MEBO治疗化疗药物渗漏致皮肤损害及静脉炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨临床化疗药物渗漏所致患者皮肤损害及静脉炎的有效治疗方法。方法：应用ＭＥＢＯ治疗１８例化疗药渗漏致皮肤粘组织损害及化学性静脉炎患者,并同应用传统的普鲁卡因局部封闭硫酸镁湿敷治疗１８例患者进行了疗效对照观察。结果：ＭＥＢＯ组临床治疗３周总有效率为１００％,治愈率为７２．２％,对照组临床治疗总有效率为７２．２％治愈率为３３．４％。结论：ＭＥＢＯ在治疗化疗药物渗漏所致皮肤损害及静脉炎的临床止痛、创而修复、治愈时间等方面优于对照治疗组。     

磁共振成像在胰胆管疾病中的应用

目的：介绍用磁共振检查胰胆管疾病的四种扫描序列,并评价它们的作用和局限性。材料和方法：对５２例疑有胰胆管疾病的患者行两种Ｔ２加权和两种ＭＲＣＰ序列检查;横断位ＨＡＳＴＥ序列、冠状位ＴｒｕｅＦＩＳＰ序列、ＴｒｕｅＳＥ ＭＲＣＰ序列和ＨＡＳＴＥ ＭＲＣＰ序列。４２例经ＥＲＣＰ或手术病理证实,其检查结果与ＥＲＣＰ或手术对照。结果：所有图像的质量均达到了能够诊断的要求。四种扫描序列均显示了所有扩张的胰胆管,胆管结石定性的准确性分别为８７．５％、９１．７％、８７．５％和９５．８％,对肿瘤的定性准确性分别为８２．４％、７６．５％、６４．７％和７０．６％,结合所有序列对结石定性的准确性为１００％,对肿瘤的定性准确性为８８．２％。结论：上述四种扫描序列对显示胆胰管疾病各有其优点,结合应用可提高胰胆管疾病检出率和作出更准确的定性     

HLA-B＊ 2705分子结构对其在原核细胞可溶性表达影响的研究

目的研究人类白细胞抗原（human leukocyte antigen,HLA）-B＊ 2705分子结构对其在原核细胞可溶性表达的影响。方法采用RT-PCR法将HLA-B＊ 2705基因的全长、胞外区和α1、α2功能区分别进行克隆并连接到pET-32a（＋）表达载体。经IPTG诱导表达,并经超声破碎、层析和透析纯化蛋白,再经体外微量细胞淋巴毒反应检测蛋白质活性。结果成功构建3种pET-32a（＋）表达载体,经IPTG诱导后,HLA-B＊ 2705基因全长和胞外区主要以包涵体的形式表达,可溶性蛋白的量较低;而α1和α2功能区则以高效可溶性形式表达,通过体外微量细胞淋巴毒实验证实,HLA-B＊ 2705的α1和α2功能区可溶性蛋白可与HLA-B27抗体特异性结合,并成功阻断补体介导的细胞毒作用。结论α1和α2功能区能够在原核细胞中高效表达可溶性蛋白,并具有蛋白功能,而HLA-B＊ 2705基因全长和胞外区主要以包涵体的形式表达,表明蛋白质的大小和空间结构对于其可溶性表达具有重要影响。     

海水浸泡对模拟海训皮肤擦伤大鼠炎症因子的影响

目的观察大鼠模拟海训皮肤擦伤经海水浸泡后炎症因子的变化,探讨医用贴膜对皮肤擦伤的保护作用。方法 40只雄性SD大鼠,分为擦伤未浸泡组(A组),擦伤蒸馏水浸泡组(B组),擦伤海水浸泡组(C组),擦伤贴膜保护海水浸泡组(D组)及无擦伤不浸泡对照组(E组),每组8只。除E组外其余各组均以消毒工业砂纸在大鼠右后肢皮肤进行擦伤处理。A组未予以浸泡处置,B组浸泡于蒸馏水0.5 h,C组浸泡于海水0.5 h,D组擦伤后用医用贴膜敷贴保护创面,海水浸泡0.5 h。A、B、C、D四组分别于擦伤后0.5、6、12、72 h取尾静脉血,E组在0.5 h时取血,用酶联免疫测定(ELISA)方法测定血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量,比较各组之间的差异,取病变皮肤行病理组织学检查。结果 A、B、C、D四组三种炎症因子水平在0.5、6、12 h时相点均明显高于E组(P<0.01),A、B、C、D四组在72 h时相点无统计学差异(P>0.05);与C组比较,B组的三种因子在12 h时相点均显著降低(P<0.01),D组的IL-1β、TNF-α在12 h时相点也显著降低(P<0.05)。除12 h时相点的IL-6外,B、D两组其他时相点的三种因子水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论大鼠皮肤擦伤经海水浸泡后炎症因子水平显著升高,局部炎症加重;医用贴膜敷贴擦伤创面后,炎症因子水平相对降低,局部炎症减轻,医用贴膜有一定的保护作用。     

