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排序方式: 共有251条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Kamran Habib Awan Quratul Ann Hussain Shahrukh Khan Syed Wali Peeran Magdy Khaled Hamam Emad Al Hadlaq Hamad Al Bagieh 《Saudi Dental Journal》2018,30(1):13-18
Objectives
To review the tobacco governance and national responsibility for control, and existing countering measures to reduce the tobacco use among the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states.Methods
We reviewed the data in regards to tobacco control efforts and difficulties encountered during implementation of the policies for all the GCC member states from the respective country profile in the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic. Also, we utilized the measures outlined in the FCTC’s MPOWER package to not only assess the degree of national commitment, but also compare it against the level of significance that the legislatures give to this matter.Results
We observed that there have been genuine advancements towards tobacco control in the GCC member states over the past few years. All the countries except Bahrain have national offices committed to tobacco control and 5 nations (excluding Oman) have dedicated support services for smoking cessation accessible to the general public. Similarly, majority of the member states have implemented a national-level ban on tobacco advertisement through national media cells as well as free dissemination of marketing material.Conclusion
Application and implementation of measures outline in the MPOWER package, formulation and enforcement of sturdy laws on tobacco control, and development of infrastructure and trained workforce are fundamental to manage and reinforce tobacco control measures in the GCC region. 相似文献62.
63.
NJ Gogtay KD Kamtekar SS Dalvi SS Mehta AR Chogle U Aigal NA Kshirsagar 《BMC infectious diseases》2006,6(1):16-4
Background
The WHO recommends that adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum successfully treated with a blood schizonticide receive a single dose of primaquine (PQ) 45 mg as a gametocytocidal agent. An earlier pilot study suggested that 75 mg of bulaquine (BQ), of which PQ is a major metabolite, may be a useful alternate to PQ. 相似文献64.
65.
66.
Malak Ali Shaheen Magdy Ahmed Mahmoud Manal Mohamed Abdel Aziz Hamam Ibrahim El Morsy Karima Ahmed Abdel Khalik 《The clinical respiratory journal》2009,3(2):95-101
Introduction: Pulmonary surfactant is a unique mixture of lipids and surfactant‐specific proteins. Phosphatidylcholine comprises almost 80% of the total surfactant lipids, about half of which is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Alteration of surfactant composition and function is documented with various airway or lung parenchyma disorders. Objective: To assess sputum concentration of DPPC as a major component of airways surfactant in asthmatic children compared to conventional airway inflammatory markers. Methods: This case control study included 68 well‐known asthmatic children of different grades of severity and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched normal children as controls. All children were subjected to thorough clinical examination, pulmonary function tests, sputum induction and processing for cytology, DPPC level and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level assessment. Results: Elevated DPPC levels were evident in all sputum samples of asthmatic children (mean value 626.6 ± 189.7 mcg/mL) compared to controls (mean value 49.3 ± 20.1 mcg/mL). Significant negative correlations (r = ?0.83, ?0.752 and ?0.384) were found between asthmatics sputum DPPC levels and pulmonary function test parameters [% of forced expiratory volume in first second, % of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow rate over 25%–75% part of FVC], respectively. Meanwhile, significant positive correlations were evident between asthmatics sputum DPPC levels and the sputum inflammatory cells and their sputum ECP levels. Conclusion: Elevated DPPC levels are evident in induced sputum of all asthmatic children and they are significantly related to sputum ECP levels and pulmonary function test parameters. Nevertheless, the value of DPPC estimation in the clinical management of children with asthma remains to be determined. Please cite this paper as: Shaheen MA, Mahmoud MA, Abdel Aziz MM, El Morsy HI and Abdel Khalik KA. Sputum dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine level as a novel airway inflammatory marker in asthmatic children. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; 3: 95–101. 相似文献
67.
This study explores the reproductive attitudes, contraceptive use, demand for family planning and related topics of a representative sample of the female population of reproductive age resident in a Refugee Camp in the Gaza Strip. A cluster sample of 841 resident women of reproductive age (15-49 years) was interviewed in their homes. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed using BMDP software. 98% of the interviewees favour family planning and 88% plan to use a contraceptive in the future. However, 52% of the women at risk do not use any contraception because of their husband's opposition, fear of side effects or lack of knowledge. The risk of having seven or more children is positively associated with a woman's low educational level and husband's desire for more than seven children. Despite favourable attitudes regarding family planning, there is ignorance and the prevalence of contraception use is low. There is a gap between fertility preference and achievement. 相似文献
68.
Enhanced transcription factor DNA binding and gene expression induced by arsenite or arsenate in renal slices 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Although the kidney represents a target for the accumulation and toxicity
of arsenic, little is known about the molecular targets of arsenic in this
organ. Therefore, these studies were designed to examine the molecular
impact of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] at low (nanomolar)
concentrations. Precision-cut rabbit renal cortical slices were challenged
with As(III) or As(V) for up to 8 h. Neither form of the metal induced
overt cytotoxicity as assessed by intracellular K+ levels over this time
period at concentrations from 0.01-10 microM. In addition, no alterations
in the expression of Hsp 60, 70, or 90 were observed. However, induction of
heme oxygenase-1 (Hsp 32) was seen following a 4-h challenge with As(III),
but not with As(V). As(III) and As(V) induced DNA binding of AP-1 at 2- and
4-h exposure; following a 6-h exposure there was no difference. Although no
alteration in the DNA binding activity of ATF-2 was induced by As(III) or
As(V), both forms enhanced the DNA binding activity of Elk-1. Enhanced DNA
binding activity of AP-1 and Elk-1 correlated with increased gene
expression of c-fos, but not c-jun, at 2 h. c-myc gene expression was also
induced by As(III) and As(V), albeit at a later time point (6 h). These
results suggest that acute arsenic challenge, by either As(III) or As(V),
is associated with discrete alterations in the activity of signaling
pathways and gene expression in renal tissue.
相似文献
69.
70.
Layman LC; Edwards JL; Osborne WE; Peak DB; Gallup DG; Tho SP; Reindollar RH; Roach DJ; McDonough PG; Lanclos KD 《Molecular human reproduction》1997,3(4):315-320
Women with recurrent abortion, primary unexplained infertility, and
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) manifest disordered human
chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secretion. Mutations in the HCG
beta/luteinizing hormone (LH) beta gene complex could cause aberrant HCG
production in these disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine
whether HCG beta gene deletions occur in women with recurrent abortion or
primary unexplained infertility, and whether HCG beta gene duplications are
present in women with GTN. DNA was extracted from 10 patients with
unexplained recurrent abortion, 10 patients with unexplained primary
infertility, 12 patients with GTN, three partners of women with GTN, and 30
controls. Southern blots were constructed and hybridized with DNA probes
for HCG beta-5 and the LH beta gene. No gene deletions were identified in
patients with recurrent abortion or primary unexplained infertility.
Likewise, no gene duplications were identified in women with GTN. A
previously described Mbol restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
was identified in both patients and controls. A new Pstl RFLP was also
characterized, but was present in patients and controls.
Deletion/duplication mutations in the HCG beta/LH beta gene complex do not
appear to be common causes of aberrant HCG production in humans with these
disorders.
相似文献