A Novel Method for Three-Dimensional Analysis of Endoscopic Spatial Relationships of Pterygopalatine Fossa Structures and Associated Regions

Background: The spatial orientation rules of the important skull base structures are essential for performing endoscopic surgery. However, there is no satisfactory three-dimensional (3-D) anatomy study available to the surgeon at present. The aims of this study are to construct a new method to learn the spatial orientation of anatomical features under endoscopy and to help the surgeon establish a 3-D image of skull base structures in his mind. Methods: A modified MicronTracker navigation system was used to measure the pitch angle, direction angle and distance from the reference points to various anatomical landmarks of the pterygopalatine fossa and related structures (PPFRS) at the skull base in 10 fresh cadavers (20 sides). Results: The location data of the positions of the major landmarks were acquired and a digital model of the anatomical structures of the PPFRS was built, which can be moved, whirled or demonstrated easily. Conclusion: It is practical to measure the positions of the anatomical structures of the PPFRS with a modified binocular vision-based MicronTracker navigation system. It is a valuable exploration tool to help the surgeon establish the orientation of surgical landmarks in his mind by the 3-D parameters and model.     

Comparative Evaluation of Two Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Coronavirus Vaccine Candidates in Mice

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (PHE) is caused by the coronavirus hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHE-CoV), and the recent, rapid spread of PHE-CoV in piglets from many countries emphasizes the urgent need for a PHE-CoV vaccine. Here we use a murine model for evaluation of the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses by inactivated and PHE-CoV DNA vaccines in order to define the immune correlates for protection against PHE-CoV. The inactivated vaccine was composed of purified PHE-CoV and aluminum hydroxide gel (alum), which was chosen as an adjuvant because of its long history of safety for human use. The PHE-CoV DNA vaccine was constructed by subcloning the S1 gene of PHE-CoV into the pVAX1 vector to create the recombinant plasmid pV-S1. Our results showed that the inactivated PHE-CoV vaccine (IPV) elicited a high level of humoral immunity, resulting in good protection efficacy against PHE-CoV challenge. The IPV induced the IgG1 subclass of serum antibodies and expression of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), suggesting that the IPV generated a predominantly Th2-type immune response. The DNA vaccine was found to mediate primarily a cellular immune response with high levels of IgG2a and the cytokines IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). However, mice that were vaccinated twice with the DNA vaccine and boosted with the IPV could mount a sufficient neutralizing antibody response against live PHE-CoV, with little variation in IgG1 and IgG2a levels, and showed high levels of IL-2 and IL-4. This response may activate both B and T cells to mount a specific humoral and cellular immune response that could, in turn, elicit a phagocyte-mediated defense against PHE-CoV infections to achieve viral clearance.     

人乳头瘤状病毒在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

高危型人乳头瘤状病毒是宫颈癌的主要致病因素,近年来研究发现人乳头瘤状病毒感染与头颈部鳞状细胞癌的发生也存在密切关系。本文对人乳头瘤状病毒相关性头颈部鳞状细胞癌的流行病学、致癌机制、诊断方法、治疗及预后等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

普洱市小儿TORCH感染流行病学调查

目的对云南省普洱市小儿TORCH感染情况进行流行病学调查,为小儿TORCH感染的防治提供参考。方法选取2014年1~12月于该院就诊的1 194例患儿,并分为5个年龄组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测患儿血清中TORCH特异性免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体,分析比较TORCH特异性抗体阳性率和TORCH感染率。结果患儿TORCH特异性抗体IgM阳性率明显低于IgG,IgM阳性率为0.00%~3.10%,IgG阳性率为10.13%~82.24%,TORCH总感染率为96.98%;各年龄组单项TORCH感染率及TORCH总感染率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);5个年龄组间各单项感染率分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同季节TORCH感染率及各单项感染率分布比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该地区小儿TORCH感染以CMV为主,其次为RV和HSV,TOX感染少见;TORCH感染率无明显季节性差异,且各年龄小儿TORCH感染率无明显差异。     

Sublobectomy Versus Lobectomy for Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer,A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies

Background  

The selection of surgeries for patients with stage I NSCLC remains controversial. We evaluated the effectiveness of different surgeries for stage I NSCLC through a meta-analysis of studies that compared sublobectomy with lobectomy.     