Complications of pneumoconiosis: Radiologic overview

A wide spectrum of pulmonary complications occurs in patients with pneumoconiosis. Those complications include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hemoptysis, pneumothorax, pleural disease, tuberculosis, autoimmune disease, anthracofibrosis, chronic interstitial pneumonia, and malignancy. Generally, imaging workup starts with plain chest radiography. However, sometimes, plain radiography has limited role in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications of pneumoconiosis because of overlapping pneumoconiotic infiltration. Computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are potentially helpful for the detection of pulmonary complications in patients with pneumoconiosis. CT, with its excellent contrast resolution, is more sensitive and specific method than plain radiograph in the evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities. CT is useful in detecting lung parenchymal abnormalities caused by infection, anthracofibrosis, and chronic interstitial pneumonia. Also, CT is valuable in distinguishing localized pneumothorax from bullae and aiding the identification of multiloculated effusions. US can be used in detection of complicated pleural effusions and guidance of the thoracentesis procedure. MRI is useful for differentiating between progressive massive fibrosis and lung cancer.     

A novel distinguishing system for the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic cystic neoplasm

Purpose

To explore a simple and reliable non-invasive distinguishing system for the pre-operative evaluation of malignancy in pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN).

Methods

This study first enrolled an observation cohort of 102 consecutive PCN patients. Demographic information, results of laboratory examinations, and computed tomography (CT) presentations were recorded and analyzed to achieve a distinguishing model/system for malignancy. A group of 21 patients was then included to validate the model/system prospectively.

Results

Based on the 11 malignancy-related features identified by univariate analysis, a distinguishing model for malignancy in PCN was established by multivariate analysis: PCN malignant score = 2.967 × elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (≥6.16 mmol/L) ± 4.496 × asymmetrically thickened wall (or mural nodules ≥ 4 mm) ± 1.679 × septum thickening (≥2 mm) − 5.134. With the optimal cut-off value selected as −2.8 in reference to the Youden index, the proposed system for malignant PCN was established: septum thickening (>2 mm), asymmetrically thickened wall (or mural nodules > 4 mm), or elevated FBG (>6.16 mmol/L, accompanying commonly known malignant signs), the presence of at least one of these 3 features indicated malignancy in PCN. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of this system were 81.4%, 95.8% and 76.9%, respectively. MRI was performed on 32 patients, making correct prediction of malignancy explicitly in only 68.8% (22/32). The subsequent prospective validation study showed that the proposed distinguishing system had a predictive accuracy of 85.7% (18/21). Moreover, a higher model score, or aggregation of the features in the proposed system, indicated a higher grade of malignancy (carcinoma) in PCN.

Conclusion

Elevated FBG (>6.16 mmol/L), asymmetrically thickened wall (or mural nodules > 4 mm) and septum thickening (>2 mm) are of great value in differentiating the malignancy in PCN. The developed distinguishing system is reliable in the diagnosis of malignant PCN.     

Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis: Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Elastography and Shear Wave Elastography in the Same Individuals

Objective

To cross-validate liver stiffness (LS) measured on shear wave elastography (SWE) and on magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the same individuals.

Materials and Methods

We included 94 liver transplantation (LT) recipients and 114 liver donors who underwent either MRE or SWE before surgery or biopsy. We determined the technical success rates and the incidence of unreliable LS measurements (LSM) of SWE and MRE. Among the 69 patients who underwent both MRE and SWE, the median and coefficient of variation (CV) of the LSM from each examination were compared and correlated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve in both examinations were calculated in order to exclude the presence of hepatic fibrosis (HF).

