. 相似文献
42.
Behling Felix Fodi Christina Wang Sophie Hempel Johann-Martin Hoffmann Elgin Tabatabai Ghazaleh Honegger Jürgen Tatagiba Marcos Schittenhelm Jens Skardelly Marco 《Journal of neuro-oncology》2021,155(3):247-254
Journal of Neuro-Oncology - Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial neoplasms. CNS invasion in meningiomas has been integrated into the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors as a... 相似文献
43.
Ideal surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas remains a major challenge for neurosurgeons. Craniopharyngiomas grow in the
deep-seated hypothalamic area that is paramount for vegetative, emotional and endocrine function, and for maintaining worthwhile
life. The benign histological nature of craniopharyngiomas belies their biological behavior and the propensity to recur is
a major threat. Surgical treatment has to weigh the risk of hypothalamic damage against the risk of tumor recurrence or progression.
Both aggressive surgery and conservative minor surgery followed by radiotherapy has been proclaimed by the proponents of different
schools. During the past decade, the pendulum has swung back to surgery with the attempt at radical removal. Refined neurosurgical
techniques and innovative approaches yielded improved surgical results. The contemporary neurosurgical strategy of treating
craniopharyngiomas with early and late outcome data is presented. Neurosurgical therapy is only beneficial in the context
of an interdisciplinary treatment concept as discussed here. 相似文献
44.
45.
A functional genetic variation of adenosine deaminase affects the duration and intensity of deep sleep in humans 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8 下载免费PDF全文
Rétey JV Adam M Honegger E Khatami R Luhmann UF Jung HH Berger W Landolt HP 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2005,102(43):15676-15681
Slow, rhythmic oscillations (<5 Hz) in the sleep electroencephalogram may be a sign of synaptic plasticity occurring during sleep. The oscillations, referred to as slow-wave activity (SWA), reflect sleep need and sleep intensity. The amount of SWA is homeostatically regulated. It is enhanced after sleep loss and declines during sleep. Animal studies suggested that sleep need is genetically controlled, yet the physiological mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show in humans that a genetic variant of adenosine deaminase, which is associated with the reduced metabolism of adenosine to inosine, specifically enhances deep sleep and SWA during sleep. In contrast, a distinct polymorphism of the adenosine A(2A) receptor gene, which was associated with interindividual differences in anxiety symptoms after caffeine intake in healthy volunteers, affects the electroencephalogram during sleep and wakefulness in a non-state-specific manner. Our findings indicate a direct role of adenosine in human sleep homeostasis. Moreover, our data suggest that genetic variability in the adenosinergic system contributes to the interindividual variability in brain electrical activity during sleep and wakefulness. 相似文献
46.
Ebner FH Marquardt JS Hirt B Honegger J Herlan S Tatagiba M Schuhmann MU 《Neurosurgical review》2012,35(1):45-51
The aim of this study is to assess field of view, usability and applicability of a rigid, multidirectional steerable video
endoscope (EndActive) in various intracranial regions relevant to neurosurgical practice. In four cadaveric specimens, frontolateral,
pterional, transnasal (to sella and clivus), interhemispheric (transcallosal and retrocallosal) and retrosigmoid approaches
as well as precoronal burr holes for ventriculoscopy were performed. Anatomical target structures were defined in each region.
We assessed field of view as well as optical and ergonomic features of the prototype. The EndActive is a 4-mm-diameter rigid
video (endo)scope with an integral image sensor comprising an embedded light source. The viewing direction in a range of 160°
can either be controlled by the computer keyboard or a four-way joystick mounted to the handle section of the endoscope. The
endoscopic imaging system allows the operator to simultaneously see both a 160° wide-angle view of the site and an inset of
a specific region of interest. The surgeon can hold the device like a microsurgical instrument in one hand and control movements
precisely due to its reduced weight and ergonomic shape. The multiplanar variable-view rigid endoscope proved to be useful
for following anatomical structures (cranial nerves I–XII). The device is effective in narrow working spaces where movements
jeopardize the delicate surrounding structures. The multiplanar variable viewing mechanism in a compact device offers advantages
in terms of safety and ergonomics. Improving the usability will probably optimize the applicability of endoscopic techniques
in neurosurgery. 相似文献
47.
