Delayed presentation of arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysms in a renal transplant patient 10 years after percutaneous allograft biopsy

A 51-year-old man was admitted with microscopic hematuria at 10 years after living donor renal transplantation. In order to distinguish between acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection, a graft biopsy was performed under ultrasound guidance at 1 month posttransplantation. Doppler sonography revealed 3 pulsatile cystic masses and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the lower kidney pole. Selective transplant renal angiography revealed 3 pseudoaneurysms with an AVF supplied by a lobular artery in the lower pole. The diagnosis was AVF with pseudoaneurysm, which developed secondary to percutaneous renal allograft biopsy. Interventional treatment was performed because of the high risk for pseudoaneurysm rupture. The AVF and pseudoaneurysms were treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal embolization; renal function remained stable after embolization.     

Treatment Guidelines for Branch Duct Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: When Can We Operate or Observe?

Background The objectives of this study were to investigate the clinicopathological features of branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and to determine safe criteria for its observation. Most clinicians agree that surgical resection is required to treat main duct-type IPMN because of its high malignancy rate. However, no definite treatment guideline (with respect to surgery or observation) has been issued on the management of branch duct type IPMN. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data of 138 patients who underwent operations for IPMN between 1993 and 2006 at five institutes in Korea. Results Of 138 patients (mean age, 60.6 years; 87 men, 51 women), 76 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 39 distal pancreatectomy, 4 total pancreatectomy, and 20 limited pancreatic resection. There were 112 benign cases: 47 adenoma, 63 borderline cases, and 26 malignant cases, with 9 of these being noninvasive and 17 invasive. By univariate analysis, tumor size and the presence of a mural nodule were identified as meaningful predictors of malignancy. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a tumor size of >2 cm was found to be the most valuable predictor of malignancy. When cases were classified according to tumor size and the presence of a mural nodule, the malignancy rate for a tumor ≤2 cm without a mural nodule was 9.2%, for a tumor of ≤2 cm plus a mural nodule was 25%, and for other conditions such as tumor >2 cm, >25%. Conclusions Many branch duct IPMNs are malignant. Surgical treatment is recommended, except in cases that are strongly suspected to be benign or cases that present a high operative risk. Observation is only recommended in patients with a tumor size of ≤2 cm without a mural nodule.     

Changes of different section area at different parts of upper-airway after Le Fort III osteotomy

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of Le Fort III osteotomy and midface distraction osteogenesis (DO) on the upper-airway narrow. METHODS: Since 2000, 11 cases (10 cases of Crouzon syndrome and 1 case of Apert syndrome) with severe midface deficiency were treated with Le Fort III osteotomy and midface DO. The section area of different parts of upper-airway were tested by computer assistanted image measurement preoperatively and postoperatively. Some patients received sleep function monitoring. RESULTS: The face appearance and the function of upper-airway improved significantly after Le Fort III osteotomy and Midface DO. The section area at the level of posterior nasal spine and uvula increased obviously after treatment (P < 0.05), however the section area at the level of epiglottis and separation between airway and esophagus were not obviously enlarged (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Midface DO after Le Fort III osteotomy can effectively improve the upper-airway narrow, especially the upper part from uvula.     

Feasibility of Single-Stage Laparoscopic Resection After Placement of a Self-Expandable Metallic Stent for Obstructive Left Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND: The present study investigated the feasibility of a single-stage operation consisting of self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement followed by laparoscopic surgery for obstructive left colorectal cancer. METHODS: From July 2002 to March 2007, 17 consecutive patients with primary obstructive left colorectal cancer underwent SEMS placement followed by laparoscopic surgery. Data were collected retrospectively regarding clinicopathological findings, SEMS placement, operative procedures, and perioperative outcomes. Technical success was defined as successful stent deployment across the obstructive lesion, and clinical success as the possibility of performing a single-stage operation without creating a stoma. RESULTS: In the laparoscopic group, the technical success rate was 100% (17/17) and there was no morbidity associated with SEMS placement. The median interval to laparoscopic surgery was 7 (range, 2-11) days, and the procedures included 11 anterior resections, 3 left hemicolectomies, 2 Hartmann's procedures, and 1 subtotal colectomy. All procedures were completed laparoscopically without conversion to open surgery. The median operating time was 178 (range, 93-377) minutes, and the median estimated blood loss was 100 (range, 50-400) ml with no cases requiring intraoperative transfusions. The clinical success rate was 82.4% (14/17), and there was no surgical morbidity other than two patients in whom chyloperitoneum and ileus were controlled by using conservative management. The median postoperative hospital stay was 9 (range, 7-49) days. CONCLUSIONS: A single-stage operation consisting of SEMS placement followed by laparoscopic surgery seems to be a feasible and safe treatment option for obstructive left colorectal cancer.     

