粉防己碱、颅通定对兔窦房结动作电位及豚鼠心室肌单细胞钙电流的协同作用

采用标准微电极技术和膜片钳记录技术,分别研究了粉防己碱(Tet)和颅通定(rotundine)对家兔窦房结动作电位及豚鼠心室肌单细胞钙电流的影响。结果表明:Tet1～200μmol·L^-1,rotundine3～300μmol·L^-1能浓度依赖性地降低兔窦房结动作电位的APA,Vmax和SP₄,延长SCL。Tet0.3μmol·L^-1与rotundine1μmol·L^-1合用亦有作用。在膜片钳实验中Tet0.1μmol·L^-1和rotundine1μmol·L-1合用能有效抑制豚鼠心室肌单细胞钙电流,抑制率为19.2%。提示,两种植物源性抗钙剂有良好的协同效果。     

4种氟喹诺酮液体制剂降解析因试验

模拟4种喹诺酮输液剂及滴眼剂在不同pH和离子强度的条件下,考察了光、pH以及离子强度分别对诺氟沙星(NFX)、氧氟沙星(OFX)、环丙沙星(CPX)、洛美沙星(LEMX)降解程度的影响,应用2³析因试验方法,经F检验确证:NFX,OFX,CPX,LEMX离子强度影响均不显著,光影响均极显著;pH对NFX和LEMX影响不显著,对OFX和CPX影响极显著;OFX和CPX由光及pH二因素交互作用影响极显著,NFX和LEMX由光及pH二因素交互作用影响不显著。     

MACULAR HAEMORRHAGE IN ADULT ACUTE LEUKAEMIA PATIENTS AT PRESENTATION AND THE RISK OF SUBSEQUENT INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE

Glycoprotein (GP)-specific platelet-associated IgG (PA-IgG) may be demonstrable in autoimmune-mediated thrombocytopenia. We studied 159 consecutive patients with histories of thrombocytopenia by a modified direct monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (direct MAIPA) assay, which immobilizes GP IIb/IIIa, GP Ib/IX and GP Ia/IIa simultaneously. This modification requires smaller quantities of platelets than standard measurements performed separately. PA-IgG was present in 84/159 (53%) patients, as shown by the direct platelet immunofluorescence test (PIFT) with flow cytometry as a reference. PA-IgG against GP IIb/IIIa and/or GP Ib/IX and/or GP Ia/IIa was noted in 46 patients (29%), of whom 93% (43/46) were also PA-IgG positive. The amount of PA-IgG detected by PIFT correlated directly with that detected by direct MAIPA ( r =0.71; P <0.0001). Only three patients 12548 with negative direct PIFT had GP-specific PA-IgG. GPV-specific PA-IgG was detected in 13 (10%) of the 125 patients, in whom further studies could be performed. In the subgroup of patients with GP-specific PA-IgG, the median fluorescence intensities of direct PIFT were higher than in patients with no GP-specific PA-IgG ( P <0.001). Direct PIFT and direct MAIPA divided the patients into asymmetric subgroups. However, the relative roles of these tests in the diagnosis of autoimmune-mediated thrombocytopenia await further studies.     

Arthrographic imaging of post-traumatic temporomandibular joint disorders.

Clinical, arthrographic and surgical findings in 20 patients who showed persisting TMJ-pain or dysfunction after an acute traumatic event were reviewed and compared to findings in a control group of 65 patients who did not remember an acute post-traumatic onset of symptoms. Anterior disk displacement (82%), disk perforation (65%) and rotational anteromedial disk displacement (34%) were the most common abnormalities encountered. Other important abnormalities were joint adhesions and capsule perforation. When compared with the control group, all these abnormalities occurred more often in traumatised joints. Arthrography was found to be highly accurate in detecting most types of abnormalities found during surgery. Arthrography is reported to be more effective than MRI in detecting disk perforations, adhesions and capsule perforations, which points to its continuing importance as an imaging tool for evaluating post-traumatic temporomandibular joint disorders.     

Incidence of arm swelling following axillary clearance for breast cancer.

Arm swelling was measured using volume determination in 118 patients following mastectomy (n = 60) or wide excision (n = 58), both with axillary clearance. The mean age was 60.5 years and the median follow-up was 22.5 months. Axillary clearance removed level III nodes. Axillary irradiation was given to only three patients with extensive (more than 75 per cent) nodal involvement. The incidence of early postoperative complications was 18.6 per cent. The incidence of lymphoedema was 7.6 per cent (nine patients). Three of these patients had early lymphoedema within 6 months of treatment. Arm circumference differences correlated poorly with volume differences. The incidence of lymphoedema following axillary clearance is low and comparable to that for sampling or no axillary surgery.     