D N Marinoff M M Honegger J B Girard 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1999,181(3):759-760
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy is a serious complication of pregnancy. Therapy includes treating the underlying cause, maintenance of blood volume, replacement of depleted clotting factors, and often delivery of the fetus and placenta. We present a case of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy occurring at 19 weeks' gestation that resolved spontaneously with conservative management. 相似文献
48.
C. Ruedeberg U. N. Wiesmann A. Brattstroem U. E. Honegger 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2010,24(2):249-251
Classic synthetic antidepressant drugs, as well as St John's wort extract (SJW), directly inhibit the re‐uptake of norepinephrine (NE) and/or serotonin (5‐HT) into pre‐synaptic axons. With chronic treatment they induce adaptive changes in a number of neurotransmitter receptors in synaptic membranes. The immediate effects of SJW Ze 117, an extract low in hyperforin content, on the specific dopamine (DA) uptake were studied in rat striatal brain slices and compared with the effects on NE and 5‐HT uptake in rat cortical brain slices. Specific DA uptake was inhibited in a dose dependent manner. In contrast to the findings in synaptosomal preparations published so far, the extract showed different inhibitory potencies for the respective transporters. The potencies for the uptake inhibition of NA, DA and 5‐HT were 30, 7 and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the SJW Ze 117 extract interferes in three ways with the individual uptakes of the relevant neurotransmitters that are considered to be causal in the development of depression. This observation, the concomitant and potent inhibition of DA re‐uptake by SJW extract, may additionally provide a rationale for the treatment of nicotine or drug addiction with SJW. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
49.
Ole Steen Jrgensen paul Honegger 《International journal of developmental neuroscience》1986,4(6):519-524
The concentrations of the general neuronal markers D2-protein (N-CAM), D3-protein and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in reaggregating cultures of fetal rat telencephalon cells were affected by the presence of 30 nM triiodothyronine in the defined culture medium. The extent of normal developmental changes were enhanced by triiodothyronine, as demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. From 13 to 19 days in culture, the concentration of D2-protein decreased, and the concentrations of both D3-protein and NSE increased. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was without effect on the development of these general neuronal markers. However, as shown previously both triiodothyronine and NGF increased the activity of choline acetyltransferase, a marker for cholinergic neurons. The results suggest an enhanced overall differentiation of several types of telencephalon neurons in the presence of triiodothyronine, and a specific stimulation of cholinergic telencephalon neurons by NGF. 相似文献
50.
Oliver Sorg Benoit Schilter Paul Honegger F. Monnet-Tschudi 《Acta neuropathologica》1998,96(6):621-627
Using reaggregating rat brain cell cultures at two different stages of differentiation, we examined the biochemical effects
of a 10-day treatment with nanomolar concentrations of methylmercuric chloride (monomethylmercury), in the presence or absence
of promoters of hydroxyl radical formation (10 μM copper sulphate plus 100 μM ascorbate). A decrease in total protein content
accounted for the general cytotoxicity of these compounds, whereas selective effects were assessed by determining the activities
of cell type-specific enzymes. Methylmercury, up to 100 nM, as well as the copper ascorbate mixture, when applied separately,
induced no general cytotoxicity, and only slight effects on neuronal parameters. However, when applying 100 nM methylmercury
and the copper-ascorbate mixture together, a drastic decrease in neuronal and glial parameters was found. Under these conditions,
the content of reactive oxygen species, assessed by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin oxidation, increased greatly, while the activities
of antioxidant enzymes decreased. In the presence of copper and ascorbate, differentiated cultures appeared more resistant
than immature ones to low methylmercury concentrations (1–10 mM), but did undergo similar changes in both cell type-specific
and antioxidant enzyme activities at 100 nM methylmercury. These results suggest that in prooxidant conditions low doses of
mercury can become much more deleterious for the central nervous system.
Received: 20 March 1998 / Revised, accepted: 29 May 1998 相似文献