Die supraspinale Kontrolle der Renshaw-Zellen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Determination of renal volume by ultrasound scanning.

In patients with renal hypertension, determination of renal volume may be valuable for evaluating possible compensatory hypertrophy for correlating renal size to renal function, and for evaluating the transplanted kidney in relation to rejection and its response to therapy. We performed parallel transverse ultrasonic scans through each kidney and computed volume based on the cross-sectional areas outlined on the scans. In 16 autopsy studies a highly significant correlation between calculated and true values were obtained, rs = 0.847, p less than 0.001. The 5th and 95th percentiles of the median divergence were -21 and 27 ml respectively. In 30 healthy subjects, double determinations showed 5th and 95th percentiles of the median interobserver variation of -7 and 3 ml respectively. There was no demonstrable difference between volumes of right and left kidneys, and no difference in relation to sex. Total renal volume was most accurate when correlated with the body weight, rs = 0.698, p less than 0.001. Normal values of total renal volume per kilogram of body weight were 4.3 to 8.0 ml/kg. In normal subjects, the smallest kidney's volume should not be less than 37% of the total renal volume.     

Ultrasound scanning of the gastrointestinal tract in children: subject review

Water path ultrasound scanning of the abdomen was used to evaluate 103 children with clinically apparent disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Dynamic ileus was distinguished from adynamic ileus, congenital disorders were identified, tumors of the bowel wall were distinguished from vascular lesions, and thickening of the bowel wall in metabolic and toxic disorders was seen. Traumatic and inflammatory conditions were evaluated successfully in 17 patients, obviating the need for barium gastrointestinal studies in these children. Given the benign nature of ultrasound, the authors believe that ultrasound examinations of the bowel should be used with greater frequency, particularly in children.     

Über elektroretinographische verlaufs-kontrollen bei der pigmentdegeneration der Netzhaut

]Zusammenfassung In 25 Fällen von 147 Fällen von Retinitis pigmentosa (= 16,2%) war noch ein elektrisches Belichtungspotential auszulösen, das allerdings gegenüber dem ERG von Gesunden stets erniedrigte Werte aufwies. In der Regel konnten erst bei stark erhöhten Reizleuchtdichten kleine polyphasische Wellen als Antwort beobachtet werden.Bei 5 Patienten ließ sich innerhalb einer unterschiedlich langen Kontrollzeit ein Verlust der Potentialbildung unmittelbar verfolgen.Ein Vergleich der Funktionsausfälle (periphere Lichtsinnunterschiedsempfindlichkeit und ERG-Schwelle) zeigt: Die meisten Patienten mit erhaltenem ERG haben einen geringeren Gesichtsfeldverlust als diejenigen mit ausgelöschten Potentialen - eine Bestätigung der These (Armington, 1961), daß Amplitude und Schwelle des retinalen Summationspotentials (ERG) von der Größe intakter Netzhautbezirke abhängt.

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Summary Report of 47 cases of Retinitis pigmentosa with the following results: In 25 cases (16.2%) an electrical response to illumination of the retina could be produced, which however in comparison to the ERG of a normal control group showed lower values. Generally only small polyphase waves as response to very intense stimulating light could be observed. In 5 patients a further decrease of the ERG potential was observed during the following controls. The comparison of visual field and ERG demonstrates: Most of the patients with recordable ERG show less visual field defects than those with abolished potentials.

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Résumé Le rapport concerne 147 cas de Retinitis pigmentosa. Les résultats sont les suivants: Dans 25 cas (16,2%) il a été possible d'enregistrer un ERG dont l'amplitude a toujours été inférieure à l'amplitude normale. 5 patients soumis à un contrôle de plusieurs années montraient une dégradation du potential. Une comparaison des altérations fonctionnelles (champ visuel et ERG) montre que la plupart des patients dont on a pu obtenir des ERG ont un champ visuel plus étendu que les autres.

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Aus der Universitäts-Augenklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf (Direktor: Prof. Dr. H. Sautter).