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131.
Jolanda MA Boer Jan Albert Kuivenhoven Edith JM Feskens Evert G Schouten Louis M Havekes Jacob C Seidell John JP Kastelein Daan Kromhout 《Clinical genetics》1999,56(2):158-163
We investigated interactions between a mutation (D9N) in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and physical activity, as well as other lifestyle factors, on lipid traits in a population-based sample of Dutch men and women (n = 379). We used questionnaire information to classify physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits, while overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2. Non-fasting blood samples were used for the determination of lipid traits and the D9N genotype. Fifteen subjects (4%) carried the mutation. They presented with higher levels of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B and triglycerides compared to non-carriers. While no interactions with overweight, alcohol consumption, and smoking were found, a strong interaction between the D9N mutation and physical activity became apparent. Physically inactive D9N carriers (n = 5) had considerably higher total cholesterol (+2 mmol/l, p < or = 0.0001) and apo B levels (+63 mg/dl, p < or = 0.0001) compared to non-carriers of this mutation, whereas their high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations were lower (-0.22 mmol/l, p < 0.05). This was not the case for physically active D9N carriers (n = 10). In conclusion, a common variant of the LPL gene (D9N) adversely affects plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles. However, the unfavorable consequences may be counteracted by physical activity. 相似文献
132.
JM Kanyamurwa S Wamala R Baryamutuma E Kabwama R Loewenson 《African health sciences》2013,13(3):829-841
Background
Globalization-related measures to liberalize trade and stimulate export production were applied in Uganda in the late 1980s, including in the coffee production sector, to revitalize agricultural production, increase incomes to farmers and improve rural food security.Objective
To explore the different effects of such measures on the health and dietary outcomes of female coffee and food small holder farmers in Uganda.Methods
We gathered evidence through a cross-sectional comparative interview survey of 190 female coffee producers and 191 female food producers in Ntungamo district. The study mostly employed quantitative methods of data collection, targeting the sampled households. We also utilized qualitative data; collected three months after the household survey data had been collected and their analysis had been accomplished. Using qualitative interviews based on an unstructured interview guide, extra qualitative information was collected from key informants at national, district and community levels. This was among other underlying principles to avoid relying on snapshot information earlier collected at household level in order to draw valid and compelling conclusions from the study. We used indicators of production, income, access to food and dietary patterns, women''s health and health care. Of the two groups selected from the same area, female coffee producers represented a higher level of integration into liberalised export markets.Results
Document review suggests that, although Uganda''s economy grew in the period, the household economic and social gains after the liberalization measures may have been less than expected. In the survey carried out, both food and coffee producers were similarly poor, involved in small-scale production, and of a similar age and education level. Coffee producers had greater land and livestock ownership, greater access to inputs and higher levels of income and used a wider variety of markets than food producers, but they had to work longer hours to obtain these economic returns, and spent more cash on health care and food from commercial sources. Their health outcomes were similar to those of the food producers, but with poorer dietary outcomes and greater food stress.Conclusions
The small-scale women farmers who are producing food cannot rely on the economic infrastructure to give them support for meaningful levels of production. However, despite having higher incomes than their food producing counterparts, the evidence showed that women who are producing coffee in Uganda as an export commodity cannot rely on the income from their crops to guarantee their health and nutritional wellbeing, and that the income advantage gained in coffee-producing households has not translated into consistently better health or food security outcomes. Both groups have limited levels of autonomy and control to address these problems. 相似文献133.
134.
135.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common cause of morbidity, antibiotic use, increased length of stay and, possibly,
increased mortality in ICU patients. Colonization of the oropharyngeal cavity with potentially pathogenic micro-organisms
is instrumental in the pathogenesis of VAP, and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) with antibiotics (AB-SOD) or
antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX-SOD), has been associated with reduced incidences of VAP. In a recent issue
of Critical Care Scannapieco and colleagues investigated differences in oropharyngeal colonization between mechanically ventilated patients
receiving oropharyngeal decontamination with 0.12% CHX-SOD either once or twice daily compared to placebo. CHX-SOD was associated
with a reduction in Staphylococcus aureus colonization, but the study was underpowered to demonstrate a reduction in VAP incidence. We urgently need well-designed
and adequately powered studies to evaluate the potential benefits of CHX-SOD on patient outcome in ICUs. 相似文献
136.
