全文获取类型
收费全文 | 394篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 6篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 44篇 |
口腔科学 | 5篇 |
临床医学 | 16篇 |
内科学 | 89篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 42篇 |
特种医学 | 96篇 |
外科学 | 30篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 12篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 45篇 |
肿瘤学 | 8篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 8篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1945年 | 2篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有404条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Prognostic implications of cytogenetic studies in an intensively treated group of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fletcher JA; Kimball VM; Lynch E; Donnelly M; Pavelka K; Gelber RD; Tantravahi R; Sallan SE 《Blood》1989,74(6):2130-2135
We assessed the prognostic significance of leukemia cell cytogenetics by analyzing bone marrow aspirates obtained at time of diagnosis in 165 children on a single protocol for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These children were assigned to six mutually exclusive cytogenetic categories as follows: (1) hyperdiploid, with 50 or more chromosomes (n = 35); (2) hyperdiploid, with 47 to 49 chromosomes (n = 11); (3) diploid (n = 42); (4) pseudodiploid (n = 34); (5) hypodiploid (n = 9); and (6) insufficient data (n = 34). At a median follow-up of 5 years, there were no statistically significant differences between any of these cytogenetic categories in either event-free or overall survival. Those children with chromosomal translocations (n = 26) appeared to fare the same as those lacking translocations (n = 105). The absence of karyotypic prognostic significance was observed not only within the overall group, but also when the results were stratified by standard- risk and high-risk status. Of the specific structural chromosome changes that we studied, only the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) appeared to confer a poor prognosis, although there were too few such cases to achieve statistical significance. Although we did not detect the event- free survival differences that have been described previously in hyperdiploid, hypodiploid, and pseudodiploid childhood ALL, our findings must be viewed as preliminary given the small number of children in some of the cytogenetic categories. We think that the prognostic implications of these cytogenetic features might have been nullified by improvements in therapy. 相似文献
102.
CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte subsets, the late T cell activation marker,
HLA-DR, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels of 57 polymyalgia rheumatica
(PMR) patients were followed over 2 yr to investigate whether they could be
used to predict the safe withdrawal of steroid therapy. Cell phenotypes
were studied by flow cytometry and IL-6 levels by ELISA. %CD8 cells were
reduced below the normal range in PMR patients prior to steroid therapy. In
56% of patients, the %CD8 T lymphocytes failed to return to normal levels
when quiescent disease allowed cessation of steroid therapy. Activated CD8
T cells, as detected by HLA-DR positivity, were above the normal range at
the initiation of therapy and showed a negative correlation with %CD8 T
cells. The serum concentration of IL-6 fluctuated over 24 months, and the
correlation between IL-6 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) seen
prior to treatment was not seen at later intervals. The %CD8 T cell and
serum IL-6 levels are not a good indicator of disease activity in PMR and
are, therefore, unable to predict the safe withdrawal of steroids.
相似文献
103.
104.
GABA-A2 receptor subunit gene (GABRA2) polymorphisms and risk for alcohol dependence 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Soyka M Preuss UW Hesselbrock V Zill P Koller G Bondy B 《Journal of psychiatric research》2008,42(3):184-191
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptors are believed to mediate some of the physiological and behavioral actions of ethanol. Recent studies have suggested that genetic variants of the GABA-A receptor alpha2 subunit gene (GABRA2) are associated with alcohol dependence. The aim of this study is to confirm and extend the role of GABRA2 haplotypes in the liability to alcohol dependence. 291 (231 male) treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent individuals and 295 (153 male) control subjects were enrolled into the study. Characteristics of alcohol dependence were obtained using the SSAGA (semi-structured assessment of the genetics of alcoholism, German Version). Genotyping of 10 SNPs across the GABRA2 gene was performed following previous reports and using PCR. One genetic variant was detected to significantly differ between alcohol-dependent subjects and controls. Two common 8 SNP haplotypes and their complementary alleles were identified containing this SNP and were present in 89.9% of controls and 93.4% of the alcohol-dependent individuals. One of the haplotypes (T-C-A-C-A-T-T-C) was significantly associated with alcohol dependence and characteristics of alcohol withdrawal and severity of alcohol dependence (delirium tremens, withdrawal seizures). These findings support and extend the three previous studies implicating a GABA-A receptor subunit as contributing to the genetic risk for alcohol dependence. Possible implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
105.
106.
Sally I-Chun Kuo Nathaniel S. Thomas Fazil Aliev Kathleen K. Bucholz Danielle M. Dick Vivia V. McCutcheon Jacquelyn L. Meyers Grace Chan Chella Kamarajan John R. Kramer Victor Hesselbrock Martin H. Plawecki Bernice Porjesz Jay Tischfield Jessica E. Salvatore 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2023,47(4):724-735
107.
Michael Soyka Henry R. Kranzler Victor Hesselbrock Siegfried Kasper Jochen Mutschler Hans-Jürgen Möller 《The world journal of biological psychiatry》2017,18(2):86-119
These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of alcohol use disorders are an update of the first edition, published in 2008, which was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). For this 2016 revision, we performed a systematic review (MEDLINE/PUBMED database, Cochrane Library) of all available publications pertaining to the biological treatment of alcoholism and extracted data from national guidelines. The Task Force evaluated the identified literature with respect to the strength of evidence for the efficacy of each medication and subsequently categorised it into six levels of evidence (A–F) and five levels of recommendation (1–5). Thus, the current guidelines provide a clinically and scientifically relevant, evidence-based update of our earlier recommendations. These guidelines are intended for use by clinicians and practitioners who evaluate and treat people with alcohol use disorders and are primarily concerned with the biological treatment of adults with such disorders. 相似文献
108.
109.
Schuckit MA Smith TL Danko GP Anderson KG Brown SA Kuperman S Kramer J Hesselbrock V Bucholz K 《Journal of studies on alcohol》2005,66(2):174-184
OBJECTIVE: A low level of response (LR) to alcohol relates to a family history of alcoholism and predicts future heavier drinking and alcohol-related problems. The current analyses evaluate how LR functions within the context of a Social Information Processing Model, using 238 subjects aged 13 to 19 years from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). METHOD: A structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relationship among (1) a family history (FH) of alcoholism, (2) the LR to alcohol, (3) expectations as measured by the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire and (4) the recent pattern of drinking among parents in the home as predictors of the maximum recent quantity of drinking, the maximum number of drinks ever consumed in 24 hours and the number of alcohol problems in the teenage subjects. RESULTS: When tested in the SEM, LR functioned as a mediator of the relationship between an FH of alcoholism and alcoholic outcome, and expectancy functioned as a partial mediator of the relationship between LR and outcome. Invariance testing revealed that the SEM performed similarly in light and heavy drinkers, the two sexes, and older versus young subjects. Both the measurement model and SEM had good characteristics of fit, and direct paths within the model explained 49% of the variance of outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with results from the San Diego Prospective Study, when tested in the more heterogeneous COGA population, LR functioned as a mediator of the relationship between the FH and alcoholic outcome. In these adolescents, LR not only had a direct relationship to alcoholic outcome but, in contrast to prior results in adults, also appeared to operate through expectations of the effects of alcohol in predicting heavier drinking and a higher rate of alcohol-related problems among teenagers. 相似文献
110.
Spondylolysis studied with computed tomography 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10