Cardiovascular malformations in Malaysian neonates with Down's syndrome

A prospective study was done to determine the incidence of cardiovascular malformations in neonates with Down's syndrome. 17/34 (50%) of the babies with Down's syndrome born at the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia had congenital heart defects. These included 7 cases of ventricular septal defect (VSD), 3 cases of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 2 cases of atrio-ventricular canal defect, 2 cases of ventricular septal defect with patent ductus arteriosus, 1 case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 1 case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and 1 case of complex cyanotic heart. Only 8/17 (47%) of these babies had any clinical signs suggesting underlying cardiac defects. In view of the common occurrence of cardiac anomalies, it is recommended that echocardiographic screening should be carried out on all neonates with Down's syndrome.     

Antegrade double J ureteral stenting for ureteric strictures: use of silicone stents

In 16 patients with ureteric strictures, silicone double J ureteral stents were inserted antegradely following percutaneous nephrostomy. In 9 patients prior attempt at retrograde placement of a stent had failed. Balloon dilatation of the stricture using angiographic catheters was also performed in 5 patients. The ureteric strictures were most commonly caused by malignant infiltration, post operative fibrosis, infection and ureteric calculi. Most previous reports have described the use of polyethylene and polyurethrane stents. Technical problems with the use of silicone stents are discussed. Although silicone stents are better tolerated by patients and associated with low complication rates, in 5 of 18 stents inserted (28%) the procedure failed. Suboptimal positioning of the stent due to poor radio-opacity and premature occlusion were the causes. With the availability of co-polymer stents, it is likely that these will replace silicone stents as the stent material of choice for antegrade insertion.     

Mechanism of erectogenic effect of the selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,DA-8159

DA-8159, a new Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor, has exhibited potent erectogenic potential in a penile erection test in rats and anesthetized dogs. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of its erectogenic activity by measuring the activity of DA-8159 against a various PDE isozymes and assessing cGMP and cAMP formation in a rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro. DA-8159 inhibited the PDE 5 activity in rabbit and human platelets, which the IC50 was 5.84 +/- 1.70 nM and 8.25 +/- 2.90 nM, respectively. The IC50 of DA-8159 on PDE 1, PDE 2, PDE 3 and PDE 6 were 870+/- 57.4 nM, 101 +/- 15 microM, 52.0 +/- 3.53 microM and 53.3 +/- 2.47 nM, respectively. This suggests that DA-8159 is a potent, highly selective, competitive inhibitor of PDE 5-catalyzed cGMP hydrolysis. The rates of cGMP hydrolysis catalyzed by human platelets-derived PDE 5 as a function of the cGMP concentration (5-100 nM) and two-fixed DA-8159 concentration (11.3 and 18.8 nM) were investigated in order to characterize the mode of PDE 5 inhibition by DA-8159. DA-8159 increased the apparent Km value for cGMP hydrolysis but had no effect on the apparent Vmax, indicating a competitive mode of inhibition. DA-8159 increased the cGMP concentrations in the rabbit corpus cavernosum dose dependently. In the presence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), DA-8159 significantly stimulated the accumulation of cGMP when compared to the control level. This indicated that the enhancement of a penile erection by DA-8159 involved the relaxation of the cavernosal smooth muscle by NO-stimulated cGMP accumulation. In conclusion, DA-8159 is a selective inhibitor of PDE 5-catalyzed cGMP hydrolysis and the enhancement of a penile erection by DA-8159 is mediated by the relaxation of the cavernosal smooth muscle by the NO-stimulated cGMP accumulation.     

The degree of tumor volume reduction during the early phase of induction chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor in patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma

BACKGROUND:

In patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma, the reduction in primary tumor volume was measured during the early phase of induction chemotherapy as an indicator of early tumor response, and the authors investigated whether the degree of tumor volume reduction could predict outcome in these patients.

METHODS:

Primary tumor volumes were measured both at diagnosis and at the first tumor response evaluation (after 2 or 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy) in 90 patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma who had volumetrically evaluable computed tomography or magnetic resonance scans. If the tumor volume at the first response evaluation was >40% of the initial tumor volume, then the patient was categorized as a poor responder; otherwise, the patient was categorized as a good responder. Outcomes were compared according to the degree of tumor volume reduction at the first response evaluation.

RESULTS:

The tumor volume reduction was greater in patients who remained relapse free than in patients who had a relapsed tumor (median percentage tumor volume, 21% vs 41.5%; P = .037). The 5‐year relapse‐free survival rate was higher in the good responders than in the poor responders (83% [95% confidence interval, 72%‐94%] vs 51% [95% confidence interval, 31%‐71%]; P = .002). In a multivariate analysis of relapse‐free survival, a poor early response was identified as an independent, unfavorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 4.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.59‐11.29; P = .004).

CONCLUSIONS:

A greater reduction in tumor volume reduction the early phase of induction chemotherapy was associated with a better outcome in patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Tailoring treatment intensity according to the early tumor response to induction chemotherapy may improve patient outcomes. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.