Annaiah Cariappa Hiromu Takematsu Haoyuan Liu Sandra Diaz Khaleda Haider Cristian Boboila Geetika Kalloo Michelle Connole Hai Ning Shi Nissi Varki Ajit Varki Shiv Pillai 《The Journal of experimental medicine》2009,206(1):125-138
We show that the enzymatic acetylation and deacetylation of a cell surface carbohydrate controls B cell development, signaling, and immunological tolerance. Mice with a mutation in sialate:O-acetyl esterase, an enzyme that specifically removes acetyl moieties from the 9-OH position of α2–6-linked sialic acid, exhibit enhanced B cell receptor (BCR) activation, defects in peripheral B cell development, and spontaneously develop antichromatin autoantibodies and glomerular immune complex deposits. The 9-O-acetylation state of sialic acid regulates the function of CD22, a Siglec that functions in vivo as an inhibitor of BCR signaling. These results describe a novel catalytic regulator of B cell signaling and underscore the crucial role of inhibitory signaling in the maintenance of immunological tolerance in the B lineage. 相似文献
137.
Haider Al‐Hello Petri Ylipaasto Teemu Smura Elisabeth Rieder Tapani Hovi Merja Roivainen 《Journal of medical virology》2009,81(2):296-304
It was shown recently that 15 successive passages of a laboratory strain of the Coxsackie B virus 5 in a mouse pancreas (CBV‐5‐MPP) resulted in apparent changes in the virus phenotype, which led to the capacity to induce a diabetes‐like syndrome in mice. For further characterization of islet cell interactions with a passaged virus strain, a murine insulinoma cell line, MIN‐6, was selected as an experimental model. The CBV‐5‐MPP virus strain was not able to replicate in MIN‐6 cells in vitro but required adaptation over a few days for progeny production and the generation of cytopathic effects. In order to determine the genetic characteristics required for virus growth in MIN‐6 cells, the whole genome of the MIN‐6‐adapted virus variant was sequenced, and critical amino acids were identified by comparing the sequence with that of a virus strain passaged repeatedly in the mouse pancreas. The results of site‐directed mutagenesis demonstrated that only one residue, amino acid 94 of VP1, is a major determinant for virus adaptation to MIN‐6 cells. J. Med. Virol. 81:296–304, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
138.
JM Toohey K Ismail D Lonergan CR Lewis 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2007,51(6):594-596
Amyloid involvement of the breast is infrequently reported and may have clinical and radiological features suspicious for a primary breast malignancy. We describe a case of amyloid of the breast in which asymptomatic mammographic findings were suspicious for locally recurrent disease in a patient with previously treated breast cancer. 相似文献
139.
GB Fogarty R Cassumbhoy JM Martin M Fay J Ainslie 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2007,51(3):267-275
High‐risk skin cancer arising on the upper limb or trunk can cause axillary nodal metastases. Previous studies have shown that axillary radiotherapy improves regional control. There is little published work on technique. Technique standardization is important in quality assurance and comparison of results especially for trials. Our technique, planned with CT assistance, is presented. To assess efficacy, an audit of patients treated in our institution over a 15‐month period was conducted. Of 24 patients treated, 13 were treated with radical intent, 11 with this technique. With a follow up of over 2 years, the technique had more than a 90% (10/11) regional control in this radical group. Both of the radical patients who were not treated according to the technique had regional failure. One case of late toxicity was found, of asymptomatic lymphoedema in a radically treated patient. This technique for axillary radiotherapy for regional control of skin cancer is acceptable in terms of disease control and toxicity as validated by audit at 2 years. 相似文献
140.