An Approach to Bioactivity Assessment for Critical Quality Attribute Identification Based on Antibody-Antigen Complex Structure

Identification of critical quality attributes (CQAs) is an important step for development of biopharmaceuticals with intended performance. An accurate CQA assessment is needed to ensure product quality and focusing on development efforts where control is needed. The assignment of criticality is based on safety and efficacy. Efficacy is related to PK and bioactivity. Here, we developed a novel approach based on antibody-antigen complex structure and modeling as a complementary method for bioactivity assessment. To validate this approach, common product related quality attributes and mutagenesis data from several IgGs were assessed using available antibody-antigen complex structures, and results were compared with experimental data from bioactivity or binding affinity measurements. A stepwise evaluation scheme for structural based analysis is proposed; based on systematic assessment following the scheme, good correlation has been observed between structural analysis and experimental data. This demonstrates that such an approach can be applied as a complementary tool for bioactivity assessment. Main applications are 1) To decouple multiple attributes to achieve amino acid resolution for bioactivity assessment, 2) To assess bioactivity of attributes that cannot be experimentally generated, 3) To provide molecular mechanism for experimental observation and understand structure function relationship. Examples are provided to illustrate these applications.     

地佐辛联合右美托咪定降低肠道术后腹腔热灌注化疗不良反应的研究

目的 对地佐辛联合右美托咪定在降低肠道术后腹腔热灌注化疗（HIPEC）不良反应中的作用进行研究分析，为临床应用提供参考。方法 80例肠道肿瘤术后接受HIPEC患者，根据不同的镇静镇痛治疗方法分为干预组及常规组，干预组患者在常规镇静镇痛的基础上，HIPEC前10 min给予患者地佐辛5 mg肌内注射、生理盐水48 mL+右美托咪定200 μg以0.3 μg/（kg·h）持续泵入直至HIPEC结束，比较2组患者在HIPEC中不良反应发生的情况。结果2组进行对比发现，干预组患者在HIPEC过程中的心率［（83.34±8.25）次/min vs.（90.11±10.69）次/min］、体温［（37.33±0.42）℃ vs（. 37.95±0.51）℃］均较常规组降低，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；同时干预组的恶心呕吐、疼痛、烦躁等不良反应发生率均低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 地佐辛联合右美托咪定用于肠道术后腹腔热灌注化疗能明显降低患者不良反应的发生。     

Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging to Assess the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Chronic Post-Stroke Spasticity: Preliminary Observation

We prospectively investigated the feasibility of using quantitative ultrasound imaging (QUI) to assess the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) in individuals with chronic post-stroke spasticity. To quantify muscle echogenicity and stiffness, we measured QUI parameters (gray-scale pixel value and shear wave velocity [SWV, m/s]) of the BBM in three groups: 16 healthy BBMs; 12 post-stroke, non-spastic BBMs; and 12 post-stroke, spastic BBMs. The QUI results were compared with the Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu Scale. A total of 20 SWVs were measured in each BBM, once at elbow in 90° flexion and again at maximally achievable extension using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. BBM pixel value was measured in gray-scale images captured at 90° elbow flexion using ImageJ software. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance for examining the difference in SWV and pixel values among the three groups; Bonferroni correction for testing the difference in SWV and pixel values in a paired group; t-test for examining the difference in SWV values measured at two elbow angles; and Pearson correlation coefficient for analyzing the correlation of QUI to Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu Scale. SWV significantly differed between spastic BBMs and non-spastic or healthy BBMs. For pixel values, each of the three groups significantly differed from the others at elbow 90° flexion. The difference in SWV measured between the two elbow angles was also significant (p?<0.01). A strong negative correlation was found between SWV and passive range of motion (R²?=??0.88, p?<0.0001) in spastic upper limbs. These results suggest that the use of QUI is feasible in quantitative assessment of spastic BBM.