Results

The technical success rates of MRE and SWE were 96.4% and 92.2%, respectively (p = 0.17), and all of the technical failures occurred in LT recipients. SWE showed 13.1% unreliable LSM, whereas MRE showed no such case (p < 0.05). There was moderate correlation in the LSM in both examinations (r = 0.67). SWE showed a significantly larger median LSM and CV than MRE. Both examinations showed similar diagnostic performance for excluding HF (Az; 0.989, 1.000, respectively).

Conclusion

MRE and SWE show moderate correlation in their LSMs, although SWE shows higher incidence of unreliable LSMs in cirrhotic liver.     

对人脑执行功能激活区域间关系的因果分析研究

目的 探讨任务状态下注意网络中执行功能的脑激活状态,以及激活区域间的因果关系.方法 利用GE公司Signa1.5T磁共振成像系统,采用注意网络实验范式,对15例（男性8例,女7例）健康受试者在任务态下进行功能磁共振扫描,根据激活位置选取感兴趣区,利用系数Granger因果分析方法计算每两个感兴趣区之间的Granger因果关系,生成Granger因果数据,利用SPSS 18.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析.结果 被试的行为学数据符合实验需要,激活区域为前扣带回、背外侧前额叶皮质、右顶上小叶、右顶下小叶.Granger因果分析结果显示前扣带回与背外侧前额叶皮质构成因果关系,背外侧前额叶皮质、右顶上小叶、右顶下小叶构成因果关系并形成单向回路.结论 在注意网络实验范式下,执行功能是由前扣带回、背外侧前额叶皮质、右顶上小叶、右顶下小叶共同参与完成的,其中前扣带回主要功能为发现冲突,而背外侧前额叶及其所形成的单向环路主要功能为解决冲突.     

Role of CT perfusion imaging in evaluating the effects of multiple burr hole surgery on adult ischemic Moyamoya disease

Introduction

To evaluate the effects of the multiple burr hole (MBH) revascularization on ischemic type adult Moyamoya disease (MMD) by computed tomography perfusion (CTP).

Methods

Eighty-six ischemic MMD patients received CTP 1 week before and 3 weeks after MBH operation. Fifty-seven patients received it again at 6 month and underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and mRS follow-up. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP), and relative values of ischemic symptomatic hemispheres were measured. Differences in pre- and post-surgery perfusion CT values were assessed.

Results

There were significant differences of CBF, TTP, and relative time to peak (rTTP) in ischemic hemisphere between 1 week before and 3 weeks after surgery, and no significant difference in relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), CBV, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), MTT, relative mean transit time (rMTT). According to whether there was symptom improvement or not on 3 weeks after MBH, the rTTP value was not statistically significant in the patients whose symptoms were not improved at all on 3 weeks after operation. Six-month follow-up showed that CBF, rCBF, and rCBV values were significantly higher than those before operation. Postoperative MTT, TTP, rMTT, and rTTP values were significantly lower than those before operation.

Conclusion

CTP is a sensitive method to obtain functional imaging of cerebral microcirculation, which can be a noninvasive assessment of the abnormalities of intracranial arteries and cerebral perfusion changes in MMD before and after surgery. CBF and TTP map, especially the relative values of TTP, seems to have the capability of being quite sensitive to the presence of altered brain perfusion at early time after indirect revascularization.     

Randomized, controlled trial of multimodal shoulder injection or intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of postoperative pain control and adverse effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) and multimodal shoulder injection after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods

Seventy patients scheduled for elective arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were prospectively randomized to receive either IV PCA or multimodal shoulder injections. Postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and other adverse effects were assessed at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Use of rescue analgesics and antiemetics, level of satisfaction, and cost for both modalities were recorded.

Results

Pain was better controlled in the multimodal shoulder injection group at 2 h postoperatively (P = 0.001). However, the use of additional analgesics was greater in the multimodal shoulder injection group during 12–48 h after surgery (P < 0.001). The incidence of nausea within 12–24 h after surgery in the multimodal shoulder injection group (5.7 %) was less significant compared with that in the IV PCA group (31.4 %, P = 0.012), but no difference in overall incidence of the use of rescue antiemetics was observed between the groups (n.s.). No differences in adverse effects were noted between the groups. Patient satisfaction also showed no differences (n.s.). Costs required for both modalities were $20.3 for the multimodal shoulder injection and $157.8 for the IV PCA.

Conclusions

Multimodal shoulder injection is a safe and effective modality for management of pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Considering the expense and need of special devices for IV PCA, multimodal shoulder injection may be an effective and safe alternative to IV PCA for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Level of evidence

Randomized, controlled trial, Level I.