近距离放射疗法与前列腺根治切除治疗局限性前列腺癌的疗效比较——meta分析

目的比较前列腺粒子植入近距离放射疗法与根治性前列腺切除术治疗局限性前列腺癌的疗效。方珐收集国内外1979年1月至2007年7月已公开发表的有关局限性前列腺癌行根治性前列腺切除术和粒子植入近距离放射治疗疗效比较的临床对照试验文献，对符合要求的研究进行同质性检验，采用四格表数据的Meta分析方法（Peto法）计算比值比（0R）和95％可信区间（CI）。站秉符合要求入选的研究文献共有4项，共2305例病例，其中根治性前列腺切除1244例，前列腺粒子植入1061例；两种治疗方法术后5年无瘤存活率合并比值比（0R）是EOR0．68，95％CI（O．44，1．05）]，差异无统计学意义。站论根据现有研究资料可知两种治疗方式对于局限性前列腺癌术后5年生存率没有明显差别，两种方法均可作为局限性前列腺癌有效和可靠的治疗手段。     

人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤热疗和化疗及放疗后凋亡相关基因的变化

目的探讨热疗、化疗、放疗对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法将人类结肠癌细胞株——HT29移植于裸鼠双侧后肢。于实验室模拟热疗条件（43℃，60rain），并参照人类结肠癌临床化疗及放疗方案。实验共分6组，即热疗、化疗、放疗、热化疗、热放疗及热放化疗组。于治疗前后不同时间点处死裸鼠。取肿瘤组织备用。利用免疫组织化学染色检测肿瘤细胞膜、细胞浆及细胞核Bcl－2和Bax基因及P53表达的形态学变化。结果6种治疗方法均能不同程度下调P53和Bcl－2、上调Bax的表达。热放化疗组治疗后48hP53及Bcl－2达到最低水平，Bax达高峰。与另外5组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；热疗、热化疗及热放疗3组间对P53表达的下调作用差异无统计学意义，但均较化疗、放疗组下调明显。治疗后48h热放疗组和热放化疗组Bcl－2的表达明显低于其他各组（P〈0．05），热疗组下调Bcl－2作用最小，与另外5组的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。热放化疗组上调Bax基因表达的作用发生时间最早（2h）：作用最强，与另外5组的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；热疗组发生时间最晚（24h），作用最小，与另外5组的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。结论热疗可能通过增强放化疗对凋亡相关基因的表达发挥其增敏作用。热疗联合应用化疗和（或）放疗对人结肠癌裸鼠移植瘤凋亡相关基因表达的改变更为显著。     

腹腔镜在胃癌根治术的应用进展

近年来有关早期胃癌的微创治疗进展很快，并已取得国内外的共识。对进展期胃癌应用腹腔镜行胃癌根治术尽管已经取得了较好的临床效果，但仍尚待前瞻性多中心临床随机对照研究。从应用前景看，随着术者技术的完善、观念的改变、经验的积累、手术器械的不断改进，腹腔镜胃癌根治术必将在胃癌手术中扮演越来越重要的角色。     

内眦赘皮的分类及相应治疗方法探讨

目的：总结内眦赘皮的成因，探索内眦赘皮的分类与选择治疗方法的关系。方法：调查1999年以来收治的1370例内眦赘皮患者，对其外形和术中解剖结果进行总结；均采用张海明法、Park法或Mustarde法予以矫正，或同时行重睑成形术。术后有294例患者接受长期随访，随访时间为6～38个月。结果：根据内眦赘皮的成因将其分为上睑型、下睑型和上下睑型；根据其遮盖泪阜的程度分为轻、中和重度。上睑型和上下睑型可用张海明法或Park法矫正，下睑型和上下睑型可用Park法或Mustarde法矫正。在随访的294例患者中，完全纠正者264例，30例部分矫正。结论：本丈提出的内眦赘皮分类法具有实用的指导临床选择手术方法的意义。     

肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌根治术中的应用

目的总结肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建在肝门部胆管癌中应用的临床经验。方法回顾分析1998年至2003年收治118例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果118例中66例实施了姑息性治疗;52例实施根治性切除手术,其中联合肝切除者47例,肝切除中11例实施了联合门静脉切除和重建。行肝切除者术后并发症发生率为22．9％,合并门静脉切除者为27．3％;1、3年的存活率仅行肝切除者和合并门静脉切除者分别为85．7％、31．4％和81．8％、27．8％,2组差异无统计学意义。姑息治疗组仅5例存活超过3年（7．58％）,无5年生存者。结论门静脉浸润不是肝门部胆管癌手术的禁忌证,肝叶切除联合门静脉切除和重建提高其治愈切除率,改善术后患者的预后。